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Energies
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Electricity Market Reform and Deregulation
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Electricity Market Reform and Deregulation

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "C: Energy Economics and Policy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 January 2023) | Viewed by 9503

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mohsen Banaei

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
Interests: power systems operation; electricity markets; optimization; energy flexibility; renewable energies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The electricity market concept can apply to any marketplace for trading electricity such as day-ahead, intraday, and ancillary services markets. Various changes in power system operations, such as increases in the share of renewable energy resources and distributed generation on the supply side and implementation of energy management systems in building levels and increasing the flexibility of end-users on the demand side, are being implemented in electricity markets with new challenges and opportunities. To cope with these new changes, upgrades in the rules and regulations and in some cases a reform in the structure of electricity markets are needed. This Special Issue invites papers that not only identify new methodologies to make the best use of existing electricity markets mechanisms for achieving the optimal and economical operation of power systems from the viewpoint of transmission or distribution market operators, producers, retailers, aggregators and consumers but also suggest new regulations and frameworks for electricity markets that increase the efficiency of power system operation from technical, social, economic, security, and reliability perspectives. This Special Issue invites papers using a broad range of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods.

Dr. Mohsen Banaei
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Electricity markets 
  • Ancillary services 
  • Economics 
  • Energy policy 
  • Sustainability

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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30 pages, 5287 KiB  
Article
Distribution System Management Model Based on the Cooperative Concept of Unifying the Multi-Owned Networks
by Pornthep Chiraprawattrakun and Nopbhorn Leeprechanon
Energies 2023, 16(5), 2163; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en16052163 - 23 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1221
Abstract
The growth of microgrids to fulfil electricity demand could lead to arguments or conflicts between the private microgrid system owners and the existing national distribution authority, especially in overlapping sales areas. The core issue identified in this paper is a distribution system management [...] Read more.
The growth of microgrids to fulfil electricity demand could lead to arguments or conflicts between the private microgrid system owners and the existing national distribution authority, especially in overlapping sales areas. The core issue identified in this paper is a distribution system management model based on the cooperative concept of unifying the multi-owned networks as a single system to ensure the natural monopoly function. This model can avoid complex wheeling charges across multi-owned grids within overlapping sales areas, in which all network users pay at the expense of the merged system charge. This paper proposes the model and shows numerical examples using a suitable distribution network pricing model to recover existing costs and plan for future system expansion. The proposed model and charging algorithm were tested on a modified IEEE 13 bus to examine their impacts. The result demonstrates that the model resolves the issues with the overlapping sales area and creates a fair scenario for the network users regarding the usage charges. Thailand is chosen as the primary reference area, as it is a country with an actual sample case for the argument. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electricity Market Reform and Deregulation)
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15 pages, 859 KiB  
Article
The Regulation of the Spanish Electricity Sector: A Long Way to Convergence
by Josean Garrués-Irurzun
Energies 2022, 15(19), 6931; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15196931 - 22 Sep 2022
Viewed by 1178
Abstract
The regulation of the electricity sector, in general and in the particular case of Spain, has been brilliantly analysed by economists and contemporary jurists placing the emphasis, preferably, on economic efficiency and social justice. This article, based on the writings of economic historians [...] Read more.
The regulation of the electricity sector, in general and in the particular case of Spain, has been brilliantly analysed by economists and contemporary jurists placing the emphasis, preferably, on economic efficiency and social justice. This article, based on the writings of economic historians in recent years, has as its objective to shed light on the logic to regulatory changes in Spain. Exactly as has been done for other countries, the explanation of factors and of the characteristics of this regulatory change, without doubt, will contribute to the understanding of its special nature within the overall international panorama, as well as a better understanding of the contributions of other previous and future works from different perspectives of analysis. The conclusions on the historical construction of the regulation of the electricity industry until the twentieth century allow us to define four big stages, deeply conditioned by their political regimes and the economic circumstances of the country, as well as by the unequal importance of economic agents in the taking of decisions: powerful energy companies, weak governments, and a complete lack of consumer input. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electricity Market Reform and Deregulation)
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15 pages, 772 KiB  
Article
Chilean Electric Transmission Regulation: From a Merchant Approach to Central Planning
by Fernando Fuentes and Pablo Serra
Energies 2022, 15(12), 4336; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15124336 - 14 Jun 2022
Viewed by 1545
Abstract
From the 1980s onwards, many jurisdictions reformed their electricity sectors to create energy markets. To this end, they unbundled transmission from generation, raising the issue of whether and how to regulate transmission. This paper contributes to this literature by analyzing the 40-year Chilean [...] Read more.
From the 1980s onwards, many jurisdictions reformed their electricity sectors to create energy markets. To this end, they unbundled transmission from generation, raising the issue of whether and how to regulate transmission. This paper contributes to this literature by analyzing the 40-year Chilean experience. To do so, it describes the initial transmission regulation, the changes introduced, the causes that triggered them, and their results regarding grid access and expansion and their impact on the energy market. The Chilean Electricity Act, issued in 1982, established open access to transmission facilities but left access and expansion conditions unregulated. This situation caused generators’ grid access problems, harming energy market competition. In 2004, lawmakers amended the Act to require the regulator to develop annual expansion plans and regulate transmission remuneration and financing. Following these changes, transmission expanded adequately for about a decade. However, since 2016, renewable energy curtailments have been significant due to congestion on some transmission lines due to construction delays. The increasing empowerment of civil society in the decision-making processes of new investments is relevant in explaining the delays. The main lesson is that citizen consensus-building is crucial for grid expansion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electricity Market Reform and Deregulation)
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Review

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32 pages, 2641 KiB  
Review
Capacity Mechanisms in Europe and the US: A Comparative Analysis and a Real-Life Application for Greece
by Christos K. Simoglou and Pandelis N. Biskas
Energies 2023, 16(2), 982; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en16020982 - 15 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2484
Abstract
This paper presents a comparative analysis of various capacity mechanisms that are either in force or under approval in key countries/regions in Europe and the US. A detailed analysis on the necessities that led to the establishment of the capacity mechanisms, along with [...] Read more.
This paper presents a comparative analysis of various capacity mechanisms that are either in force or under approval in key countries/regions in Europe and the US. A detailed analysis on the necessities that led to the establishment of the capacity mechanisms, along with various fundamental technical and operational features associated with the design and operation of different capacity mechanisms, mainly in Europe (Italy, France, Germany, Belgium, Poland, Great Britain, Ireland, Cyprus) and complementarily in the US (PJM, New England), are presented. This analysis is complemented by a real-life application regarding the long-term capacity remuneration mechanism that is expected to be established in Greece in the near future. A detailed simulation of the envisaged capacity mechanism auctions under differentiated scenarios has been performed, regarding the future Greek power system operating conditions during the forthcoming decade (2022–2031). Test results illustrate that the outcome of the auctions is heavily dependent on the future energy generation mix and the market participants’ bidding strategy. Whereas, the total cost that will have to be undertaken by the electricity supply companies and, ultimately, by the end-consumers for the financing of the proposed capacity mechanism lies in the range of 5.5–8.7 €/MWh for the entire study period. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electricity Market Reform and Deregulation)
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16 pages, 1496 KiB  
Review
Electricity Market Reforms for Energy Transition: Lessons from China
by Yuk-shing Cheng, Man-kit Chung and Kam-pui Tsang
Energies 2023, 16(2), 905; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en16020905 - 13 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2135
Abstract
In response to the rising importance of the climate agenda, many countries have restructured their electricity markets to facilitate the utilization of renewable energy. China is an interesting case because it has expanded its utilization of wind and solar energy with unmatched speed. [...] Read more.
In response to the rising importance of the climate agenda, many countries have restructured their electricity markets to facilitate the utilization of renewable energy. China is an interesting case because it has expanded its utilization of wind and solar energy with unmatched speed. This review starts with an analysis of the 2002 reforms that uncoupled electricity production from transmission. The investigation covers the period leading up to the 2022 proposal, which aimed to build a nationally integrated electricity market. The analysis suggests that a careful alignment of incentives for key market players to produce and consume renewable energy is vital during the process of energy transition. The introduction of feed-in tariffs in 2009 for wind energy, which were subsequently extended to solar energy, stimulated a high growth in installed capacity. However, a high electricity curtailment rate resulted. Since 2018, the Chinese government has resorted to curtailment caps and renewable portfolio standards to increase the utilization of renewable electricity. After the announcement of the “dual carbon goals” in 2020, the Chinese government launched a series of reforms that aimed to nurture growth in the green electricity market and the formation of a nationally integrated electricity market. The removal of interregional trade barriers is a key element of China’s current electricity market reforms and will be crucial to determining whether China can achieve its climate goals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electricity Market Reform and Deregulation)
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