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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F2: Distributed Energy System".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (22 March 2022) | Viewed by 16164

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Dr. Ilan Aharon

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Guest Editor

Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Ariel University, Kiryat Hamada, Ariel 40700, Israel
Interests: power electronics; power converters; GaN-based converters; energy sources; energy storge systems, micro-grids; electric vehicles; hybridization; sizing; analysis; modeling; control
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Distributed generation is becoming more important in electrical power systems due to the decentralization of energy production. Within this new paradigm, new approaches for the operation and planning of distributed power generation are yet to be explored. Distributed generation can be defined as any small-scale power generation technology located close to a consumer, either for reducing reliance on the power grid or for feeding the power directly into the grid. It may also be used to support the performance of weak transmission and distribution systems. Generators in the Distributed generation system can include both renewable and non-renewable energy resources. This Special Issue has a focus on topics related to distributed power generation, smart grids, hybrid power systems with high renewable energy penetration, wind and solar power plant modelling and control, practical experience within high renewable energy penetration systems, energy storage systems, market design and operation, power electronic topologies (i.e., DC/AC inverters, AC/DC rectifiers, DC/DC converters, etc.), control systems and monitoring algorithms

Dr. Ilan Aharon
Guest Editor

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Keywords

distributed power generation
hybrid power system smart grid applications
energy management
renewable energy
energy storage
energy sources
grid management
power converters
sizing
analysis
modeling
control

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

37 pages, 8437 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Highly Accurate NILM: With an Electro-Spectral Space That Best Fits Algorithm’s National Deployment Requirements

by Netzah Calamaro, Moshe Donko and Doron Shmilovitz

Energies 2021, 14(21), 7410; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14217410 - 07 Nov 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1957

Abstract

The central problems of some of the existing Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) algorithms are indicated as: (1) higher required electrical device identification accuracy; (2) the fact that they enable training over a larger device count; and (3) their ability to be trained faster, limiting them from usage in industrial premises and external grids due to their sensitivity to various device types found in residential premises. The algorithm accuracy is higher compared to previous work and is capable of training over at least thirteen electrical devices collaboratively, a number that could be much higher if such a dataset is generated. The algorithm trains the data around

1.8 \times 10^{8}

faster due to a higher sampling rate. These improvements potentially enable the algorithm to be suitable for future “grids and industrial premises load identification” systems. The algorithm builds on new principles: an electro-spectral features preprocessor, a faster waveform sampling sensor, a shorter required duration for the recorded data set, and the use of current waveforms vs. energy load profile, as was the case in previous NILM algorithms. Since the algorithm is intended for operation in any industrial premises or grid location, fast training is required. Known classification algorithms are comparatively trained using the proposed preprocessor over residential datasets, and in addition, the algorithm is compared to five known low-sampling NILM rate algorithms. The proposed spectral algorithm achieved 98% accuracy in terms of device identification over two international datasets, which is higher than the usual success of NILM algorithms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Distributed Power Generation: Energy Sources, Control, Energy Management and Power Electronics)

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16 pages, 3392 KiB

Open AccessArticle

DCM Boost PFC for High Brightness LED Driver Applications

by Tal Tayar, Alexander Abramovitz and Doron Shmilovitz

Energies 2021, 14(17), 5486; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14175486 - 02 Sep 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2346

Abstract

This paper is concerned with the derivation of a discontinuous conduction mode boost PFC rectifier as a driver for high-power LED lighting applications. The proposed driver is operated in the current mode regime while emulating a resistance towards the line, thus attaining a near unity power factor and low total harmonic distortion of the line current. Theoretical analysis is reported and conditions for the low LED flicker are derived. A method of design for minimum THD is also suggested. Simulation and experimental results are reported. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Distributed Power Generation: Energy Sources, Control, Energy Management and Power Electronics)

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19 pages, 8104 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sizing Procedure for System Hybridization Based on Experimental Source Modeling in Grid Application

by Nissim Amar, Aaron Shmaryahu, Michael Coletti and Ilan Aharon

Energies 2021, 14(15), 4685; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14154685 - 02 Aug 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1711

Abstract

Hybridization of sources is spreading worldwide by utilizing renewable sources and storage units as standard parts of every grid. The conjunction of energy source and storage type open the door to reshaping the sustainability and robustness of the mains while improving system parameters such as efficiency and fuel consumption. The solution fits existing networks as well as new ones. The study proposes the creation of an accurate optimal sizing procedure for setting the required rating of each type of source. The first step is to model the storage and energy sources by using real experimental results for creating the generic database. Then, data on the mission profile, system constraints, and the minimization target function are inserted. The mission profile is then analyzed to determine the minimum and maximum energy source rating. Next, the real time energy management system controller is used to find the set of solutions for each available energy source and the optimal compatible storage in the revealed band to fulfil the mission task. A Pareto-curve is then plotted to present the optimal findings of the sizing procedure. Ultimately, the main research contribution is the far more accurate sizing results. A case study shows that relying on the standard method leads to noncompliance of sizing constraints, while the proposed procedure leads to fulfilling the mission successfully. First, by utilizing experimentally based energy and a storage unit. Second, by using the same real time energy management system controller in the sizing procedure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Distributed Power Generation: Energy Sources, Control, Energy Management and Power Electronics)

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20 pages, 2943 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Comparative Analysis of a Power System Stability with Virtual Inertia

by Lavr Vetoshkin and Zdeněk Müller

Energies 2021, 14(11), 3277; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14113277 - 03 Jun 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2400

Abstract

The paper investigates the stability of a power system with synchronverters. A synchronverter is a control strategy for voltage source converters that introduces virtual inertia by mimicking synchronous machines. The authors picked a commonly known IEEE 9 bus and IEEE 39 bus test case systems for the test case studies. The paper presents the power system’s modal analysis with Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) controlled as synchronverters, vector control, or Rate of Change of Frequency-based Virtual Synchronous Generator, thus comparing different approaches to VSC control. The first case study compares selected control algorithms, the IEEE 9 bus system, with one VSC in the paper. The results demonstrate the benefits of synchronverters over other control strategies. The system with synchronverters has a higher minimal damping ratio, which is proven to be the case by numerical simulations. In the second case study, the effects of virtual inertia placement were investigated. The computations showed that placement is indeed important, however, the control strategy is as important. Besides, the system with synchronverters exhibits better stability characteristics. The paper demonstrates that the application of synchronverters is feasible and can meet the demand for algorithms that bring the benefits of virtual inertia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Distributed Power Generation: Energy Sources, Control, Energy Management and Power Electronics)

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23 pages, 5236 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Study of Hysteresis Controller, Resonant Controller and Direct Torque Control of Five-Phase IM under Open-Phase Fault Operation

by Mahmoud A. Mossa, Hamdi Echeikh, Ahmed A. Zaki Diab, Hassan Haes Alhelou and Pierluigi Siano

Energies 2021, 14(5), 1317; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14051317 - 28 Feb 2021

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2293

Abstract

The need for regulating the operation of unhealthy motor drives has motivated the researchers to modify the control techniques in order to be valid for the new drive state. The use of a fault-tolerant facility is an attractive feature of multiphase machines; therefore, the applicability of different controllers has been established for the operation under open-phase fault conditions. The considered control algorithms were utilized to analyze the operation of the unhealthy system and evaluating the capability of the control to regulate the speed and torque under the fault condition. However, the majority of these studies considered only one control algorithm to be tested with the faulty system without comparing its performance with other techniques. The performance comparison is a vital way to visualize the features and characteristics of each algorithm. For this purpose, this paper deals with the performance comparison of the hysteresis controller, RFOC based on resonant controller and direct torque control (DTC) control under open-circuit fault conditions. A detailed comparison between the three control techniques is presented to outline the main differences between the three control procedures and identify the most appropriate technique in between. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Distributed Power Generation: Energy Sources, Control, Energy Management and Power Electronics)

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21 pages, 8051 KiB

Open AccessArticle

State Estimation-Based Distributed Energy Resource Optimization for Distribution Voltage Regulation in Telemetry-Sparse Environments Using a Real-Time Digital Twin

by Rachid Darbali-Zamora, Jay Johnson, Adam Summers, C. Birk Jones, Clifford Hansen and Chad Showalter

Energies 2021, 14(3), 774; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14030774 - 02 Feb 2021

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 4289

Abstract

Real-time state estimation using a digital twin can overcome the lack of in-field measurements inside an electric feeder to optimize grid services provided by distributed energy resources (DERs). Optimal reactive power control of DERs can be used to mitigate distribution system voltage violations caused by increased penetrations of photovoltaic (PV) systems. In this work, a new technology called the Programmable Distribution Resource Open Management Optimization System (ProDROMOS) issued optimized DER reactive power setpoints based-on results from a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm wrapped around OpenDSS time-series feeder simulations. This paper demonstrates the use of the ProDROMOS in a RT simulated environment using a power hardware-in-the-loop PV inverter and in a field demonstration, using a 678 kW PV system in Grafton (MA, USA). The primary contribution of the work is demonstrating a RT digital twin effectively provides state estimation pseudo-measurements that can be used to optimize DER operations for distribution voltage regulation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Distributed Power Generation: Energy Sources, Control, Energy Management and Power Electronics)

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