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Digitalisation of Power System Sector – Emphasis on Protection and Control and Security

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F1: Electrical Power System".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 January 2022) | Viewed by 11110

Special Issue Editor

Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Interests: protection and control of electrical power systems; resilient power networks; large-scale intermittent renewable energy sources; smart grids
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The implications of the global sanitary-economic crisis, combined with society demands for environmental protection, a low-carbon economy, and sustainable development are provoking unprecedented uncertain and unstable times. In response to this scenario, the energy sector has to be able to provide more secure and high-quality energy supply to customers and to continue to integrate renewable generation, electric vehicles, and storage. An integrated grid needs to be sufficiently intelligent and flexible to operate reliably with intermittent generation technologies and simultaneously address challenges like reliability, security, cost, and environment.

The development of modern science and technology promoted the development of digital technology in areas such as materials, components, and the manufacturing process of the hardware structure of device and infrastructures. At the same time, significant theoretical progress has been made in the software, algorithms, and communications. Thus, due to these developments, the acceptance and level of technologies have advanced quickly. Nonetheless, the broad deployment of digital power systems still has several obstacles to be addressed, such as concerns about making the power systems resilient, dependable, and secure, as well as issues of ease of replacement and transition. However, digitalisation of power systems provides an opportunity for further developments and innovation of protection and control.

Dr. Helder Leite
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Grid Modernization & Digital Electrical Utilities
  • Architecture needs and Information sharing
  • Converter-based Renewable Energy penetration
  • Power System Protection, Automation and Control
  • Protocols

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3301 KiB  
Article
Virtual Digital Substation Test System and Interoperability Assessments
by Linwei Chen, Haiyu Li, Thomas Charton and Ray Zhang
Energies 2021, 14(8), 2337; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14082337 - 20 Apr 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3108
Abstract
Interoperability testing and analysis tools provide a means for achieving and assuring the integrity of multivendor intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) data exchanges. However, the testing and analysis are very time consuming and error prone, and these problems worsen when a substation becomes large [...] Read more.
Interoperability testing and analysis tools provide a means for achieving and assuring the integrity of multivendor intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) data exchanges. However, the testing and analysis are very time consuming and error prone, and these problems worsen when a substation becomes large and complex during the engineering process, commission, replacement, maintenance, and extension. To address this challenge, this paper presents a virtual digital substation test system (VDSTS) with interoperability analysis tools for assessing and identifying the engineering challenges for the multiple-vendors digital substation. This VDSTS consists of three parts: (i) A virtual digital substation modelling for generating real-time digital substation primary plant operation and fault conditions, (ii) a standard IEC 61850-based substation protection, automation, and control (PAC) system architecture with multivendor IEDs and bay solutions, and (iii) multivendor Substation Configuration description Language (SCL) tools and in-house built data visualisation tool. The study focuses on the interoperability testing of sampled values (SV), generic object-oriented substation events (GOOSE), and manufacturing message specification (MMS) communication services, as defined in IEC 61850. The main issues identified are compatibility issues of SCL tools, protocol implementation issues, different information models, and application limitations. The outcomes will help utilities to reduce the risks associated with the general rollout of digital substations. Full article
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25 pages, 2688 KiB  
Article
Communication Requirements for a Hybrid VSC Based HVDC/AC Transmission Networks State Estimation
by Motaz Ayiad, Emily Maggioli, Helder Leite and Hugo Martins
Energies 2021, 14(4), 1087; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14041087 - 19 Feb 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4558
Abstract
The communication infrastructure of the modern Supervisory, Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system continues to enlarge, as hybrid High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)/Alternating Current (AC) networks emerge. A centralized SCADA faces challenges to meet the time requirements of the two different power networks [...] Read more.
The communication infrastructure of the modern Supervisory, Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system continues to enlarge, as hybrid High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)/Alternating Current (AC) networks emerge. A centralized SCADA faces challenges to meet the time requirements of the two different power networks topologies, such as employing the SCADA toolboxes for both grids. This paper presents the modern communication infrastructure and the time requirements of a centralized SCADA for hybrid HVDC/AC network. In addition, a case study of a complete cycle for a unified Weighted Least Squares (WLS) state estimation is tested on a hybrid HVDC/AC transmission network, based on Voltage Source Converter (VSC). The cycle estimates the elapsed times from the sensors up to the SCADA side, including the data acquisition and the WLS processing times. The case study is carried out on the Cigre B4 DC test case network with 43 virtual Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)s installed and 10 data concentrators, all connected through a fiber-based communication network. It is concluded that the time requirements can be fulfilled for a hybrid HVDC/AC network. Full article
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Review

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30 pages, 4291 KiB  
Review
A Survey of Islanding Detection Methods for Microgrids and Assessment of Non-Detection Zones in Comparison with Grid Codes
by José Antonio Cebollero, David Cañete, Susana Martín-Arroyo, Miguel García-Gracia and Helder Leite
Energies 2022, 15(2), 460; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15020460 - 10 Jan 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2391
Abstract
Detection of unintentional islanding is critical in microgrids in order to guarantee personal safety and avoid equipment damage. Most islanding detection techniques are based on monitoring and detecting abnormalities in magnitudes such as frequency, voltage, current and power. However, in normal operation, the [...] Read more.
Detection of unintentional islanding is critical in microgrids in order to guarantee personal safety and avoid equipment damage. Most islanding detection techniques are based on monitoring and detecting abnormalities in magnitudes such as frequency, voltage, current and power. However, in normal operation, the utility grid has fluctuations in voltage and frequency, and grid codes establish that local generators must remain connected if deviations from the nominal values do not exceed the defined thresholds and ramps. This means that islanding detection methods could not detect islanding if there are fluctuations that do not exceed the grid code requirements, known as the non-detection zone (NDZ). A survey on the benefits of islanding detection techniques is provided, showing the advantages and disadvantages of each one. NDZs size of the most common passive islanding detection methods are calculated and obtained by simulation and compared with the limits obtained by ENTSO-E and islanding standards in the function of grid codes requirements in order to compare the effectiveness of different techniques and the suitability of each one. Full article
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