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Energy Potential and Energy Intensity of Real Estates

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "G1: Smart Cities and Urban Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2022) | Viewed by 7902

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Agnieszka Bieda

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Guest Editor

Department of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing of Environment and Spatial Engineering, Faculty of Geo-Data Science, Geodesy, and Environmental Engineering, AGH University of Krakow, 30 Mickiewicza Av., 30-059 Cracow, Poland
Interests: spatial planning; spatial policy; real estate management; property valuation; urban renewal; cadaster; land use policy; land use planning
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Dr. Agnieszka Cienciała

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Guest Editor

Department of Geodesy and Geomatics, Faculty of Environmental, Geomatic and Energy Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
Interests: real estate management; cadastre; land use policy; GIS; spatial information systems; land surveying

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is estimated that nearly 1 billion people do not have access to electricity. However, it is difficult for the rest to imagine that without electricity it is possible to overcome the challenges of the modern world or take advantage of the numerous opportunities that it gives us. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) forecasts that between 2018 and 2050 the global increase in energy consumption in the buildings sector will reach 65%. It will mainly result from growing population, uplifting standards of living raising demand for personal appliances and equipment, as well as urbanization. In the era of current trends towards smarter and more sustainable use of resources, significant development of renewable energy sources is observed. The ongoing technological progress and evolving demand for new solutions raises a discussion on the need to implement universal registers collecting the attributes that describe them, including spatial data. In the era when information is the main strategic resource, there is a growing need for comprehensive spatial information on the location of the sources of renewable energy Meanwhile, innovative information technologies and databases may support the improvement of their efficiency and lead to developing standards for their location, installation or proper service.

Despite the fact that the growing demand for energy cannot be stopped, owners of properties are increasingly paying attention to the level of energy consumption and the energy potential of the real estates at their disposal. Therefore, the aim of the following special edition is to collect the research, the tangible effect of which may be presentation of new tools and methods for measurement and visualization of both the energy potential and consumption of real estates, as well as determination of their impact on the socio-economic environment and individual investment decisions.

Scientists involved in the research on both renewable and non-renewable energy sources are invited to take part in the creation of the following special edition. Moreover, specialists working on the border of the area of energy and in the matters such as surveying, GIS, geoinformatics, remote sensing, geology, environmental protection, economy, law, spatial planning, construction, architecture, urban planning, Smart City, revitalization etc. are also welcome to submit papers.

The aim of the issue is to present proposals for innovative techniques of determination of the energy potential and energy consumption of real estates, as well as interesting applications and well-prepared review articles. Both quantitative and qualitative studies are approvable. Analyses may be conducted from the perspective of individuals, but also those in which the preferences of some interest groups, such as residents, managers, developers, state administration, etc., are visible.

Authors are kindly asked to submit papers concerning, above all:

inventory measurements of the location, dimensions and power of installations related to obtaining energy,
use of GIS tools to assess the energy potential and energy consumption of real estates and the selection of real estates with the desired energy properties,
building databases to collect information related to the energy potential (for example wind cadastre or solar cadastre) and energy consumption of real estates,
statistical analyses of properties of real estates related to their energy potential and energy consumption described in a quantitative manner on the basis of measurable data or specified in surveys,
case studies to determine the energy potential or energy consumption of individual properties or their complexes,
description of proposed new administrative and legal procedures leading to the determination of the energy potential or energy consumption of properties.

Dr. Agnieszka Bieda
Dr. Agnieszka Cienciała
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

databases
cadaster
GIS
energy cost
energy intensity
energy potential
energy security
inventory of energy installation
location of the energy installation
passive house
real estate
renewable energy sources
Resilient City
Smart City
Sustainable City
valuation

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 5061 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Use of Archival Aerial Photos and Images Acquired Using UAV to Reconstruct the Changes of Annual Load of the Suburban Landfill: Case Study of Promnik, Poland

by Maciej Hajdukiewicz

Energies 2023, 16(1), 181; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en16010181 - 24 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 952

Abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate the rate of the changes of the annual volume of the municipal waste deposited in the landfill in Promnik, Poland in the period 2003–2020, and to assess the applicability of archival aerial photos for this kind of survey. The landfill analyzed in this article is the main recipient of garbage from the city of Kielce, with a population of 200,000. That assessment is crucial for municipal waste management planning, bio-gases management, expected use time and reclamation of landfill area. Important issues to consider are how the new legal regulations, in effect from 2012, affected the amount of the municipal waste and the rate of landfill growth. Measurement of the volume changes was conducted using a photogrammetric method on the archival aerial photos from 2003 to 2015 and aerial photos acquired using an unmanned air vehicle in 2020. Reference material was digital elevation model (DEM) of this area, derived from aerial laser scanning performed in 2014. Chamber works on the images were conducted using PCI Orthoengine and Agisoft Metashape software. DEMs of the landfill area were generated, and the volume changes of the dump canopy have been determined between 2003, 2014, 2015 and 2020. Height changes were measured along cross-sections and in probe of 150 random points. A significant decrease in the annual load of the municipal waste after 2014 has been found, from over 70,000 m³ to 50,000 m³, which proves the effectiveness of the regulations introduced in 2012. Bio-gas productivity potential of the bio-active municipal waste layer was also assessed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Potential and Energy Intensity of Real Estates)

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32 pages, 12706 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimising Photovoltaic Farm Location Using a Capabilities Matrix and GIS

by Anna Maria Kowalczyk and Szymon Czyża

Energies 2022, 15(18), 6693; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15186693 - 13 Sep 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1378

Abstract

Renewable energy sources provide an important solution in environmental protection activities and in the process of shaping sustainable development. The search for optimal locations enabling full exploitation of the energy intensity of real estate presents a significant challenge in terms of geoinformation analysis methods in a GIS environment. The aim of the study was to develop a capabilities matrix for the location of photovoltaic farms and, based on this, to compile a map of decision alternatives for these locations. The first stage involved the determination of the spatial features (stimulants and destimulants), which were significant in the context of photovoltaic (PV) farm location. During the analysis, the scope of the necessary data and their sources, which included topographic vector studies, aerial images, and the OpenStreetMap open data, were determined. The next stage was to determine the weights of the features which were significant in the context of photovoltaic (PV) farm location. To this end, the Multicriteria Decision Making (MCDM) method, including the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, was employed. For the verification of the results, the entropy measure was also used. Entropy was calculated based on the diversity of previously identified geospatial features that shape the optimum conditions for their location, based on the photovoltaic farms already existing in Poland. A total of 555 photovoltaic farms were analysed. The next stage assumed the performance of geoinformation analyses using GIS tools and the development of a capabilities matrix for the PV farm location for the selected commune in Poland. The final stage involved the compilation of a PV decision alternative map for the selected commune based on the capabilities matrix. As a result, as an example, a ranking of plots was developed as decision-making alternatives for the municipality of Czarnia located in the northeastern part of Poland. It shows which parcels of land primarily have the dimension of spatial features that are favourable for the location of PV. More than 6900 parcels were analysed, in which 176 presented the highest value of the index of optimal PV location generated using the AHP method. This method provides a basis for further work by identifying optimal locations taking into account existing spatial conditions. The analyses carried out can be an important document in the future for spatial management, in particular for the location of new PV farms. As a continuation of the research, the authors will work on expanding the scope of the analyses and automating the entire process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Potential and Energy Intensity of Real Estates)

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41 pages, 32813 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing Validity of Employing Surveying Methods to Capture Data on Topography to Determine Hydrological and Topographic Parameters Essential for Selecting Locations for the Construction of Small Hydropower Plants

by Anita Kwartnik-Pruc and Aneta Mączyńska

Energies 2022, 15(4), 1527; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15041527 - 18 Feb 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1659

Abstract

Renewable energy sources have begun to arouse interest worldwide. The UN Sustainable Development Agenda has defined access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy as one of its main goals. This paper contains a description of the research on the assessment of the validity of employing surveying methods to capture topographic data in order to select locations suitable for small hydropower plants. For the purpose of this study, a section of a natural watercourse with the surrounding area was measured by means of the photogrammetric method using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and, for comparison, by means of the precise positioning method using the GNSS system with the RTN kinematic technique (GNSS RTN). Publicly available measurement data from airborne laser scanning (LIDAR) were also used for the analyses. In order to assess the accuracy of the methods employed, the discrete data describing the relief were analysed, and then continuous data in raster form were analysed. The analyses were performed with the use of an automatic method of height comparison and analysis of cross-sections on DEM and DSM. In the last stage of the work, the hydrological parameters were analysed, i.e., the slope of the land and the watercourse flow values determined based on the DEM captured from various surveying methods. What is unique about this work is: (1) the use of spatial data with a high resolution acquired from UAVs to search for locations for the construction of small hydroelectric power plants and assessment of their usefulness in this regard; (2) assessment of the accuracy and quality of the hydrological and morphological parameters of the area important for the selection of the location for the construction of small hydropower plants, performed based on spatial data depicting the actual area of the land measured in the field; (3) assessment of the quality of the hydrological modelling necessary to find the location. The performed surveys and analyses allowed for the identification of the advantages and disadvantages of the surveying methods employed to capture data on the topography of land as well as indications of the optimal data source. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Potential and Energy Intensity of Real Estates)

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Review

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34 pages, 108470 KiB

Open AccessReview

Towards a Renewable Energy Source Cadastre—A Review of Examples from around the World

by Agnieszka Bieda and Agnieszka Cienciała

Energies 2021, 14(23), 8095; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14238095 - 03 Dec 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2896

Abstract

In the age of the impending climate crisis, and further forecast ecological catastrophes, humankind has begun to think with growing interest about replacing existing energy sources with renewable ones. An increasing number of people have begun to discuss the need to implement registries that collect information about the energy potential of specific parts of the environment we live in. Additionally, the simultaneous registration of installations used for obtaining energy from alternative sources is desirable. In addition to quantitative attributes, such databases should also contain comprehensive spatial information. Since, in the era of globalization, the creation of such databases ought to be standardized, the purpose of this study is to indicate the directions in which the cadastre of renewable energy sources should be developed by: (i) reviewing the solutions of renewable energy sources that have been described in the scientific literature; (ii) analyzing the content of selected geoportals containing data on renewable energy sources. The literature review was preceded by a detailed bio-metric analysis, whereas the content analysis of the geoportals led to the creation of a flow chart containing a proposal for a renewable energy source cadastre, and a ranking of the analyzed portals. Nevertheless, the conceptual work was limited to the solar cadastre only. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Potential and Energy Intensity of Real Estates)

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