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Energies
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Load Modelling of Power Systems II
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Load Modelling of Power Systems II

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F1: Electrical Power System".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 4984

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Sasa Djokic

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, Scotland, UK
Interests: power systems; load modelling; demand response and demand side management schemes; power quality; reliability; security; illuminating engineering; time-domain and frequency-domain (harmonic) analysis; smart grids and microgrids; active network management; distributed/micro generation and storage technologies; PV and wind generation systems; renewable energy resource assessment and forecasting; markovian models and monte carlo analysis; probabilistic analysis and evaluation of uncertainties; implementation of dynamic thermal rating; electric vehicles; modelling of power electronic technologies; data monitoring, collecting and processing; regulation, legislation and standardisation; fault response and supply interruptions; asset management; metaheuristic methods; optimal power flow analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Jan Desmet

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electromechanical Systems, and Metal Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Interests: photovoltaic power systems, distribution networks, power system harmonics, IEC standards, distributed power generation, electric current measurement, phasor measurement, power generation control, power quality, energy conservation, energy storage, environmental factors, finite element analysis, fluorescent lamps, data monitoring and big data handling, load profiling, aggregation techniques, predictive analysis, hosting capacity, probabilistic analysis, grid modelling, hybrid storage, EV charging
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Lidija M. Korunović

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Power Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
Interests: power quality; power system operation; distribution networks; load modelling; load profiling; aggregation techniques; power system harmonics; demand response and demand side management; reliability; smart grids; renewable energy resource assessment; evaluation of uncertainties; data monitoring, collecting and processing; optimal power flow analysis; distributed power generation; energy efficiency; environmental factors; grid modelling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Matti Lehtonen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
Interests: power and energy systems; demand response; power grids; renewable energy sources; power system economics; electrical load modeling; electric vehicle charging; energy storages; heating system electrification
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the recent years, there has been a strong interest in load modelling due to significant changes in the types, characteristics and compositions of loads—which are now increasingly based on various power electronic circuits and interfaces for achieving higher efficiency and improved control—as well as to better on-site and remote regulation techniques for individual loads or groups of loads. The provision of accurate load models is crucial for the planning and implementation of various demand-side management and demand–response schemes, particularly in terms of the anticipated electrification of the road transportation sector and of heating. Furthermore, the successful deployment of a range of “smart grid” functionalities relies on the correct assessment and evaluation of the aggregate effects of the changes in load patterns and in locally connected distributed generation and energy storage resources on the overall system performance. While some of these changes are part of the specific “smart grid” control schemes, others are inherently stochastic: therefore, appropriate models of aggregated loads as well as directly connected and inverter-interfaced renewable distributed generation technologies are required for their correct representation and for the further implementation of optimal controls for managing bidirectional power flows and ensuring the highest possible reliability, security and power quality.

A Special Issue on the subject of "Load Modelling in Power Systems" is currently being prepared for the journal Energies, aimed at publishing recent advances, field studies, contributions to knowledge and research results in related areas. The general theme of this Special Issue is modelling of loads in the context of analysis, control and operation of existing electricity supply networks and future “smart grids”, at all voltage levels and in a variety of applications, including:

  • Modelling of recently introduced, new and emerging types of loads;
  • Load models of different classes of customers in modern power supply systems;
  • Measurement-based and component-based load modelling approaches;
  • Time-domain, frequency-domain and other load models and modelling techniques;
  • Static and dynamic load models and modelling methodologies;
  • Data analytics and data mining for load modelling purposes;
  • Load profiling, load decomposition and load disaggregation;
  • Modelling and representation of aggregate loads and evaluation of their impact;
  • Combined load–generation–storage–network models, e.g., models of “active distribution network cells”, microgrids and virtual power plants;
  • Load modelling in related “smart grid” applications, e.g., demand-side management and demand–response schemes, functionalities and services.

Prof. Dr. Sasa Djokic
Prof. Dr. Jan Desmet
Prof. Dr. Lidija M. Korunović
Prof. Dr. Matti Lehtonen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • load modelling
  • power systems
  • aggregate load models
  • load profiling and load decomposition
  • demand–response management
  • load modelling for smart grid applications

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 2356 KiB  
Article
A Unified Data Profile for Microgrid Loads, Power Electronics, and Sustainable Energy Management with IoT
by Adam Milczarek and Kamil Możdżyński
Energies 2024, 17(6), 1277; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en17061277 - 07 Mar 2024
Viewed by 488
Abstract
Controllable devices in a classical centralized grid work independently, providing desired functionalities for the owner only, making grid stability and efficient energy management challenging. Therefore, the dynamically developing communication infrastructure has been crucial in improving local energy management and stability, introducing the Internet [...] Read more.
Controllable devices in a classical centralized grid work independently, providing desired functionalities for the owner only, making grid stability and efficient energy management challenging. Therefore, the dynamically developing communication infrastructure has been crucial in improving local energy management and stability, introducing the Internet of Things and, finally, creating micro- or smart grids. Communication technology already allows for exchanging data and information with high bandwidth in practical industrial and grid applications. However, considering the increasing number of electrical devices with different purposes, parameters, and possibilities to work as an energy source or storage, the challenge is device profile standardization, especially for power electronics devices. As many devices as possible should be able to exchange information with the grid operator or local area/home energy management device, like industrial agents, energy routers, or smart transformers. The number and types of parameters, outputs, and input signals available in the devices from the communication point of view are significantly different, making it extremely difficult to apply the advanced energy management algorithm. Therefore, the unified data profile for modern loads was developed and discussed. The proposed device model was standardized, including mandatory information about the device’s work and parameters, with the possibility of reading the control commands from the supervisor device. The proposed unified model was studied in simulation research, integrating self-balanced and self-control areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Load Modelling of Power Systems II)
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17 pages, 2720 KiB  
Article
Impact Assessment of Electric Vehicle Charging in an AC and DC Microgrid: A Comparative Study
by Rémy Cleenwerck, Hakim Azaioud, Majid Vafaeipour, Thierry Coosemans and Jan Desmet
Energies 2023, 16(7), 3205; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en16073205 - 02 Apr 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1672
Abstract
This paper presents an in-depth comparison of the benefits and limitations of using a low-voltage DC (LVDC) microgrid versus an AC microgrid with regard to the integration of low-carbon technologies. To this end, a novel approach for charging electric vehicles (EVs) on low-voltage [...] Read more.
This paper presents an in-depth comparison of the benefits and limitations of using a low-voltage DC (LVDC) microgrid versus an AC microgrid with regard to the integration of low-carbon technologies. To this end, a novel approach for charging electric vehicles (EVs) on low-voltage distribution networks by utilizing an LVDC backbone is discussed. The global aim of the conducted study is to investigate the overall energy losses as well as voltage stability problems on DC and AC microgrids. Both architectures are assessed and compared to each other by performing a power flow analysis. Along this line, an actual low-voltage distribution network with various penetration levels of EVs, combined with photovoltaic (PV) systems and battery energy storage systems is considered. Obtained results indicate significant power quality improvements in voltage imbalances and conversion losses thanks to the proposed backbone. Moreover, the study concludes with a discussion of the impact level of EVs and PVs penetration degrees on energy efficiency, besides charging power levels’ impact on local self-consumption reduction of the studied system. The outcomes of the study can provide extensive insights for hybrid microgrid and EV charging infrastructure designers in a holistic manner in all aspects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Load Modelling of Power Systems II)
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19 pages, 9266 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Influence of the Load Resistance on Power and Efficiency in the Square and Circular Periodic WPT Systems
by Jacek Maciej Stankiewicz
Energies 2023, 16(7), 2950; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en16072950 - 23 Mar 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1005
Abstract
We are currently seeing an increasing number of devices that support wireless power transfer (WPT) technology. In order to avoid early prototyping and carry out a series of experimental analyses, it was possible to use numerical methods at the design stage to estimate [...] Read more.
We are currently seeing an increasing number of devices that support wireless power transfer (WPT) technology. In order to avoid early prototyping and carry out a series of experimental analyses, it was possible to use numerical methods at the design stage to estimate the potential power transfer and efficiency of the system. The purpose of this study is to present a method of analysis for a periodic wireless power transfer system, using periodically arranged planar coils with field and circuit models. A three-dimensional numerical model of a multi-segment charging system with periodic boundary conditions was solved with the finite element method (FEM). An equivalent circuit model of the periodic WPT system was proposed, and the required lumped parameters were obtained using analytical formulas. Mathematical formulas were supplemented with the analysis of several geometric variants, taking into account different sizes of transmitting and receiving coils, as well as different numbers of turns. Both proposed methods of analysis allowed for the determination of load resistance values at which the variants of WPT systems considered in the research had maximum efficiency. The ranges of load resistance values in which the efficiency of the system exceeded 50% were indicated. The results obtained are very helpful in the proper selection of the load resistance, without the need for multiple tests and their resulting multiple measurements. The results also showed that the proposed circuit model was able to achieve similar accuracy as the numerical model, and the complexity of the model and analysis was significantly reduced. The obtained results will allow the design of WPT systems with appropriate selections of load resistance to achieve maximum efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Load Modelling of Power Systems II)
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19 pages, 6164 KiB  
Article
An Application of the Hamilton–Ostrogradsky Principle to the Modeling of an Asymmetrically Loaded Three-Phase Power Line
by Andriy Chaban, Marek Lis, Andrzej Szafraniec and Vitaliy Levoniuk
Energies 2022, 15(21), 8255; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15218255 - 04 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 913
Abstract
This paper presents a mathematical model of an electric power system which consists of a three-phase power line with distributed parameters and an equivalent, unbalanced RLC load cooperating with the line. The above model was developed on the basis of the modified Hamilton–Ostrogradsky [...] Read more.
This paper presents a mathematical model of an electric power system which consists of a three-phase power line with distributed parameters and an equivalent, unbalanced RLC load cooperating with the line. The above model was developed on the basis of the modified Hamilton–Ostrogradsky principle, which extends the classical Lagrangian by adding two more components: the energy of dissipative forces in the system and the work of external non-conservative forces. In the developed model, there are four types of energy and four types of linear energy density. On the basis of Hamilton’s principle, the extended action functional was formulated and then minimized. As a result, the extremal of the action functional was derived, which can be treated as a solution of the Euler–Lagrange equation for the subsystem with lumped parameters and the Euler–Poisson equation for the subsystem with distributed parameters. The derived system of differential equations describes the entire physical system and consists of ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations. Such a system can be regarded as a full mathematical model of a dynamic object based on interdisciplinary approaches. The partial derivatives in the derived differential state–space equations of the analyzed object are approximated by means of finite differences, and then these equations are integrated in the time coordinate using the Runge–Kutta method of the fourth order. The results of computer simulation of transient processes in the dynamic system are presented as graphs and then discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Load Modelling of Power Systems II)
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