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Power Electronic Applications to Electric Vehicles, Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Savings

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F3: Power Electronics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 17868

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Nick Papanikolaou

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Guest Editor

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67132 Xanthi, Greece
Interests: power electronics; renewable energy sources; sustainable energy; (smart) microgrids; electrical transportation; energy saving; power quality
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Anastasios Kyritsis

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Guest Editor

Environmental Physics, Energy and Environmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Environment, Ionian University, 29100 Panagoula-Zakynthos, Greece
Interests: power electronics applications for RES exploitation; electrification of land transportation; energy saving and power quality improvement; microgrids and smart grids; nZEB and ZEB smart buildings, all-electric and hybrid shipboards
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As power electronics technology matures, its applications become essential to the transition towards greener, smarter, and sustainable development. In this context, recent advances in power electronics have contributed to the optimization of energy saving in all main industrial and social sectors (all-electric transportations, smart city concepts, renewable energy exploitation, energy saving applications, etc.). The aim of the present Special Issue is to attract original high-quality papers and review articles proposing advances in power electronics for electric vehicles, renewable energy sources, and energy savings. Major topics include but are not limited to the following:

New materials and methods for energy saving;
Efficient public transportation systems; all-electric vehicles, aircrafts, trains, and ships, electric vehicle charging strategies and techniques, and vehicle-to-grid (V2G);
(Smart) microgrids; grid-tied/standalone solutions, energy management;
Smart city concepts;
Energy harvesting for smart applications, wireless power transfer for distributed energy sources;
Dynamic features of power electronics interfaced energy saving applications;
Flexible and wide-band performance control schemes for energy saving applications;
Power electronic concepts for thermoelectric applications; heat recovery systems;
Power electronic systems for smart buildings and NZEBs;
Renewable energy conversion systems; design, modelling, control, and integration to modern power systems
Energy storage; batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, flywheels, and new trends and concepts.

Dr. Nick Papanikolaou
Dr. Anastasios Kyritsis
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Power electronics
Energy saving
Renewable energy sources
Sustainable energy
Microgrids
Smart city concept
Electrical transportation
Electric vehicles
Power quality
Energy harvesting
Energy storage
Heat recovery
Thermoelectric applications

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 9334 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Torque Improvement of Six-Phase Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine Drive with Fifth-Harmonic Current Injection for Electric Vehicles

by Donghan Yun, Namhun Kim, Daeil Hyun and Jeihoon Baek

Energies 2022, 15(9), 3122; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15093122 - 25 Apr 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1788

Abstract

This paper proposes a method to improve the output torque of a six-phase permanent-magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) within the same current peak limit through a fifth-harmonic injection into each phase current of the stator. Compared to the fifth + seventh-harmonic current-injection method used to improve the output torque of the six-phase PMSM, the control system can be stably controlled, and the controller design complexity decreased. This is because the harmonic component was converted into a direct current (DC) component and controlled by a proportional-integral (PI) controller instead of the fifth + seventh-harmonic injection method, which converts the harmonic component into an alternating current (AC) component and controls it with a resonance controller. The appropriate fifth-harmonic ratio for maximum output torque through fifth-harmonic injection was selected through optimization using values analyzed via fast Fourier transform (FFT) for stator phase harmonic current terms caused by inverter nonlinearity and motor design errors. Therefore, it was possible to optimize the fifth-harmonic ratio to be injected without requiring torque modeling using the physical properties of the motor. The experimental results were obtained under the rated current condition with six-phase PMSM in the laboratory, and the average output torque increase under fifth-harmonic injection was about 5% compared to the method without harmonic injection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronic Applications to Electric Vehicles, Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Savings)

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16 pages, 3983 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Behavioral Analysis of Potential Induced Degradation on Photovoltaic Cells, Regeneration and Artificial Creation

by Alex Mirtchev, Theodoros Mouselinos, Stylianos Syrigos and Emmanuel Tatakis

Energies 2021, 14(13), 3899; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14133899 - 29 Jun 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1583

Abstract

Many photovoltaic (PV) parks suffer from a decrement in their generated power capability due to a phenomenon called potential induced degradation (PID). In this paper, a regenerative system using a high step-up DC–DC converter is proposed, for regenerating PV cells that have been degraded due to the PID effect. The same device also can be used for artificially creating PID on PV panels in order to study the effects of the PID under controlled conditions. The power converter offers multiple voltage levels at the output to adapt to various voltage ratings of PV parks. The device has plug-and-play features, ultra-low cost, small size and is simple in operation. Experimental tests are conducted in real PV panels and comparative results verify the operational principles of the proposed system. The artificial creation of the PID phenomenon and the regeneration of the PV cells are successfully proven experimentally. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronic Applications to Electric Vehicles, Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Savings)

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23 pages, 7617 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Voltage Transients Mitigation in the DC Distribution Network of More/All Electric Aircrafts

by Nick Rigogiannis, Dionisis Voglitsis, Tiago Jappe and Nick Papanikolaou

Energies 2020, 13(16), 4123; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en13164123 - 10 Aug 2020

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2586

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to present a power conversion system, based on a bidirectional DC/DC converter, along with a supercapacitor bank, that mitigates the voltage transients that occur on the DC distribution network of More/All Electric Aircrafts. These transients, such as voltage sags and swells appear on the DC buses of on-board microgrids, mainly due to load variations and are classified according to the aircrafts electric power system standards. First, we shortly describe an aircraft distribution network, that is applicable to the most common actual aircraft architectures, then we present the proposed system, along with the bidirectional DC/DC converter design, the control technique and the supercapacitor bank sizing. Finally, we present simulation and experimental results that support the effectiveness of the proposed system to effectively compensate voltage transients, supporting the DC buses in dynamic conditions. Concluding, the proposed system provides high power quality and compliance with the respective power quality standards for aircraft microgrids. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronic Applications to Electric Vehicles, Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Savings)

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18 pages, 6954 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phase-Shift PWM-Controlled DC–DC Converter with Secondary-Side Current Doubler Rectifier for On-Board Charger Application

by Khairy Sayed, Ziad M. Ali and Mujahed Aldhaifallah

Energies 2020, 13(9), 2298; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en13092298 - 06 May 2020

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3661

Abstract

A novel circuit topology for an on-board battery charger for plugged-in electric vehicles (PEVs) is presented in this paper. The proposed on-board battery charger is composed of three H-bridges on the primary side, a high-frequency transformer (HFT), and a current doubler circuit on the secondary side of the HFT. As part of an electric vehicle (EV) on-board charger, it is required to have a highly compact and efficient, lightweight, and isolated direct current (DC)–DC converter to enable battery charging through voltage/current regulation. In this work, performance characteristics of full-bridge phase-shift topology are analyzed and compared for EV charging applications. The current doubler with synchronous rectification topology is chosen due to its wider-range soft-switching availability over the full load range, and potential for a smaller and more compact size. The design employs a phase-shift full-bridge topology in the primary power stage. The current doubler with synchronous recitation is placed on the secondary. Over 92% of efficiency is achieved on the isolated charger. Design considerations for optimized zero-voltage transition are disused. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronic Applications to Electric Vehicles, Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Savings)

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21 pages, 2313 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Providing Ancillary Services with Wind Turbine Generators Based on DFIG with a Two-Branch Static Converter

by Ernande Eugenio C. Morais, Francisco Kleber de A. Lima, Jean M. L. Fonseca, Carlos G. C. Branco and Lívia de A. Machado

Energies 2019, 12(13), 2490; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en12132490 - 28 Jun 2019

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2102

Abstract

This work aims to analyze and validate through mathematical modeling and experimental results, in a three-phase three-wire electrical system, the technical viability of a static power converter with a two-level topology with only two controlled branches (2L2B), operating as a grid-side converter (GSC) in a wind turbine generator based on a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). With this reduced-switches topology, the GSC is able to regulate the DC-link voltage level from the generator back-to-back converter and provide ancillary services of harmonic filtering and reactive power compensation from linear/nonlinear loads connected to the point of common coupling. An 8-kVA experimental prototype was implemented in the laboratory to validate the proposal. The prototype control system was realized using the dSPACE DS1103 PPC Controller Board platform programmed via MATLAB/Simulink. The effectiveness of the proposed system is verified by comparing the results obtained with the 2L2B topology to the ones with the usual two-level three-branch topology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronic Applications to Electric Vehicles, Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Savings)

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25 pages, 7501 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dynamic Modeling of Wind Turbines Based on Estimated Wind Speed under Turbulent Conditions

by Ahmed G. Abo-Khalil, Saeed Alyami, Khairy Sayed and Ayman Alhejji

Energies 2019, 12(10), 1907; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en12101907 - 18 May 2019

Cited by 34 | Viewed by 4864

Abstract

Large-scale wind turbines with a large blade radius rotates under fluctuating conditions depending on the blade position. The wind speed is maximum in the highest point when the blade in the upward position and minimum in the lowest point when the blade in the downward position. The spatial distribution of wind speed, which is known as the wind shear, leads to periodic fluctuations in the turbine rotor, which causes fluctuations in the generator output voltage and power. In addition, the turbine torque is affected by other factors such as tower shadow and turbine inertia. The space between the blade and tower, the tower diameter, and the blade diameter are very critical design factors that should be considered to reduce the output power fluctuations of a wind turbine generator. To model realistic characteristics while considering the critical factors of a wind turbine system, a wind turbine model is implemented using a squirrel-cage induction motor. Since the wind speed is the most important factor in modeling the aerodynamics of wind turbine, an accurate measurement or estimation is essential to have a valid model. This paper estimates the average wind speed, instead of measuring, from the generator power and rotating speed and models the turbine’s aerodynamics, including tower shadow and wind shear components, without having to measure the wind speed at any height. The proposed algorithm overcomes the errors of measuring wind speed in single or multiple locations by estimating the wind speed with estimation error less than 2%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronic Applications to Electric Vehicles, Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Savings)

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