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Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) 2021

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A: Sustainable Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2022) | Viewed by 13027

Special Issue Editors

Medical School, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Avenue, Nicosia CY-2417, Cyprus
Interests: medical physics; fluid dynamics; heat transfer; machine learning; engineering science; emerging technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Harrison Building, Streatham Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK
Interests: theory and application of CFD; turbulence simulation; code design, image-based meshing, and applications in wave-structure and fluid-structure interaction, sustainable urban drainage and additive manufacture; optimisation and surrogate modelling using machine learning with CFD, acoustics, multispecies and multiphase flows
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is the solution of the Euler or Navier–Stokes Equations, and of equations derived from these, numerically in 2- and 3-dimensions. Major advances have been made in the subject over the last four decades, and these, coupled with a constant increase in computing power, have led to CFD finding applications across almost all areas of engineering and science. Disciplines related to energy generation, such as combustion, fusion, and tidal and wind energy generation have all benefited from the application of CFD.

We are now able to accurately solve the basic equations of motion for fluids and plasmas, together with accurate modelling of turbulence, and other physical effects such as heat transfer, reaction, combustion and radiation. This can be used to probe the fundamental science behind energy generation and, since the calculations can be carried out on appropriately realistic geometries, also provide valuable inputs into the design process, including optimisation using a range of novel methods such as adjoint optimisation and machine learning. With the new technologies of cloud and exascale computing becoming available, there seems to be every likelihood that computing power will continue to increase over the next couple of decades at least, and thus that CFD will continue to play an increasing part in the development of these subjects.

Following on from the highly successful first Special Issue of the journal Energies, which featured 21 contributed and invited papers covering all aspects of CFD applied to the areas of energy generation, we are inviting fresh contributions for a second Special Issue in the same area. This will feature original research in all areas of energy research, including but not limited to combustion, aeronautical and aerospace energy systems; heat exchangers; renewable energy sources; fusion technologies; and fundamental advances in CFD applied to these areas. The journal Energies is an SSCI and SCIE journal with IF 2.707 (2018). Papers selected for this Special Issue will undergo rigorous peer review with the aim of rapid and wide dissemination of research results, developments and applications.

We are writing to invite you to submit your original work to this Special Issue. We look forward to receiving your outstanding research.

Prof. Dr. Dimitris Drikakis
rof. Dr. Gavin Tabor
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Computational fluid dynamics
  • Combustion
  • Aerospace systems
  • SI and DI engines
  • Wind energy
  • Tidal energy
  • Fusion
  • Heat exchangers
  • Multiphysics processes

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 3945 KiB  
Article
Natural Ventilation and Aerosol Particles Dispersion Indoors
by Talib Dbouk and Dimitris Drikakis
Energies 2022, 15(14), 5101; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15145101 - 13 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1361
Abstract
Aerosol pollutant particles indoors significantly affect public health. The conventional wisdom is that natural ventilation will alleviate the dispersion of airborne or aerosol particles. However, we show that the problem is far more complex and that natural ventilation should be applied under specific [...] Read more.
Aerosol pollutant particles indoors significantly affect public health. The conventional wisdom is that natural ventilation will alleviate the dispersion of airborne or aerosol particles. However, we show that the problem is far more complex and that natural ventilation should be applied under specific conditions to be effective. We performed several simulations of a simplified (and easily reproducible) room with a window opening and aerosol particles stratified layers. Opening a window can scatter particles present in stratified layers indoors and potentially contribute to the degradation of indoor air quality for a significant period of time. Moreover, we show that thermal instabilities arising from the temperature gradients due to temperature differences between the indoor and outdoor environment spread the particles randomly indoors, adversely affecting air quality and architectural design. Recommendations for more efficient natural ventilation minimizing aerosol pollutant particles dispersed indoors are provided. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) 2021)
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19 pages, 14175 KiB  
Article
Numerical Analysis of Electrohydrodynamic Flow in a Circular Cylindrical Conduit by Using Neuro Evolutionary Technique
by Naveed Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Sulaiman, Carlos Andrés Tavera Romero and Fawaz Khaled Alarfaj
Energies 2021, 14(22), 7774; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14227774 - 19 Nov 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1748
Abstract
This paper analyzes the mathematical model of electrohydrodynamic (EHD) fluid flow in a circular cylindrical conduit with an ion drag configuration. The phenomenon was modelled as a nonlinear differential equation. Furthermore, an application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) with a generalized normal distribution [...] Read more.
This paper analyzes the mathematical model of electrohydrodynamic (EHD) fluid flow in a circular cylindrical conduit with an ion drag configuration. The phenomenon was modelled as a nonlinear differential equation. Furthermore, an application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) with a generalized normal distribution optimization algorithm (GNDO) and sequential quadratic programming (SQP) were utilized to suggest approximate solutions for the velocity, displacements, and acceleration profiles of the fluid by varying the Hartmann electric number (Ha2) and the strength of nonlinearity (α). ANNs were used to model the fitness function for the governing equation in terms of mean square error (MSE), which was further optimized initially by GNDO to exploit the global search. Then SQP was implemented to complement its local convergence. Numerical solutions obtained by the design scheme were compared with RK-4, the least square method (LSM), and the orthonormal Bernstein collocation method (OBCM). Stability, convergence, and robustness of the proposed algorithm were endorsed by the statistics and analysis on results of absolute errors, mean absolute deviation (MAD), Theil’s inequality coefficient (TIC), and error in Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (ENSE). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) 2021)
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15 pages, 6815 KiB  
Article
Numerical Study on the Effect of the Pipe Groove Height and Pitch on the Flow Characteristics of Corrugated Pipe
by Ki-Bea Hong, Dong-Woo Kim, Jihyun Kwark, Jun-Seok Nam and Hong-Sun Ryou
Energies 2021, 14(9), 2614; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14092614 - 02 May 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2062
Abstract
For corrugated pipes with a square groove, it is known that there is no interaction between the main flow and groove flow when the aspect ratio is less than four. When the groove length and height are different, the interaction occurs in the [...] Read more.
For corrugated pipes with a square groove, it is known that there is no interaction between the main flow and groove flow when the aspect ratio is less than four. When the groove length and height are different, the interaction occurs in the pipe. In previous studies, it was investigated whether this interaction is dependent on groove length. However, when changing the groove height, the shape of the vortex generated inside the groove changes, which may cause the interaction to occur. Therefore, in this paper the interaction between the main and groove flow of corrugated pipes is investigated when changing both groove height as well as groove pitch, corresponding to an aspect ratio of less than four. For the groove height, the flow out of the groove after impingement changes with the shape of the secondary vortex in the groove. This flow deforms the velocity distribution in the main flow, and thus the friction factor is different. For the groove pitch, there is no difference in v-velocity distribution at the interface at the 5th and 20th groove. This means there is no interaction between the grooves, and, the friction factor differs as the number of grooves differs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) 2021)
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16 pages, 8396 KiB  
Article
Enclosure Design for Brake Wear Particle Measurement Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
by Tuo Zhang, Sungjin Choi, Seoyeon Ahn, Chanhyuk Nam and Geesoo Lee
Energies 2021, 14(9), 2356; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14092356 - 21 Apr 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1939
Abstract
The harmfulness of fine dust generated by automobile brakes to the environment has recently received attention. Therefore, we aimed to analyze and regulate the brake wear particles in dynamometers. To accurately measure the number of particles and particle mass, the sampling system used [...] Read more.
The harmfulness of fine dust generated by automobile brakes to the environment has recently received attention. Therefore, we aimed to analyze and regulate the brake wear particles in dynamometers. To accurately measure the number of particles and particle mass, the sampling system used needs to minimize transportation losses and reduce the residence time in the brake enclosure system. The brake dust measurement system currently used can estimate the main transportation loss but cannot evaluate the complex flow field in the brake enclosure system under different design conditions. We used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology to predict the behavior of brake wear particles and analyze the static pressure characteristics, the uniformity of the system flow, and the residence time of the brake dust particles in the system. In addition, we compared the design of the basic structure of the brake enclosure system, combined with the four factors affecting the design of the brake dynamometer, with the enclosure system. As a result, we proposed that the design of the cross section of the brake dynamometer enclosure should be circular, the outlet angle of the enclosure should be 15°, the caliper should be fixed to 150°, and two sets of splitters should be added. This design improves pressure loss and reduces the residence time of brake dust particles in the brake enclosure system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) 2021)
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28 pages, 10413 KiB  
Article
CFD Simulations of Allothermal Steam Gasification Process for Hydrogen Production
by Tomasz Janoszek and Wojciech Masny
Energies 2021, 14(6), 1532; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14061532 - 10 Mar 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1871
Abstract
The article presents an experimental laboratory setup used for the empirical determination of the gasification of coal samples in the form of solid rock, cut out in the form of a cylinder. An experimental laboratory set enabled a series of experiments carried out [...] Read more.
The article presents an experimental laboratory setup used for the empirical determination of the gasification of coal samples in the form of solid rock, cut out in the form of a cylinder. An experimental laboratory set enabled a series of experiments carried out at 700 °C with steam as the gasification agent. The samples were prepared from the coal seam, the use of which can be planned in future underground and ground gasification experiments. The result of the conducted coal gasification process, using steam as the gasification agent, was the syngas, including hydrogen (H2) with a concentration between 46% and 58%, carbon dioxide (CO2) with a concentration between 13% and 17%, carbon monoxide (CO) with a concentration between 7% and 11.5%, and methane(CH4) with a concentration between 9.6% and 20.1%.The results from the ex-situ experiments were compared with the results of numerical simulations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods. A three-dimensional numerical model for the coal gasification process was developed using Ansys-Fluent software to simulate an ex-situ allothermal coal gasification experiment using low-moisture content hard coal under atmospheric conditions. In the numerical model, the mass exchange (flow of the gasification agent), the turbulence description model, heat exchange, the method of simulating the chemical reactions, and the method of mapping the porosity medium were included. Using the construction data of an experimental laboratory set, a numerical model was developed and its discretization (development of a numerical grid, based on which calculations are made) was carried out. Tip on the reactor, supply method, and parameters maintained during the gasification process were used to define the numerical model in the Ansys-Fluent code. A part of the data were supplemented on the basis of literature sources. Where necessary, the literature parameters were converted to the conditions corresponding to the experiment, which were carried out. After performing the calculations, the obtained results were compared with the available experimental data. The experimental and the simulated results were in good agreement, showing a similar tendency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) 2021)
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20 pages, 13573 KiB  
Article
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations for Investigation of the Damage Causes in Safety Elements of Powered Roof Supports—A Case Study
by Janina Świątek, Tomasz Janoszek, Tomasz Cichy and Kazimierz Stoiński
Energies 2021, 14(4), 1027; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14041027 - 16 Feb 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 1918
Abstract
The paper describes a case study of the safety hydraulic system damage in the working of a longwall in a Polish coal mine. The safety elements are a component of the powered roof supports which secure the shield against damage during rock burst [...] Read more.
The paper describes a case study of the safety hydraulic system damage in the working of a longwall in a Polish coal mine. The safety elements are a component of the powered roof supports which secure the shield against damage during rock burst incidents. The damage event, which occurred in the hydraulic system during the mining process, caused the uncontrolled lowering of the powered roof support height during the mining process. The uncontrolled lowering of a shield may cause the danger of the loss of the stability along the longwall working in the form of a rock burst and collapses and may represent a serious and immediate danger to the safety and health of employees. Based on the results of the computational fluid dynamics methods (CFD) analysis of the safety elements in the hydraulic system of longwall 2-leg shield, the causes of damage were diagnosed and presented. The CFD and the strength analysis by the finite element method (FEM) were used for numerical modeling. The diagrams and maps of changes of parameters having an impact on the damage mechanism in safety elements of the hydraulic leg were developed based on the results of model tests. The forecasted values of stress distributions in the safety system of the hydraulic leg have made it possible to identify the reasons of the damage causes, verified by real observations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) 2021)
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