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Energies
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Electric Vehicle Charging Technologies and Trends
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Electric Vehicle Charging Technologies and Trends

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "E: Electric Vehicles".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2022) | Viewed by 11591

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mostafa Shaaban

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
Interests: reliability and security of the power systems; energy management systems; microgrids; smart grids; planning and operation of renewable resources; electric vehicles and storage systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Ahmed Osman

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
Interests: power systems; power system protection; smart grids; electric vehicles
Dr. Hatem Faiz Sindi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80204, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Interests: renewable energy; integration; AI applications in energy engineering, microgrids, planning, operation, transportation electrification

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electric vehicles (EVs) have the potential to help achieve to global climate change targets by reducing greenhouse gases and carbon emissions. EVs, on the other hand, require adequate charging infrastructure. The EV-charging infrastructure is part of the power grid system, and it affects it significantly. EV charging innovations are a key component in order to coordinate the entire system in terms of operations, resource management, planning, grid ancillary services, and security.

In this regard, innovation and trends in charging technology are the main core of this transition. One of these innovations is the mobile charging service (MCS) that can offer EV charging at any time or location requested. Additionally, some technologies are designed to tackle the issue of the long EV charging times, such as fast charging stations (FCS) and battery swapping stations (BSS). Furthermore, dynamic wireless charging (DWC) is one of these innovations that enable power exchange between the grid and the EV while the EV is moving.

This Special Issue mainly focuses on new trends in EV charging technologies, including demonstration, regulation, standards, and social influences. We invite original papers on any of the following topics, but are not limited to:

  • Operational, planning, market, and policy issues related to:
    • Mobile charging service;
    •  Fast charging stations;
    • Battery swapping stations;
    • Dynamic wireless charging.
  • Grid support services utilizing these charging technologies.
  • Cost–benefit analysis for various charging infrastructures.

Dr. Mostafa Shaaban
Prof. Dr. Ahmed Osman
Dr. Hatem Faiz Sindi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 11497 KiB  
Article
Reliability Assessment under High Penetration of EVs including V2G Strategy
by Mohamed Mokhtar, Mostafa F. Shaaban, Mahmoud H. Ismail, Hatem F. Sindi and Muhyaddin Rawa
Energies 2022, 15(4), 1585; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15041585 - 21 Feb 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1628
Abstract
With the increase in the penetration of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) all over the world, utilities should start considering their increased demand as part of their electric demand. Generally, the literature lacks works that consider the impact of transportation electrification on the reliability [...] Read more.
With the increase in the penetration of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) all over the world, utilities should start considering their increased demand as part of their electric demand. Generally, the literature lacks works that consider the impact of transportation electrification on the reliability of the power system. Thus, this paper proposes a new mechanism for reliability assessment including BEVs, with both grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) modes. Three charging strategies: uncontrolled, controlled unidirectional, and controlled bidirectional are considered in this paper to model the interactions between the transportation and electric power systems. A dynamic stochastic consumption model for a fleet of BEVs is developed to be used in the reliability assessment for the distribution networks. This dynamic model takes into consideration the variability and uncertainty of different trip purposes, starting and ending trip times, as well as the corresponding battery consumption in weather conditions. Furthermore, it is composed of two sequential submodels: travel behavior and battery depletion. The first submodel considers trip-related information while the second considers battery-depleted energy. Simulation results on a benchmark test system show the negative impacts of uncontrolled charging on the power system’s reliability. However, they also show that controlled charging can significantly reduce or mitigate these impacts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Vehicle Charging Technologies and Trends)
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Review

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20 pages, 4814 KiB  
Review
Medium-Voltage DC-DC Converter Topologies for Electric Bus Fast Charging Stations: State-of-the-Art Review
by Mena ElMenshawy and Ahmed Massoud
Energies 2022, 15(15), 5487; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15155487 - 28 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2270
Abstract
With the expansion of E-mobility technology, the demand for Medium-Voltage (MV) Electric Buses (E-buses) charging infrastructure has significantly increased. In this regard, the effective connection of E-bus chargers to a medium voltage power grid is essential to provide fast charging and carry out [...] Read more.
With the expansion of E-mobility technology, the demand for Medium-Voltage (MV) Electric Buses (E-buses) charging infrastructure has significantly increased. In this regard, the effective connection of E-bus chargers to a medium voltage power grid is essential to provide fast charging and carry out multiple charging processes simultaneously. One of the main building blocks for E-bus charging is the DC-DC converter stage responsible for regulating the power flow and matching the different voltage and power levels. Accordingly, this paper presents a comprehensive review of DC-DC converter topologies applicable to MV E-bus fast charging. This review discusses and compares the basic isolated DC-DC converter topologies. In addition, the DC-DC converters are classified based on their conversion stages. Moreover, isolated DC-DC converter topologies applicable for MV E-bus fast charging applications, including Dual Active Bridge (DAB) modular-based structure converter and Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC)-based DAB, are discussed where the merits and demerits of each topology are highlighted. Moreover, this review illustrates how DAB converters are employed in different power level applications through the multimodule converter or the MMC-based DAB structure. Furthermore, the challenges and required features for MV DC-DC converter topologies are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Vehicle Charging Technologies and Trends)
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24 pages, 7837 KiB  
Review
Inductive Power Transfer for Electric Vehicle Charging Applications: A Comprehensive Review
by Emrullah Aydin, Mehmet Timur Aydemir, Ahmet Aksoz, Mohamed El Baghdadi and Omar Hegazy
Energies 2022, 15(14), 4962; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15144962 - 06 Jul 2022
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 4795
Abstract
Nowadays, Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology is receiving more attention in the automotive sector, introducing a safe, flexible and promising alternative to the standard battery chargers. Considering these advantages, charging electric vehicle (EV) batteries using the WPT method can be an important alternative [...] Read more.
Nowadays, Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology is receiving more attention in the automotive sector, introducing a safe, flexible and promising alternative to the standard battery chargers. Considering these advantages, charging electric vehicle (EV) batteries using the WPT method can be an important alternative to plug-in charging systems. This paper focuses on the Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) method, which is based on the magnetic coupling of coils exchanging power from a stationary primary unit to a secondary system onboard the EV. A comprehensive review has been performed on the history of the evolution, working principles and phenomena, design considerations, control methods and health issues of IPT systems, especially those based on EV charging. In particular, the coil design, operating frequency selection, efficiency values and the preferred compensation topologies in the literature have been discussed. The published guidelines and reports that have studied the effects of WPT systems on human health are also given. In addition, suggested methods in the literature for protection from exposure are discussed. The control section gives the common charging control techniques and focuses on the constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) approach, which is usually used for EV battery chargers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Vehicle Charging Technologies and Trends)
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24 pages, 3667 KiB  
Review
Pre-Normative Charging Technology Roadmap for Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicles in Europe
by Mehrnaz Farzam Far, Mikko Pihlatie, Marko Paakkinen, Marko Antila and Aida Abdulah
Energies 2022, 15(7), 2312; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15072312 - 22 Mar 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2236
Abstract
This paper presents a pre-normative roadmap that foresees the developments in the charging of heavy-duty electric vehicles (HD-EVs). It supports and facilitates the future standardization efforts of charging technologies by creating an overview of the popularity of charging technologies and the end users’ [...] Read more.
This paper presents a pre-normative roadmap that foresees the developments in the charging of heavy-duty electric vehicles (HD-EVs). It supports and facilitates the future standardization efforts of charging technologies by creating an overview of the popularity of charging technologies and the end users’ needs. The required input for the work was collected using a comprehensive investigation on the available charging technologies and their standardization, reviewing the existing roadmaps and research work, and conducting surveys and interviews of end users and technical stakeholders. According to the findings, a pantograph on the roof of a vehicle and plug-based charging are currently the most used charging interfaces. This trend is likely to continue in the future, since (1) pantographs on vehicle roofs, (2) pantographs on infrastructure, and (3) plugs were graded as charging interfaces with the highest potential by the participants of the technical survey. Static and conductive charging technologies show more potential than dynamic and wireless charging technologies. Nevertheless, inductive charging may be a future charging solution for HD-EVs if the current bottlenecks in the technology can be addressed. These bottlenecks include high prices, slightly lower efficiency, lack of standardization, the maximum achievable power, and safety concerns. Furthermore, interoperability was repeatedly mentioned as the main challenge for today’s charging technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Vehicle Charging Technologies and Trends)
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