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Thermal Processes in Piston, Turbine and Rocket Engines

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "J: Thermal Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 February 2022) | Viewed by 3824

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Institute of Heat Engineering, Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 21/25, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: Jan Kindracki has experience in working with aerospace and detonation propulsion projects. This includes design and testing different components and subsystems for aerospace engines: cold gas, resistojet, monopropellant, bipropellant thruster, RDE rocket thruster, RDE air-breathing engine at the laboratory level. He was a main engineer and manager in national and international projects related to propulsion systems. He is the author of numerous publications in the rotating detonation science area.

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The thermal processes in different kinds of engines are a key element to improve performance and decrease emissions of harmful gases. Despite strong efforts to limit fossil fuel consumption by replacing combustion propulsion systems with electrical ones, there is still space for highly efficient and ecofriendly thermal engines. Engines thermal processes involve combustion phenomena, both in deflagration and detonation mode, heating of working medium using different methods or energy sources, as well as thermal stabilization of engine elements—e.g. combustion chamber cooling. In the case of piston engines, efforts should be made for the proper preparation of combustible mixture or design for multi fuels. In turbine engines, the work cycle is modified to improve the compression process—inter-stage cooling or chambers based on the lean mixture combustion process are proposed. Hybrid propulsion for aircraft is also an important trend in jet engine development. In the case of rocket thrusters, great attention has been focused on non-chemical, electric propulsion where enthalpy of working gas is increased by the energy taken from an electrical source, transformed into heat inside the chamber. All these issues are the subject of constant investigation by many researchers all over the world, to make thermal processes as efficient as possible and decrease the operating costs and environmental impact.

Prof. Dr. Jan Kindracki
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Injection and mixing liquid fuel
  • Deflagration
  • Detonation
  • Lean combustion
  • Electric rocket thruster

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2879 KiB  
Article
Experimental Research on Detonation Cell Size of a Purified Biogas-Oxygen Mixture
by Stanislaw Siatkowski, Krzysztof Wacko and Jan Kindracki
Energies 2021, 14(20), 6605; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14206605 - 13 Oct 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1510
Abstract
Interest in alternative and renewable energy sources has risen significantly in recent years. Biogas is a prime example of a promising, alternative fuel that might be a possible replacement for fossil fuels. It is a mixture consisting mainly of CH4 and CO [...] Read more.
Interest in alternative and renewable energy sources has risen significantly in recent years. Biogas is a prime example of a promising, alternative fuel that might be a possible replacement for fossil fuels. It is a mixture consisting mainly of CH4 and CO2 with various additions. Biogas is easily storable and as such is a more reliable and stable source of energy than solar and wind sources, which suffer from unreliability due to their dependence on weather conditions. In this paper, the authors report experimental results of detonation of a biogas-oxygen mixture. The composition of the biogas was 70% CH4 + 30% CO2 and the experiments were carried out for a range of equivalence ratios (Φ = 0.5 ÷ 1.5) and initial pressures (0.6 ÷ 1.6 bar). The aim of the research was to analyze the cellular structure of detonation. The soot foil technique was used to determine the width of the detonation cells (λ). The conducted experiments and subsequent analysis of the detonation cell size confirm that both the increase in the initial pressure of the mixture or move away from stoichiometric (Φ = 1) composition is accompanied by a decrease in the width of the detonation cell. The authors also argue that due to the unstable cellular structure of the detonation, it is insufficient to report only the average cell size. Instead, the researchers propose more detailed statistical description assured values. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Processes in Piston, Turbine and Rocket Engines)
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23 pages, 11440 KiB  
Article
Liquid Propane Injection in Flash-Boiling Conditions
by Łukasz Jan Kapusta, Jakub Bachanek, Changzhao Jiang, Jakub Piaszyk, Hongming Xu and Mirosław Lech Wyszyński
Energies 2021, 14(19), 6257; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14196257 - 01 Oct 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1673
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the influence of flash-boiling conditions on liquid propane sprays formed by a multi-hole injector at various injection pressures. The focus was on spray structures, which were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively by means of spray-tip penetration and global spray [...] Read more.
This study aimed to investigate the influence of flash-boiling conditions on liquid propane sprays formed by a multi-hole injector at various injection pressures. The focus was on spray structures, which were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively by means of spray-tip penetration and global spray angle. The effect of flash boiling was evaluated in terms of trends observed for subcooled conditions. Propane was injected by a commercial gasoline direct injector into a constant volume vessel filled with nitrogen at pressures from 0.1 MPa up to 6 MPa. The temperature of the injected liquid was kept constant. The evolution of the spray penetration was observed by a high-speed camera with a Schlieren set-up. The obtained results provided information on the spray evolution in both regimes, above and below the saturation pressure of the propane. Based on the experimental results, an attempt to calibrate a simulation model has been made. The main advantage of the study is that the effects of injection pressure on the formation of propane sprays were investigated for both subcooled and flash-boiling conditions. Moreover, the impact of the changing viscosity and surface tension was limited, as the temperature of the injected liquid was kept at the same level. The results showed that despite very different spray behaviours in the subcooled and flash-boiling regimes, leading to different spray structures and a spray collapse for strong flash boiling, the influence of injection pressure on propane sprays in terms of spray-tip penetration and spray angle is very similar for both conditions, subcooled and flash boiling. As for the numerical model, there were no single model settings to simulate the flashing sprays properly. Moreover, the spray collapse was not represented very well, making the simulation set-up more suitable for less superheated sprays. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Processes in Piston, Turbine and Rocket Engines)
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