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New Advancement in Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications
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New Advancement in Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "J1: Heat and Mass Transfer".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 28837

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Guojun Yu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
Interests: energy storage; heat and mass transfer; numerical methods; petroleum storage and transportation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Huijin Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univeristy, Shanghai 201306, China
Interests: heat and mass transfer; transport in porous media; thermal storage; carbon capture
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Heat and mass transfer, widely involved in various energy systems, has great impacts on the safety and energy consumption of these systems. Establishment of energy-efficient operation schemes for these systems requires good understanding of the heat and mass transfer characteristics. In the context of carbon neutrality, energy saving is highly concerned, which requires understanding of more accurate and detailed behavior of heat and mass transfer to establish more energy-efficient schemes. Therefore, some traditional heat and mass transfer problems are reconsidered and investigated with more advanced techniques to clarify the comprehensive heat and mass transfer characteristic involved. In addition, with the development of the new technologies, equipment tends to be of micro-scale or nano-scale, the heat and mass transfer within this micro-scale or multi-scale systems are new problems encountered in recent years.

This special issue aims to cover new advancement in heat and mass transfer, either fundamentals or applications, in differernt research fields. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to the following:

Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer:

  • Multi-phase flow and heat transrer
  • Multi-scale heat and mass transfer
  • Combustion
  • Heat and mass transfer in porous media
  • Radiation
  • Bio-fluid dynamics and heat transfer

Experimental and numerical research on  heat and mass transfer related to:

  • Fossil and and renewable energy using systems
  • Energy conversion and storage systems
  • Heat exchangers
  • Fuel cells
  • Heat pipe
  • Air conditioning and refrigeration
  • Heat transfer enhancement
  • Theraml insulation

Apart from original research related to the above-mentioned topics, studies on the state-of-the-art in relation to previous works are also welcome.

Dr. Guojun Yu
Dr. Huijin Xu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • heat and mass transfer
  • numerical heat transfer
  • heat transfer enhancement
  • heat convection
  • heat conduction
  • heat radiation
  • thermal storage
  • thermal insulation
  • phase change

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (18 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 195 KiB  
Editorial
New Advancements in Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications
by Guojun Yu, Huihao Liu and Huijin Xu
Energies 2023, 16(7), 3029; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en16073029 - 26 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1339
Abstract
Heat and mass transfer, widely involved in various energy systems, has great impacts on the safety, efficiency, as well as performance of these systems [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advancement in Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

19 pages, 3660 KiB  
Article
Numerical Modeling of Laser Heating and Evaporation of a Single Droplet
by Sagar Pokharel, Albina Tropina and Mikhail Shneider
Energies 2023, 16(1), 388; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en16010388 - 29 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1634
Abstract
Laser technology is being widely studied for controlled energy deposition for a range of applications, including flow control, ignition, combustion, and diagnostics. The absorption and scattering of laser radiation by liquid droplets in aerosols affects propagation of the laser beam in the atmosphere, [...] Read more.
Laser technology is being widely studied for controlled energy deposition for a range of applications, including flow control, ignition, combustion, and diagnostics. The absorption and scattering of laser radiation by liquid droplets in aerosols affects propagation of the laser beam in the atmosphere, while the ignition and combustion characteristics in combustion chambers are influenced by the evaporation rate of the sprayed fuel. In this work, we present a mathematical model built on OpenFOAM for laser heating and evaporation of a single droplet in the diffusion-dominated regime taking into account absorption of the laser radiation, evaporation process, and vapor flow dynamics. The developed solver is validated against available experimental and numerical data for heating and evaporation of ethanol and water droplets. The two main regimes—continuous and pulsed laser heating—are explored. For continuous laser heating, the peak temperature is higher for larger droplets. For pulsed laser heating, when the peak irradiance is close to transition to the boiling regime, the temporal dynamics of the droplet temperature does not depend on the droplet size. With the empirical normalization of time, the dynamics of the droplet shrinkage and cooling are found to be independent of droplet sizes and peak laser intensities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advancement in Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications)
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13 pages, 6279 KiB  
Article
Heat Transfer and Pressure Drops in a Helical Flow Channel Liquid/Solid Fluidized Bed
by Oscar García-Aranda, Christopher Heard, José Javier Valencia-López and Francisco Javier Solorio-Ordaz
Energies 2022, 15(23), 9239; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15239239 - 06 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1425
Abstract
Industrial liquid/solid fluidized bed heat exchangers are commonly used with particle recycling systems to allow an increased superficial velocity and higher heat transfer rates. Here, experimental results are reported on a novel helical flow channel geometry for liquid/solid fluidized beds which allow higher [...] Read more.
Industrial liquid/solid fluidized bed heat exchangers are commonly used with particle recycling systems to allow an increased superficial velocity and higher heat transfer rates. Here, experimental results are reported on a novel helical flow channel geometry for liquid/solid fluidized beds which allow higher heat transfer rates and reduced complexity by operating below the particle transport fluid velocity. This eliminates the complexity of particle recycle systems whilst still delivering a compact heat exchanger. The qualitative character of the fluidization was studied for a range of particle types and sizes under several inclinations of the helices and various hydraulic diameters. The best fluidization combinations were further studied to obtain heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops. Improvements over the heat exchange from a plain concentric tube in an annulus were obtained to the following degree: vertical fluidized bed, 27%; helical baffles, 34 to 54%; and fluidized bed with helical baffles, 69 to 89%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advancement in Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications)
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22 pages, 7269 KiB  
Article
Investigation of a Dual-Loop ORC for the Waste Heat Recovery of a Marine Main Engine
by Long Lyu, Wu Chen, Ankang Kan, Yuan Zhang, Song Xue and Jingbin Zeng
Energies 2022, 15(22), 8365; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15228365 - 09 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1223
Abstract
As carbon dioxide emissions arising from fossil energy consumption and fossil fuels are gradually increased, it is important for the low-carbon operation of ships to recover diesel engine waste heat. A newly developed dual-loop organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system to recover waste heat [...] Read more.
As carbon dioxide emissions arising from fossil energy consumption and fossil fuels are gradually increased, it is important for the low-carbon operation of ships to recover diesel engine waste heat. A newly developed dual-loop organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system to recover waste heat from a marine main engine (M/E) was designed in this paper. The exhaust gas (EG) heat was recovered by the high-temperature (HT) loop. The jacket cooling water (JCW) heat and the condensation heat of the HT loop were recovered by the low-temperature (LT) loop. Toluene, cyclohexane, benzene, R1233zd (E), R245fa, and R227ea were selected as the working fluids. The influence of the condenser thermal parameters on the LT loop was analyzed using the pinch point method. The performance of the dual-loop ORC was investigated under various working fluid combinations. The maximum net power of the HT loop can reach 253.4 kW when using cyclohexane as the working fluid, and the maximum thermal efficiency of the HT loop can reach 18.5% with benzene as the working fluid. Meanwhile, higher condensation temperatures and levels of condensation heat of the HT loop have a positive effect on the performance of the LT loop. However, in most conditions, the HT loop condensation heat could not provide enough heat for the LT loop’s working fluid to start the boiling process. The total net power of the dual-loop ORC system was 410.6 kW with Cyclohexane in the HT loop and R1233zd (E) in the LT loop, resulting in a 10.9% improvement in the marine main engine thermal efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advancement in Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications)
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15 pages, 3030 KiB  
Article
Study on Heat and Mass Transfer Performance during Heating, Pressurization and Expansion Stage in Explosion Puffing at Low Temperature and High-Pressure
by Shijie Ruan, Lei Su, Haoyu Ou, Wei Lin, Shuiquan Jiang and Fang Sun
Energies 2022, 15(21), 7896; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15217896 - 25 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 963
Abstract
China is a large agricultural country that is leading worldwide in the annual number of agricultural products and exports. However, the growth and harvest of fruits and vegetables are greatly affected by geographical conditions, climate and other factors, which will lead to their [...] Read more.
China is a large agricultural country that is leading worldwide in the annual number of agricultural products and exports. However, the growth and harvest of fruits and vegetables are greatly affected by geographical conditions, climate and other factors, which will lead to their rotting in peak season and shortages in the off-season. Therefore, it is necessary to vigorously promote the development of drying technology. The explosion puffing technology at low temperature and high pressure is a kind of compound drying technology which can enable the puffed product to obtain the advantages of honeycomb, good rehydration, a short running time, etc. With the guidance of the theory of heat and mass transfer and relevant thermodynamics laws, this study has established high-pressure extruding technology in low-temperature heating; expanded the two-phase theoretical model, using mass conservation and the law of the conservation of energy to analyze the coupled heat and mass transfer process and influencing factors; and researched the influence of the operation temperature, pressure and time on the properties of dried fruit. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advancement in Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications)
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21 pages, 3148 KiB  
Article
Effects of Composite Electrode Structure on Performance of Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell
by Zaiguo Fu, Zijing Wang, Yongwei Li, Jingfa Li, Yan Shao, Qunzhi Zhu and Peifen Weng
Energies 2022, 15(19), 7173; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15197173 - 29 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1383
Abstract
The composite electrode structure plays an important role in the optimization of performance of the intermediate-temperature solid oxide electrolysis cell (IT-SOEC). However, the structural influence of the composite electrode on the performance of IT-SOEC is not clear. In this study, we developed a [...] Read more.
The composite electrode structure plays an important role in the optimization of performance of the intermediate-temperature solid oxide electrolysis cell (IT-SOEC). However, the structural influence of the composite electrode on the performance of IT-SOEC is not clear. In this study, we developed a three-dimensional macroscale model coupled with the mesoscale model based on percolation theory. We describe the electrode structure on a mesoscopic scale, looking at the electrochemical reactions, flow, and mass transport inside an IT-SOEC unit with a composite electrode. The accuracy of this multi-scale model was verified by two groups of experimental data. We investigated the effects of operating pressure, volume fraction of the electrode phase, and particle diameter in the composite electrode on electrolysis reaction rate, overpotential, convection/diffusion flux, and hydrogen mole fraction. The results showed that the variation in the volume fraction of the electrode phase had opposite effects on the electrochemical reaction rate and multi-component diffusion inside the composite electrode. Meanwhile, an optimal range of 0.8–1 for the particle diameter ratio was favorable for hydrogen production. The analysis of IT-SOEC with composite electrodes using this multi-scale model enables the subsequent optimization of cell performance and composite electrode structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advancement in Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications)
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13 pages, 1909 KiB  
Article
Disposal of Wastewater from Mazout-Fired Boiler Plants by Burning Water–Mazout Emulsions
by Sylwia Janta-Lipińska, Alexander Shkarovskiy and Łukasz Bartłomiej Chrobak
Energies 2022, 15(15), 5554; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15155554 - 30 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1135
Abstract
Liquid fuel can be an alternative to solid fuel in non-gasified locations. The mazout for municipal-energy boiler plants is much cheaper than fuel oil. However, this relates to the problem of wastewater disposal from such a boiler plant. A proprietary system for the [...] Read more.
Liquid fuel can be an alternative to solid fuel in non-gasified locations. The mazout for municipal-energy boiler plants is much cheaper than fuel oil. However, this relates to the problem of wastewater disposal from such a boiler plant. A proprietary system for the disposal of bottom water and other sewage-containing mazout has been developed. The solution depends on the proper preparation and burning of a water–mazout emulsion (WME). The emulsion is prepared in a specially designed and developed dosing ejector. By burning the emulsion using the developed system, an efficiency increase of 2–3% was achieved for boilers operating on the mazout fuel. Such a result was achieved due to a reduction in the excess air factor. Moreover, emissions of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide were reduced by 30–35% and 70–80%, respectively. In addition due to cleaning the heat-exchange surfaces obtained when working on the WME, the amount of time for productive and more efficient use of the equipment has increased. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advancement in Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications)
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15 pages, 4362 KiB  
Article
Heat Transfer Study from a Salty Droplet Film on a Horizontal Tube in Mechanical Vapor Recompression Crystallization System
by Yanmei Cao, Yu Wang, Yang Gao and Risto Kosonen
Energies 2022, 15(14), 5109; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15145109 - 13 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1086
Abstract
The horizontal drop film evaporator is a key component of the mechanical vapor recompression crystallization system, which can be used to evaporate effluent and recycle secondary vapor energy. However, the properties of heat transfer and flow of the salty effluent sprayed external of [...] Read more.
The horizontal drop film evaporator is a key component of the mechanical vapor recompression crystallization system, which can be used to evaporate effluent and recycle secondary vapor energy. However, the properties of heat transfer and flow of the salty effluent sprayed external of the horizontal drop film evaporation tube are obviously different from that of ordinary water. We established a 3D model for a horizontal drop film evaporator in the system, and water and sodium sulfate mixture were manufactured to reproduce the real salty effluent. By applying the VOF (volume of fluid) model, the liquid-gas interface of a salty effluent spray drop film formed on a horizontal tube in the evaporator was traced. The impacts of various heat flux, sodium sulfate content, spray density, and temperature on the local Nusselt number were studied, and a dimensionless correlation was established. The results showed that the effect of surface tension cannot be negligible; as the sodium sulfate content rises, the local Nusselt number declines in the thermal developing region; as the spray temperature and density rises, the local Nusselt number rises, which was largely independent of the heat flux in the thermal developing region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advancement in Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications)
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23 pages, 6738 KiB  
Article
A Novel Layered Slice Algorithm for Soil Heat Storage and Its Solving Performance Analysis
by Guolong Li, Dongliang Sun, Dongxu Han and Bo Yu
Energies 2022, 15(10), 3743; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15103743 - 19 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1183
Abstract
According to the structural and heat transfer characteristics of soil heat storage, a novel layered slice algorithm is proposed to realize the rapid and accurate solution to the problem. The heat transfer process between the double U-tube heat exchanger and the surrounding soil [...] Read more.
According to the structural and heat transfer characteristics of soil heat storage, a novel layered slice algorithm is proposed to realize the rapid and accurate solution to the problem. The heat transfer process between the double U-tube heat exchanger and the surrounding soil is taken as an example to analyze its solving performance. The study finds that the layered slice algorithm has higher simulation precision and faster solving speed. Its maximum relative error of temperature is only 0.19%. Compared with the traditional 3D simulation algorithm, it can accelerate about 2.2~2.56 times. At the same time, the layered slice algorithm has an excellent parallel characteristic. Its maximum parallel speedup ratio is more than twice that of the traditional 3D algorithm. Due to the superior solving performance, the proposed algorithm can help the optimization design of the buried-tube heat exchangers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advancement in Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications)
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11 pages, 1263 KiB  
Article
A Novel Phase Difference Measurement Method for Coriolis Mass Flowmeter Based on Correlation Theory
by Ting’ao Shen, Siyu Huang, Peng Chen, Liwei Chen and Yi Zhou
Energies 2022, 15(10), 3710; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15103710 - 18 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1402
Abstract
Aiming at the poor precision problem in phase difference measurements with unknown frequencies in engineering practice, a new phase difference measurement method is proposed for Coriolis mass flowmeter based on correlation theories. Firstly, the signal frequency was estimated by using an adaptive notch [...] Read more.
Aiming at the poor precision problem in phase difference measurements with unknown frequencies in engineering practice, a new phase difference measurement method is proposed for Coriolis mass flowmeter based on correlation theories. Firstly, the signal frequency was estimated by using an adaptive notch filter, which was applied to filter the waves and determined the integer period of the sampling signals, and the non-integer period sampling signals needed to be extended. Then, the Hilbert transformation was conducted relative to the extended signals, and the correlation functions of these extended signals with the transformed signals can be computed. Finally, the formula of phase difference can be obtained by utilizing the sinusoidal function. Compared to traditional methods, such as the correlation method, the Hilbert transformation method, and sliding Goertzel algorithm, the proposed method is suitable for both integer period and non-integer period sampling signals, and its accuracy, real-time, and dynamic performance is superior. Simulation and experiment results validate the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advancement in Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications)
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16 pages, 6961 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on Gas–Liquid Interface Evolution during Liquid Displaced by Gas of Mobile Pipeline
by Jimiao Duan, Huishu Liu, Jiali Tao, Ting’ao Shen, Weixing Hua and Jinfa Guan
Energies 2022, 15(7), 2489; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15072489 - 28 Mar 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1478
Abstract
The mobile pipeline is the most effective and reliable means for the emergency oil transfer task, which is temporarily laid on the field. After completing the task, the oil in the pipeline should be emptied before the mobile pipeline is removed. The oil [...] Read more.
The mobile pipeline is the most effective and reliable means for the emergency oil transfer task, which is temporarily laid on the field. After completing the task, the oil in the pipeline should be emptied before the mobile pipeline is removed. The oil in pipeline gradually displaced by the air is a main method of pipeline evacuation, which is the only choice of jet fuel pipeline. Due to the convection between gas and oil phases, the length of the oil–gas mixing section and the evolution of the oil–gas interface change with time. The evolution of the gas–liquid interface directly determines the different flow patterns of oil–gas two phases, which are very important for the mobile pipeline evacuation. In this paper, the characteristics of the gas–liquid interface evolution during the water displaced by air are studied, using the multi-phase pipeline experiment. Through the change of the gas–liquid interface in the initial stage of gas cap evacuation, it is found that the gas–liquid interface can be divided into smooth, wavy, and dispersed forms under different initial gas flow rates and different inclination angles. Slug phenomenon may occur in the process of gas-carrying liquid flow in the pipeline. The emergence of slug is mainly affected by hydraulic conditions and pipeline operating conditions. The liquid plug body is complex and unstable, and there will be a mutual transition between different liquid slug shapes. The increase of the inclination angle and gas phase velocity will accelerate the occurrence of liquid slug frequency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advancement in Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications)
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19 pages, 18172 KiB  
Article
Numerical Investigation on the Mechanism of Transpiration Cooling for Porous Struts Based on Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium Model
by Haiwei Yang, Xue Liu, Yuyang Bian and Ge Wang
Energies 2022, 15(6), 2091; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15062091 - 13 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2186
Abstract
Struts as an important structure in the combustion chamber of hypersonic flight vehicles to inject fuel into main flow face a severe thermal environment. Transpiration cooling is considered as a potential method to provide a thermal protection for struts. This paper presents a [...] Read more.
Struts as an important structure in the combustion chamber of hypersonic flight vehicles to inject fuel into main flow face a severe thermal environment. Transpiration cooling is considered as a potential method to provide a thermal protection for struts. This paper presents a numerical investigation on transpiration cooling for a strut based on Darcy–Forchheimer model and the local thermal non-equilibrium model and analyzes the mechanism of transpiration cooling. A coolant film and a velocity boundary layer are formed on the strut surface and the shock wave is pushed away from the strut, which can effectively reduce the heat load exerted on the strut. The temperature difference between coolant and solid matrix inside the porous strut is analyzed, a phenomenon is found that the fluid temperature is higher than solid temperature at the leading edge inside the porous strut. As flowing in the porous medium, the coolant absorbs heat from solid matrix, and the fluid temperature is higher than solid temperature at the stagnation point of the strut. The influence of coolant mass flow rate and various coolants on transpiration cooling is studied. As mass flow rate increases, the cooling efficiency becomes higher and the temperature difference between fluid and solid in the porous medium is smaller. The coolant with a lower density and a higher specific heat will form a thicker film on the strut surface and absorbs more heat from solid matrix, which brings a better cooling effect for strut. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advancement in Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications)
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19 pages, 5178 KiB  
Article
Modeling of Gas Migration in Large Elevation Difference Oil Transmission Pipelines during the Commissioning Process
by Liang Feng, Huafeng Zhu, Ying Song, Wenchen Cao, Ziyuan Li and Wenlong Jia
Energies 2022, 15(4), 1379; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15041379 - 14 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1251
Abstract
Oil pipeline construction and operation in mountainous areas have increased in southwestern China, with oil consumption increasing. Such liquid pipelines laid in mountainous areas continuously undulate along the terrain, resulting in many large elevation difference pipe segments. Serious gas block problems often occur [...] Read more.
Oil pipeline construction and operation in mountainous areas have increased in southwestern China, with oil consumption increasing. Such liquid pipelines laid in mountainous areas continuously undulate along the terrain, resulting in many large elevation difference pipe segments. Serious gas block problems often occur during the commissioning process of these pipelines due to the gas/air accumulation at the high point of the pipe, which causes pipeline overpressure and vibration, and even safety accidents such as bursting pipes. To solve this problem, the gas–liquid replacement model and its numerical solution are established with consideration of the initial gas accumulation formation and the gas segment compression processes in a U-shaped pipe during the initial start-up operation. Additionally, considering the interactions of the gas-phase transfer in the continuous U-shaped pipe, and the influence of the length, inclination angle, and backpressure on the air vent process, the gas migration model for a continuous U-shaped pipe is established to predict the gas movement process. Finally, the field oil pipe production data were applied to verify the model. The results demonstrate that the maximum deviation between the calculated pressure during the start-up process and real data is 0.3 MPa, and the critical point of crushing the gas in the pipe section is about 0.2 Mpa. Additionally, the results show that the mass transfer of the gas section in the multi-pipe hydraulic air vent process causes the gas accumulation section to increase in downstream of the pipe. This study’s achievements can provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the safe and stable operation of continuous undulating liquid pipelines with large drops. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advancement in Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications)
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16 pages, 1649 KiB  
Article
Slug Flow Hydrodynamics Modeling for Gas–Liquid Two-Phase Flow in a Pipe
by Huishu Liu, Jimiao Duan, Kecheng Gu, Jiang Li, Hao Yan, Jian Wang and Changjun Li
Energies 2022, 15(2), 533; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15020533 - 12 Jan 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1851
Abstract
Gas–liquid flow in a pipeline is a very common. Slug two-phase flow is dominated in the case of slightly upward flow (+0.25°) and considered to be the comprehensive flow configuration, and can be in close contact with all the other flow patterns. The [...] Read more.
Gas–liquid flow in a pipeline is a very common. Slug two-phase flow is dominated in the case of slightly upward flow (+0.25°) and considered to be the comprehensive flow configuration, and can be in close contact with all the other flow patterns. The models of different flow patterns can be unified. Precise prediction of the slug flow is crucial for proper design and operation. In this paper, we develop hydrodynamics unified modeling for gas–liquid two-phase slug flow, and the bubble and droplet entrainment is optimized. For the important parameters (wall and interfacial friction factors, slug translational velocity and average slug length), the correlations of these parameters are optimized. Furthermore, the related parameters for liquid droplet and gas bubble entrainment are given. Accounting for the gas–liquid interface shape, hydrodynamics models, i.e., the flat interface model (FIM) and the double interface model (DIM), of liquid film in the slug body are applied and compared with the experimental data. The calculated results show that the predictions for the liquid holdup and pressure gradient of the DIM agree with experimental data better than those of the FIM. A comparison between the available experimental results and Zhang’s model calculations shows that the DIM model correctly describes the slug dynamics in gas–liquid pipe flow. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advancement in Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications)
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14 pages, 4196 KiB  
Article
Study on Performance of the Thermoelectric Cooling Device with Novel Subchannel Finned Heat Sink
by Gaoju Xia, Huadong Zhao, Jingshuang Zhang, Haonan Yang, Bo Feng, Qi Zhang and Xiaohui Song
Energies 2022, 15(1), 145; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15010145 - 26 Dec 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3104
Abstract
The thermoelectric refrigeration system is an application of the Peltier effect, and good refrigeration performance is dependent on effective heat dissipation performance. To enhance the cooling performance of the thermoelectric system, this paper designs a new type of finned heat sink, which does [...] Read more.
The thermoelectric refrigeration system is an application of the Peltier effect, and good refrigeration performance is dependent on effective heat dissipation performance. To enhance the cooling performance of the thermoelectric system, this paper designs a new type of finned heat sink, which does not change the overall size of the thermoelectric system. The performance of the refrigeration system under the new fin is tested by experiments under various conditions. During the experiment, the cooling wind speed, the temperature of the hot and cold side of the TEC, the power consumption of the fan, and other parameters were directly recorded through the measuring instrument. The results show that the use of new finned heat sinks can improve the COP of the thermoelectric refrigeration system. Within the scope of the study, the thermal resistance of the new fins can be reduced by 42.6%, and the system COP value can be increased by 22.8%. In addition, increasing the cooling wind speed can further reduce the cold side temperature. Within the research range, the lowest temperature can reach −8.25 °C, but the power consumed by the fan is 166% of that of the conventional fin heat sink refrigeration device. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advancement in Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications)
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10 pages, 2158 KiB  
Article
Analysis on the Improvement of Thermal Performance of Phase Change Material Ba (OH)2·8H2O
by Xiaohui Lu, Xiaoxue Luo, Shibo Cao and Changzhen Zou
Energies 2021, 14(22), 7761; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14227761 - 19 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1450
Abstract
Benefitting from the characteristics of a high latent heat capacity and stable phase change behavior, phase change materials have widely received concerns in the field of thermodynamic management. Ba(OH)2·8H2O is an ideal phase change material (PCM) in the mid-to-low [...] Read more.
Benefitting from the characteristics of a high latent heat capacity and stable phase change behavior, phase change materials have widely received concerns in the field of thermodynamic management. Ba(OH)2·8H2O is an ideal phase change material (PCM) in the mid-to-low temperature range, but its large-scale application is still limited by severe supercooling during the nucleation process. In this paper, the experimental analysis and comparison are performed via an Edisonian approach, where Ba(OH)2·8H2O is adopted as an original substrate; BaCO3, CaCl2, NaCl, KH2PO4, and NaOH are selected as nucleating agents; and graphite is used as a heat-conducting agent. The results show that Ba(OH)2·8H2O containing 1.2% BaCO3 and 0.2% graphite powder has the best performance. Compared with pure Ba(OH)2·8H2O, the supercooling degree is reduced to less than 1 °C, the phase change latent heat duration is extended, and the thermal conductivity is significantly improved. Therefore, this study not only provides a reference for the application of Ba(OH)2·8H2O, but can also be used as a guidance for other material modifications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advancement in Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications)
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15 pages, 4286 KiB  
Article
Influence of the Refrigerant Charge on the Heat Transfer Performance for a Closed-Loop Spray Cooling System
by Nianyong Zhou, Hao Feng, Yixing Guo, Wenbo Liu, Haoping Peng, Yun Lei, Song Deng and Yu Wang
Energies 2021, 14(22), 7588; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14227588 - 12 Nov 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1168
Abstract
With the rapid increase of heat flux and demand for miniaturization of electronic equipment, the traditional heat conduction and convective heat transfer methods could not meet the needs. Therefore, the spray cooling experiment was carried out to obtain the basic heat transfer and [...] Read more.
With the rapid increase of heat flux and demand for miniaturization of electronic equipment, the traditional heat conduction and convective heat transfer methods could not meet the needs. Therefore, the spray cooling experiment was carried out to obtain the basic heat transfer and cooling process. In this experiment, the spray cooling system was set up to investigate the influence of refrigerant charge on heat transfer performance in steady-state, dynamic heating, and dissipating processes. In a steady-state, the heat transfer coefficient increased with the rise of the refrigerant charge. In the dynamic dissipating process, both heat flux and heat transfer coefficient decreased rapidly after the critical heat flux, and the surface temperature drop point of each refrigerant charge was presented. The optimum refrigerant charge was provided considering the cooling parameters and the system operating performance. When the refrigerant operating pressure was 0.5 MPa, the spray cooling process presented with the higher heat flux, heat transfer coefficient, and cooling efficiency in this experiment. Meanwhile, the suitable surface temperature drop point and more gentle heat flux curves in the nucleate boiling region were obtained. The research results will contribute to the spray cooling system design, which should be operated before departure from the nucleate boiling point for avoiding cooling failure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advancement in Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications)
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Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research

21 pages, 2030 KiB  
Review
A Review of the Mathematical Models for the Flow and Heat Transfer of Microencapsulated Phase Change Slurry (MEPCS)
by Huyu Li, Guojun Yu, Huijin Xu, Xue Han and Huihao Liu
Energies 2023, 16(6), 2914; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en16062914 - 22 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1380
Abstract
Microencapsulated phase change slurry (MEPCS), prepared by mixing microencapsulated phase change materials (MEPCMs) with water or other carrier fluids, is widely used in different applications such as for thermal regulation or heat storage systems. The transient thermal-hydraulic behavior accompanying the phase change process [...] Read more.
Microencapsulated phase change slurry (MEPCS), prepared by mixing microencapsulated phase change materials (MEPCMs) with water or other carrier fluids, is widely used in different applications such as for thermal regulation or heat storage systems. The transient thermal-hydraulic behavior accompanying the phase change process of the MEEPCS has a significant impact on the system performance. However, the heat and mass transfer during the phase change of the MEPCS is a complex multiscale process, due to the complex phase change of small particles and the complex coupling between the particles and carrier fluids. The numerical methods have been proved to be efficient and powerful means to investigate such complex phase change problems. However, the mathematical model is the critical factor determining the accuracy of the numerical methods, and is still under development. This review summarized the mathematical models proposed for the thermal-hydraulic processes of the MEPCS, compared the adaptabilities of different models, and provided suggestions for the selection of models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advancement in Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications)
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