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Design and Analysis of Electric Motors and Generators for Electric Vehicles and Home Appliances

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 October 2021) | Viewed by 12914

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Won-Ho Kim

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Guest Editor

Department of Electrical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
Interests: electric machine design and control, especially PMSM; motor design for rail-road application and HEV/EV traction; motor design for Home Application; optimal design and multi-physics analysis

Prof. Dr. Sung Gu Lee

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Guest Editor

Department of Electrical Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
Interests: transformer aging; Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor; power systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleague,

In recent years, as the problem of global warming caused by fossil fuels has become serious, policies that mandate use of high-efficiency devices have been implemented. Based on this trend, many pieces of research and development of low emission vehicles, such as electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), are being conducted competitively. In addition, high efficient home appliances also have been developed as the demand for loss reduction of energy consuming devices increases.

Motors are widely applied in EVs and home appliances. In EV/HEV, electric machines are applied to various parts including on-board type or in-wheel type drive systems, such as EPS, DCT and Electromechanical Brake System. In the case of home appliances, they are used as core parts in most products, such as air conditioners, washing machines, and vacuum cleaners. Recently, there is a demand for permanent magnet synchronous motors with high power density along with compact size and high efficiency for these applications.

High speed operation of the electric machines is required for the demand. However, irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnet may occur in the high speed region due to the weak magnetic flux control, and iron loss of the electric steel sheet increases rapidly. Therefore, it is necessary to properly design and accurately control the machines based on analyzing electromagnetic performance including consideration of operating characteristics. In addition, since heat generation from losses and mechanical stiffness must be considered, multiphysical analysis must be performed together.

Electric machines have a high potential for future development, and the market and application fields are continuously expanding. Therefore, various research thesis and active cooperative research are needed. This special session will provide an opportunity for exchange between engineers and scholars who are interested in electric machine design and control methodology.

Prof. Dr. Won-Ho Kim
Prof. Dr. Sung Gu Lee
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

Electric Machinery
PMSM(Permanent Magnet Syncronous Motor)
Induction Motor
Generator
Traction Application
Home Application
Traction Motor
FEA(Finite Element Analysis)

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 4654 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of an IPMSM Hybrid Magnetic Equivalent Circuit

by In-Soo Song, Byoung-Wook Jo and Ki-Chan Kim

Energies 2021, 14(16), 5011; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14165011 - 15 Aug 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2179

Abstract

The most common type of electric vehicle traction motor is the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). For IPMSM designs, engineers make use of the magnetic equivalent circuit method, which is a lumped constant circuit method, and the finite element method, which is a distributed constant circuit method. The magnetic equivalent circuit method is useful for simple design through fast and intuitive parameters, but it cannot derive the distribution of the magnetic field. The finite element method can derive an accurate magnetic field distribution, but it takes a long time and is difficult to use for analysis of intuitive design parameters. In this study, the magnetic equivalent circuit method and Carter’s coefficient were combined for rotor structure design and accurate identification and analysis of circuit constants. In this paper, this design method is called the hybrid magnetic equivalent circuit method. Intuitive design parameters are derived through this hybrid magnetic equivalent circuit method. The air gap flux density distribution according to rotor shape, no-load-induced voltage, and cogging torque was analyzed and compared to results of the finite element method. The proposed method was found to achieve a short solving time and acceptably accurate results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Analysis of Electric Motors and Generators for Electric Vehicles and Home Appliances)

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13 pages, 5779 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation on the Torque Ripple Reduction Method of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Motor

by Hyungkwan Jang, Hyunwoo Kim, Huai-Cong Liu, Ho-Joon Lee and Ju Lee

Energies 2021, 14(5), 1413; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14051413 - 04 Mar 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2492

Abstract

Owing to the development of electric vehicles (EVs), research and development are underway to minimize torque ripple in relation to vibration and noise in EV motors. Although there are various ways to reduce torque ripple, this study analyzes the torque ripple, cogging torque, total harmonic distortion (THD), and magnetic flux density distribution for the three rotor shapes of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors, which are widely employed in EVs. To reduce the torque ripple while retaining the required average torque, the barrier shape is optimized, and wedge skew is applied. First, regarding the rotor barrier shape, torque ripple is primarily reduced by designing the rotor barrier shape with the response surface method, which is an experimental design method. Additionally, the wedge skew shape considering the bidirectional rotation and fabrication was applied to the stator shoe as a step and analyzed using three-dimensional finite element analysis. When designing the wedge skew, the layer subdivision according to the axial length, wedge skew diameter, and wedge skew position was analyzed and improved. The torque ripple reduction method in this paper can be applied not only to motors for EVs or Hybrid EVs (HEVs) but also all types of permanent magnet synchronous motors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Analysis of Electric Motors and Generators for Electric Vehicles and Home Appliances)

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Review

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32 pages, 12512 KiB

Open AccessReview

Thermal Mapping of a High-Speed Electric Motor Used for Traction Applications and Analysis of Various Cooling Methods—A Review

by Edison Gundabattini, Arkadiusz Mystkowski, Adam Idzkowski, Raja Singh R. and Darius Gnanaraj Solomon

Energies 2021, 14(5), 1472; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14051472 - 08 Mar 2021

Cited by 32 | Viewed by 6961

Abstract

This paper gives a comprehensive review of advanced cooling schemes and their applications to the permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), as well as investigating the electrical motor’s topologies its thermal design issues, materials and performances. Particularly, the electromagnetic and electric performances, machine sizing, together with the structural design, are given. In addition, the work addresses the motor’s material design and properties along with its insulation performance, which is the main goal of optimization. Mainly, thermal mapping with analysis is provided according to the different cooling methods, including air-cooling, water-cooling, oil-cooling, heat-pipe-cooling, potting silicon gelatin cooling, and as well as cooling strategies for tubes and microchannels. The most common special features and demands of the PMSMs are described in the appearance of the motor’s failures caused by uncontrolled temperature rise. In addition, heat sources and energy losses, including copper loss, core loss versus motor speed, and output power, are analyzed. The review of the proposed cooling methods that will achieve the required heat transfer of the PMSM is presented with numerical simulations and measurements data. A review of numerical methods and results, including the finite element methods (FEM), such as the Ansys CFD software, to obtain a high-accuracy thermal mapping model of the PMSM system is given. The revived methods and design requirements due to PMSM temperature profile and cooling flow at different rotor speeds and torque loads are investigated. Finally, the motor design recommendations, including the newly developed cooling solutions, which enable it to effectively redistribute the temperature and heat transfer, increasing the efficiency of the PMSM machine, are laid out. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Analysis of Electric Motors and Generators for Electric Vehicles and Home Appliances)

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