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Resilience, Modeling, and Control of Electrical Power Systems

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F1: Electrical Power System".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 8954

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Ted K. A. Brekken

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Guest Editor

School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
Interests: control; power electronics; electric drives; advanced control techniques applied to renewable energy systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Eduardo Cotilla-Sanchez

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Guest Editor

School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering, Oregon State University, 1148 Kelley Engineering Center, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
Interests: cascading outages in power grids; power system protection, resiliency, and cybersecurity; smart grids and microgrids; wide-area power system data

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Natural and human-made disasters, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, wildfires, and cyberattacks, cost billions in power system infrastructure damage and lost service every year. This Special Issue highlights advances in power system modeling, planning, operations, and control that can predict and mitigate power systems losses due to disasters.

Topics of interest include:

Fragility modeling of power systems assets;
Remedial action and control schemes for maintaining power system stability during and after a disaster;
Power system asset hardening;
Standards for resilience;
Multidomain modeling of power systems for disaster impacts;
Power system planning and restoration for improved resilience;
Reconnaissance and case studies of disaster impacts to the power system;
Artificial intelligence applications in power system resilience and cyber security;
Microgrids and resilience.

Prof. Dr. Ted K. A. Brekken
Prof. Dr. Eduardo Cotilla-Sanchez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Resilience
Earthquake
Fire
Disaster
Power systems
State estimation
High-voltage DC
Cybersecurity

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 4744 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Toward Models of Impact and Recovery of the US Western Grid from Earthquake Events

by Riley Weinmann, Eduardo Cotilla-Sanchez and Ted K. A. Brekken

Energies 2022, 15(24), 9275; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15249275 - 07 Dec 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1158

Abstract

A Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) earthquake will cause widespread damage to numerous lifelines and infrastructure along the northern US west coast. The goal of the presented research is to provide a bottom up estimate of the impact on and subsequent recovery of a Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquake on the US western grid to supplement and enhance the expert opinion estimates provided to date. The scope is limited to only consideration of shaking damage to utility substation equipment components of a power system model. The analysis utilizes probabilistic models of damage and recovery for substation power system assets, along with graph techniques for modeling connectivity, and Monte Carlo quasi steady state power flow solutions. The results show that a conservative estimate of the initial damage and loss of load is approximately 4000 MW, with a recovery estimate of 230 days. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resilience, Modeling, and Control of Electrical Power Systems)

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17 pages, 3694 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Data-Driven Framework for FDI Attack Detection and Mitigation in DC Microgrids

by Amir Basati, Josep M. Guerrero, Juan C. Vasquez, Najmeh Bazmohammadi and Saeed Golestan

Energies 2022, 15(22), 8539; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15228539 - 15 Nov 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1943

Abstract

This paper proposes a Data-Driven (DD) framework for the real-time monitoring, detection, and mitigation of False Data Injection (FDI) attacks in DC Microgrids (DCMGs). A supervised algorithm is adopted in this framework to continuously estimate the output voltage and current for all Distributed Generators (DGs) with acceptable accuracy. Accordingly, among the various evaluated supervised DD algorithms, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFISs) are utilized because of their low computational burden, efficiency in operation, and simplicity in design and implementation in a distributed control system. The proposed framework is based on the residual analysis of the generated error signal between the estimated and actual sensed signals. The proposed framework detects and mitigates the cyber-attack depending on trends in generated error signals. Moreover, by applying Online Change Point Detection (OCPD), the need for a static user-defined threshold for the residual analysis of the generated error signal is dispelled. Finally, the proposed method is validated in a MATLAB/Simulink testbed, considering the resilience, effectiveness, accuracy, and robustness of multiple case study scenarios. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resilience, Modeling, and Control of Electrical Power Systems)

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17 pages, 930 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Resiliency Improvement of an AC/DC Power Grid with Embedded LCC-HVDC Using Robust Power System State Estimation

by Abdulwahab A. Aljabrine, Abdallah A. Smadi, Yacine Chakhchoukh, Brian K. Johnson and Hangtian Lei

Energies 2021, 14(23), 7847; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14237847 - 23 Nov 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1560

Abstract

The growth of renewable energy generation in the power grid brings attention to high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission as a valuable solution for stabilizing the system. Robust hybrid power system state estimation could enhance the resilience of the control of these systems. This paper proposes a two-stage, highly robust least-trimmed squares (LTS)-based estimator. The first step combines the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) measurements using the robust LTS-based estimator. The second step merges the obtained state results with the available phasor measurement units (PMUs) measurements using a robust Huber M-estimator. The proposed robust LTS-based estimator shows good performance in the presence of Gaussian measurement noise. The proposed estimator is shown to resist and correct the effect of false data injection (FDI) attacks and random errors on the measurement vector and the Jacobian matrix. The state estimation (SE) is executed on a modified version of the CIGRE bipole LCC-HVDC benchmark model integrated into the IEEE 12-bus AC dynamic test system. The obtained simulation results confirm the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed two-stage LTS-based SE. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resilience, Modeling, and Control of Electrical Power Systems)

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19 pages, 6807 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Method for Determining the Impact of Ambient Temperature on an Electrical Cable during a Fire

by Bogdan Perka and Karol Piwowarski

Energies 2021, 14(21), 7260; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14217260 - 03 Nov 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1680

Abstract

Evaluating environmental conditions that trigger fire-fighting equipment is one of the primary design tasks that have to be taken into account when engineering electrical systems supplying such devices. All of the solutions are aimed at, among others, preserving environmental parameters in a building being on fire for an assumed time and at a level enabling safe evacuation. These parameters include temperature, thermal radiation, visibility range, oxygen concentration, and environmental toxicity. This article presents a new mathematical model for heat exchange between the environment and an electric cable under thermal conditions exceeding permissible values for commonly used non-flammable installation cables. The method of analogy between thermal and electrical systems was adopted for modelling heat flow. Determining how the thermal conductivity of the cable and the thermal capacity of a conductor-insulation system can be applied to calculate the wire temperature depending on the heating time t and distance x from the heat source is discussed. Thermal conductivity and capacity were determined based on experimental tests for halogen-free flame-retardant (HFFR) cables with wire cross-sections of 2.5, 4.0, and 6.0 mm². The conducted experimental tests enable verifying the results calculated by the mathematical model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resilience, Modeling, and Control of Electrical Power Systems)

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Other

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14 pages, 115237 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Voltage Profiles Improvement in a Power Network with PV Energy Sources—Results of a Voltage Regulator Implementation

by Agata Szultka, Seweryn Szultka, Stanislaw Czapp, Robert Karolak, Marcin Andrzejewski, Jacek Kapitaniak, Marcin Kulling and Jan Bonk

Energies 2022, 15(3), 723; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15030723 - 19 Jan 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1532

Abstract

The constant increase in the number of photovoltaic (PV) energy sources in distribution networks is the cause of serious voltage problems. The networks built at least a dozen years ago are not provided for the installation of a large number of micro-sources. It happens that the previously properly functioning power networks are not able to provide to consumers power with the required parameters, after installing many PV sources. The problem relates especially to the level of voltage in the networks. This phenomenon sometimes occurs on sunny days, especially in summer. This paper discusses the use of a Low-Voltage Regulator (LVR-sys) in a selected rural distribution network with PV micro-sources. Measured voltage levels in this network, before application and after application of this regulator, are presented. The application of the regulator significantly improved voltage levels in the network and enabled these levels to be maintained within the normative range. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resilience, Modeling, and Control of Electrical Power Systems)

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