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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2022) | Viewed by 8889

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Prof. Dr. Piotr Gnaciński

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Department of Ship Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Marine Electrical Engineering, Gdynia Maritime University, 81-87 Morska St., 81-225 Gdynia, Poland
Interests: power losses; heating and vibration of induction motors in the conditions of non-ideal supply voltage

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce this Special Issue on the topic "Power Quality and Electrical Machines".

In power systems commonly occur diverse disturbances, such as voltage waveform distortions, voltage unbalance, voltage deviation and in marine power systems – additionally frequency deviation. Power quality disturbances exert a negative effect on various elements of a power system, including electrical machines, causing among the other things their overheating, excessive vibration and torsional vibration, efficiency reduction, loss of reliability and durability. At the same time in some cases the work of electrical machines may contribute to the presence of power quality disturbances.

For this Special Issue we would like to encourage original contributions regarding power quality-related phenomena in asynchronous and synchronous machines. Potential topics may include, but are not limited to: heating, power losses, torque pulsations, vibration, reliability and durability of electrical machines, the generation of power quality disturbances by electrical machines, proposals of modification of power quality standards and rules in order to protect electrical machines against malfunctions due to excessive power quality disturbances.

Prof. Dr. Piot Gnaciński
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

asynchronous machines
synchronous machines
power quality
voltage waveform distortions
voltage unbalance
voltage deviation
vibration
heating
power losses

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1940 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Negative Sequence Voltage Subharmonics on Cage Induction Motors

by Piotr Gnaciński, Damian Hallmann, Piotr Klimczak, Adam Muc and Marcin Pepliński

Energies 2022, 15(23), 8797; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15238797 - 22 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1324

Abstract

In some power systems, voltage waveforms contain, apart from harmonics, interharmonics and subharmonics that are components of frequency less than or not an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency. Voltage subharmonics and interharmonics may be of both a positive and negative sequence, independently of their frequency. Previous papers on induction motors under subharmonics have been generally limited to the components of a positive sequence. This study deals with the effect of negative sequence subharmonics on the work of induction motors. Investigations were performed using the 2D finite element method and an experimental method. Differences between the impact of positive and negative sequence subharmonics are discussed. It was found that negative sequence voltage subharmonics can result in significant current subharmonics, torque pulsations and vibration. Further, because of possible resonance, motors that are comparatively resistant to positive sequence subharmonics might be especially sensitive to negative sequence subharmonics of the same frequency and vice versa. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Quality and Electrical Machines)

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24 pages, 9132 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Induction Motor Supplied with Voltage Containing Symmetrical Subharmonics and Interharmonics

by Piotr Gnaciński, Damian Hallmann, Adam Muc, Piotr Klimczak and Marcin Pepliński

Energies 2022, 15(20), 7712; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15207712 - 19 Oct 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1454

Abstract

Sinusoidal voltage fluctuations can be considered a specific result of the occurrence of voltage subharmonics and interharmonics, which are components of low frequency or not being an integer multiple of the frequency of the fundamental voltage harmonic. These components—symmetrical subharmonics and interharmonics—are of the same magnitude, while their frequencies are symmetrical with respect to the fundamental frequency. Depending on their phase angles, various kinds of voltage fluctuations can be distinguished: amplitude modulation, phase modulation and intermediate modulation. In this study, the effect of phase angles on noxious phenomena in induction motors was analyzed. Additionally, torque pulsations and vibrations of an induction motor under sinusoidal voltage fluctuation and a single voltage subharmonic or interharmonic were compared. The investigations were performed with the finite element method and an experimental method. Among other findings, it was found that for some phase angles torque pulsations could be about ten times higher than for other angles, roughly corresponding to the amplitude modulation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Quality and Electrical Machines)

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20 pages, 6819 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Polar Voltage Space Vectors of the Six-Phase Two-Level VSI

by Jan Iwaszkiewicz, Adam Muc and Agata Bielecka

Energies 2022, 15(8), 2763; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15082763 - 09 Apr 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1244

Abstract

The paper recommends polar voltage space vectors of the six-phase and two-level inverter as a useful mathematical tool for vector control of the inverter. The inverter model is described using three mathematical tools: analytic expressions, voltage state, and space vectors. The analytic formulas allow for the determination of elementary physical inverter quantities: current and voltage. The state voltage vectors make it easy to define phase voltage distribution in every possible state of the inverter and voltage space vectors are the most important tool used for inverters’ control. The space vectors are defined using the standard voltage space vector transformation, while the state vectors are denoted by binary numbers and determine all voltage states of the inverter. The proposed notation system and vectors’ marking seem to be extremely useful in specifying the inverter states. This system certifies a deep correlation between the space and state vectors as they are described using the same digits. The properties of the system were confirmed during the simulation tests. Some examples of the inverter vector control based on polar voltage space vectors prove that the proposed solution is a useful mathematical tool and may be in fact suitable in designing inverter control algorithms. The simulation experiment described in this paper shows that the assumed control strategy allows for a significant reduction in the amount of switching compared to PWM. At the same time, the adopted vector strategy allows for the obtaining of a very favorable value of the current THD coefficient while maintaining the RMS values of the currents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Quality and Electrical Machines)

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14 pages, 1208 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Power Hardware-In-the-Loop Approach for Autonomous Power Generation System Analysis

by Szymon Racewicz, Filip Kutt and Łukasz Sienkiewicz

Energies 2022, 15(5), 1720; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15051720 - 25 Feb 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1639

Abstract

The article presents the Power Hardware-In-the-Loop (PHIL) dynamic model of a synchronous generator of 125 kVA for autonomous power generation system analysis. This type of system is typically composed of electrical energy sources in the form of several diesel generator units with synchronous machines, the main distribution switchboard and different loads. In modern power distribution systems, the proposed power management strategies are typically aimed at the minimization of fuel consumption by maintaining the operation of diesel generator units at peak efficiency. In order to design and test such a system in conditions as close as possible to the real operating conditions, without constructing an actual power distribution system, a PHIL model in the form of a power inverter that emulates the behaviour of a real synchronous generator is proposed. The PHIL model was prepared in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, compiled to the C language and fed into a 150 kVA bidirectional DC/AC commercial-grade converter driven by a HIL real-time simulation control unit. Experimental research was performed in the LINTE

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laboratory of the Gdańsk University of Technology (Poland), where the PHIL emulator was developed. The proposed model was validated by comparing the output voltages and currents as well as an excitation current with the measurements performed on the 125 kVA synchronous generator. The obtained results proved satisfactory compliance of the PHIL model with its real counterpart. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Quality and Electrical Machines)

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16 pages, 10309 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Real Time Sustainable Power Quality Analysis of Non-Linear Load under Symmetrical Conditions

by Pavan Babu Bandla, Indragandhi Vairavasundaram, Yuvaraja Teekaraman, Ramya Kuppusamy and Srete Nikolovski

Energies 2022, 15(1), 57; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15010057 - 22 Dec 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2494

Abstract

Voltage sag is one of the most significant power quality problems in the industry and has a significant impact on induction motor safety and stability. This paper analyzes the characteristics of voltage dips in power systems and induction motors with a special emphasis on balanced dips with the help of virtual grids (regenerative grid simulator), as per IEC 61000-4-11. Three phase induction motors with 3.3 kW, 16 A coupled to a DC generator with 3.7 kW, and 7.8 A rated are considered for the test analysis. This paper aids in the development of an induction motor to achieve improved precision by taking different voltage sags into account. The experimental results benefit the design modifications of induction motors at industrial and other commercial levels of consumers regarding major power quality issues and the behavior of the induction motors. A proposed modification employing ANSYS is provided to further examine the precise performance of induction motors during sag events. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Quality and Electrical Machines)

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