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Modeling and Simulation of Power Systems and Power Electronics

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F1: Electrical Power System".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 11816
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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. James Cale

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Guest Editor

Systems and Electrical and Computuer Engineering Departments, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
Interests: power-electronic drive systems; microgrids; energy conversion; renewable energy

Prof. Dr. Reinaldo Tonkoski

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Guest Editor

Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
Interests: grid integration of renewable energy systems; microgrids; power quality and power electronics
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The proliferation of distributed generation on the power grid, absorption of increasing amounts of variable renewable resources, energy storage, mixture of inertial and non-inertial generation, and increased harmonic content (to name a few) are changing the nature of the power grid. In addition, power-electronic drive systems continue to find new applications in diverse areas such as electric vehicles, ships, and aerospace technologies. Further advancement in modeling and simulation of power systems and power electronics are needed for the analysis and design of these systems and devices, over a wide range of time scales and application scenarios.

This Special Issue invites submissions that describe new or advanced modeling techniques for the analysis of power systems and power electronic converters. Relevant themes include (but are not constrained to): new numerical or modeling techniques; approaches for modeling and assessment of power quality; modeling or characterization of power devices, including electrical machinery, converters or transformers; modeling and simulation of new electrical protection approaches; prediction, analysis and control of power devices; interactions and impacts of distributed energy on the power grid; microgrids.

Prof. Dr. James Cale
Prof. Dr. Reinaldo Tonkoski
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

power systems modeling
power electronics modeling
distributed energy generation
power quality
power system protection
microgrids

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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26 pages, 5689 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A New Design Method for Optimal Parameters Setting of PSSs and SVC Damping Controllers to Alleviate Power System Stability Problem

by Anouar Farah, Akram Belazi, Khalid Alqunun, Abdulaziz Almalaq, Badr M. Alshammari, Mohamed Bechir Ben Hamida and Rabeh Abbassi

Energies 2021, 14(21), 7312; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14217312 - 04 Nov 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1500

Abstract

This paper presents an improved Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) for optimal tuning of power system stabilizers (PSSs) and static VAR compensator (SVC)-based controllers. The original TLBO is characterized by easy implementation and is mainly free of control parameters. Unfortunately, TLBO may suffer from population diversity losses in some cases, leading to local optimum and premature convergence. In this study, three approaches are considered for improving the original TLBO (i) randomness improvement, (ii) three new mutation strategies (iii) hyperchaotic perturbation strategy. In the first approach, all random numbers in the original TLBO are substituted by the hyperchaotic map sequence to boost exploration capability. In the second approach, three mutations are carried out to explore a new promising search space. The obtained solution is further improved in the third strategy by implementing a new perturbation equation. The proposed HTLBO was evaluated with 26 test functions. The obtained results show that HTLBO outperforms the TBLO algorithm and some state-of-the-art algorithms in robustness and accuracy in almost all experiments. Moreover, the efficacy of the proposed HTLBO is justified by involving it in the power system stability problem. The results consist of the Integral of Absolute Error (ITAE) and eigenvalue analysis of electromechanical modes demonstrate the superiority and the potential of the proposed HTLBO based PSSs and SVC controllers over a wide range of operating conditions. Besides, the advantage of the proposed coordination design controllers was confirmed by comparing them to PSSs and SVC tuned individually. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Simulation of Power Systems and Power Electronics)

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19 pages, 3972 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Selected Non-Ideal Aspects on Active and Reactive Power MRAS for Stator and Rotor Resistance Estimation

by Ondrej Lipcak, Filip Baum and Jan Bauer

Energies 2021, 14(20), 6826; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14206826 - 19 Oct 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1414

Abstract

Mathematical models of induction motor (IM) used in direct field-oriented control (DFOC) strategies are characterized by parametrization resulting from the IM equivalent circuit and model-type selection. The parameter inaccuracy causes DFOC detuning, which deteriorates the drive performance. Therefore, many methods for parameter adaptation were developed in the literature. One class of algorithms, popular due to their simplicity, includes estimators based on the model reference adaptive system (MRAS). Their main disadvantage is the dependence on other machines’ parameters. However, although typically not considered in the respective literature, there are other aspects that impair the performance of the MRAS estimators. These include, but are not limited to, the nonlinear phenomenon of iron losses, the effect of necessary discretization of the algorithms and selection of the sampling time, and the influence of the supply inverter nonlinear behavior. Therefore, this paper aims to study the effect of the above-mentioned negative aspects on the performance of selected MRAS estimators: active and reactive power MRAS for the stator and rotor resistance estimation. Furthermore, improved reduced-order models and MRAS estimators that consider the iron loss phenomenon are also presented to examine the iron loss influence. Another merit of this paper is that it shows clearly and in one place how DFOC, with the included effect of iron losses and inverter nonlinearities, can be modeled using simulation tools. The modeling of the IM and DFOC takes place in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Simulation of Power Systems and Power Electronics)

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20 pages, 7539 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Distributed Finite-Time Secondary Frequency and Voltage Restoration Control Scheme of an Islanded AC Microgrid

by Junjie Ma, Xudong Wang, Siyan Zhang and Hanying Gao

Energies 2021, 14(19), 6266; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14196266 - 01 Oct 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1577

Abstract

To solve the problems of frequency and voltage deviation caused by the droop control while meeting the requirements of rapid response, a distributed finite-time secondary control scheme is presented. Unlike the traditional cooperative controllers, this scheme is fully distributed; each unit only needs to communicate with its immediate neighbors. A control protocol for frequency restoration and active power sharing is proposed to synchronize the frequency of each unit to the reference value, and achieve accurate active power distribution in a finite-time manner as well. The mismatch of the line impedance is considered, and a consensus-based adaptive virtual impedance control is proposed. The associated voltage drop is considered to be the compensator for the voltage regulation. Then, a distributed finite-time protocol for voltage restoration is designed. The finite-time convergence property and the upper bound of convergence times are guaranteed with rigorous Lyapunov proofs. Case studies in MATLAB are carried out, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness, the robustness to load changes, plug-and play capacity, and better convergence performance of the proposed control scheme. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Simulation of Power Systems and Power Electronics)

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24 pages, 1713 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Endpoint Use Efficiency Comparison for AC and DC Power Distribution in Commercial Buildings

by Arthur Santos, Gerald Duggan, Stephen Frank, Daniel Gerber and Daniel Zimmerle

Energies 2021, 14(18), 5863; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14185863 - 16 Sep 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1716

Abstract

Advances in power electronics and their use in Miscellaneous Electric Loads (MELs) in buildings have resulted in increased interest in using low-voltage direct current (DC) power distribution as a replacement for the standard alternating current (AC) power distribution in buildings. Both systems require an endpoint converter to convert the distribution system voltage to the MELs voltage requirements. This study focused on the efficiency of these endpoint converters by testing pairs of AC/DC and DC/DC power converters powering the same load profile. In contrast to prior studies, which estimated losses based on data sheet efficiency and rated loads, in this study, we used part load data derived from real-world time-series load measurements of MELs and experimentally characterized efficiency curves for all converters. The measurements performed for this study showed no systematic efficiency advantage for commercially available DC/DC endpoint converters relative to comparable, commercially available AC/DC endpoint converters. For the eight appliances analyzed with the pair of converters tested, in 50%, the weighted energy efficiency of the DC/DC converter was higher, while, for the other 50%, the AC/DC converter was. Additionally, the measurements indicated that the common assumption of using either data sheet efficiency values or efficiency at full load may result in substantial mis-estimates of the system efficiency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Simulation of Power Systems and Power Electronics)

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17 pages, 10490 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling of Average Current in Ideal and Non-Ideal Boost and Synchronous Boost Converters

by Sumukh Surya and Sheldon Williamson

Energies 2021, 14(16), 5158; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14165158 - 20 Aug 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2381

Abstract

This paper provides a modeling approach for average current control (ACC) operating in open-loop configuration. The converters chosen are non-ideal boost and synchronous boost converters operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM). Initially, these converters are mathematically modeled considering all the non-idealities using volt-sec and amp-sec balance equations and simulated using MATLAB and Simulink. The open-loop transfer function of the switch current or inductor current (G_id) to the duty ratio is derived using the state space averaging (SSA) technique and analyzed using MATLAB/Simulink. It is observed that the G_id of the converters is highly stable in open loop. A larger magnitude resonance is observed in ideal boost and synchronous boost converters than the non-ideal converters. However, the low frequency gain and the crossover frequency remained the same. With the increase in the load resistance, higher resonance and lower low frequency gain is observed in non-ideal boost and non-ideal boost synchronous boost converters. The derived transfer function is validated against the standard switch model using LTSpice software. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Simulation of Power Systems and Power Electronics)

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Review

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25 pages, 3366 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperEditor’s ChoiceReview

Rotor Position Synchronization in Central-Converter Multi-Motor Electric Actuation Systems

by Cláudio de Andrade Lima, James Cale and Kamran Eftekhari Shahroudi

Energies 2021, 14(22), 7485; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14227485 - 09 Nov 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1774

Abstract

The aerospace industry is increasingly transitioning from hydraulic and pneumatic drives to power-electronic based drive systems for reduced weight and maintenance. Electromechanical thrust reverse actuation systems (EM-TRAS) are currently being considered as a replacement for mechanical based TRAS for future aircraft. An EM-TRAS consists of one or more power-electronic drives, electrical motors, and gear-trains that extend/retract mechanical members to produce a drag force that decelerates the aircraft upon landing. The use of a single (“central”) power electronic converter to simultaneously control a set of parallel induction machines is a potentially inexpensive and robust method for implementing EM-TRAS. However, because the electrical motors may experience different shaft torques—arising from differences in wind forces and a flexible nacelle—a method to implement rotor position synchronization in central-converter multi-motor (CCMM) architectures is needed. This paper introduces a novel method for achieving position synchronization within CCMM architecture by using closed-loop feedback of variable stator resistances in parallel induction machines. The feasibility of the method is demonstrated in several case studies using electromagnetic transient simulation on a set of parallel induction machines experiencing different load torque conditions, with the central converter implementing both voltage-based and current-based primary control strategies. The key result of the paper is that the CCMM architecture with proposed feedback control strategy is shown in these case studies to dynamically drive the position synchronization error to zero. The initial findings indicate that the CCMM architecture with induction motors may be a viable option for implementing EM-TRAS in future aircraft. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Simulation of Power Systems and Power Electronics)

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