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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "I: Energy Fundamentals and Conversion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2023) | Viewed by 8197

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Dr. Ahmed Elatar

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Energy and Environmental Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6070, USA
Interests: fluid mechanics; computational fluid dynamics; numerical simulation; CFD simulation; numerical modeling; computational fluid mechanics; experimental fluid mechanics; thermo-fluid; aerodynamics; turbulence; mechanical engineering; building equipment; wind engineering; building sustainability; renewable energy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The field of thermo-fluid is of major importance and involved in numerous industrial applications. Both fundamental and applied research are essential for the advancement of state-of-the-art related technology. Transport phenomena of energy and mass are the foundation of the functionality of many systems. The necessity to further explore the underlying physical processes is found in a wide range of length scales and operating conditions. This Special Issue of Energies is dedicated to disseminating the latest advancements and discoveries in heat transfer and fluid mechanics. Researchers working on all levels of technology readiness research are encouraged to contribute to this Special Issue. Enhancement of heat transfer, novel materials, and system proof of concept are a few examples of topics of interest. A special interest is directed towards renewable energy systems and energy storage technologies. The goal is to generate a useful resource that represents the status of advancement in the subject matter. I highly encourage researchers and scientists to share their latest endeavors with the scientific community through publishing in this Special Issue.

Dr. Ahmed Elatar
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

heat transfer enhancement
energy systems
thermal energy storage
fluid dynamics
pressure drop
materials
phase change materials
renewables

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 1197 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer Enhancement in the Paths of Propulsion Systems with Single-Row Spherical and Oval Dimples on the Wall

by Sergey Isaev, Dmitry Nikushchenko, Alexandr Sudakov, Nikita Tryaskin, Leonid Iunakov, Alexandr Usachov and Valery Kharchenko

Energies 2022, 15(19), 7198; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15197198 - 30 Sep 2022

Viewed by 967

Abstract

Modeling the vortex intensification of turbulent heat transfer in narrow engine ducts using single-row dimples was carried out within the framework of multi-block computing technologies implemented in a special VP2/3 package. The cases of a rectangular section with the placement of vortex generators—single-row packages of oval and spherical dimples on the initial hydrodynamic section and the section of the stabilized flow are excluded. The connection between the generated vortex structures and the predominant increase in heat transfer compared to the increase in hydraulic losses for various dimple layouts has been established: zigzag, ladder, and centers shifted and in a longitudinal-transverse order. The superiority in heat removal from the thickness with inclined oval dimples is shown—1.23 times compared to spherical ones with a decay in hydraulic resistance by 1.16 times. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics (Fundamentals and Applications))

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16 pages, 7302 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Flow Characteristics and Heat-Transfer Enhancement of Air Agitation in Ice Storage Air Conditioning Systems

by Xiao Yang, Qiyang Wang, Yang Liu, Dongmei Yang, Yixu Wang, Haiyan Qin, Zedong Liu and Hua Chen

Energies 2022, 15(16), 5918; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15165918 - 15 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1255

Abstract

A large number of bubbles generated by the air agitation device in an external melting ice storage system can cause the disturbance of the ice–water mixture, which can enhance the heat transfer and contribute to the reduction in energy consumption. The structural design and optimization of the air agitation device in an external melting ice storage system is the key issue for energy savings. In this study, the influence of different orifice spacings and diameters on the distribution of the gas–liquid flow field, gas holdup, heat-transfer coefficient, and power consumption in the ice storage tank was investigated by numerical simulation. The simulated results showed that the heat-transfer coefficient of the ice–water mixture with air bubbles should be 3–5 times higher than the natural convection when the air superficial velocity is 0.03 m/s. The gas holdup was mainly affected by the orifice spacing, and the maximum varied from 5.0% to 8.2%. When the orifice spacing was less than 150 mm, the gas holdup changed a little in the horizontal direction, and the uniformity became worse when the orifice spacing was larger than 180 mm. An orifice diameter larger than 3 mm can improve the heat transfer and cause less air-compressing energy consumption, which decreased by approximately 1.62%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics (Fundamentals and Applications))

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18 pages, 2982 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sensitivity Analysis of High-Pressure Methanol—Steam Reformer Using the Condensation Enthalpy of Water Vapor

by Dongjin Yu, Byoungjae Kim, Hyunjin Ji and Sangseok Yu

Energies 2022, 15(10), 3832; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15103832 - 23 May 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1519

Abstract

A methanol–steam reformer (MSR) can safely provide hydrogen-rich fuel for a fuel cell system. Since the operating temperature of an MSR is relatively low, convective heat transfer is typically used to provide thermal energy to the endothermic reactions in the MSR. In this study, the use of phase change heat transfer to provide thermal energy to the endothermic reactions was investigated, which enhanced the temperature uniformity longitudinally along the MSR. ANSYS Fluent^® software was used to investigate the performance of the reforming reactions. A comparative analysis using sensible heat and latent heat as the heat supply sources was performed. Using latent heat as a heat source achieved a lesser temperature drop than sensible heat that was under 5.29 K in the outer pipe. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis of methanol–steam-reforming reactions that use phase change heat transfer in terms of the carbon ratio, gas hourly velocity (for the inner and outer pipes of the MSR), inlet temperature (inner and outer pipes), reactor length, and operating pressure (inner pipe) was performed. When the phase change energy of water vapor is used, the wall temperature of the MSR is conveniently controlled and is uniformly distributed along the channel (standard deviation: 0.81 K). Accordingly, the methanol conversion rate of an MSR that uses phase change energy is ~4% higher than that of an MSR that employs convective heat transfer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics (Fundamentals and Applications))

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22 pages, 6119 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Investigation of the Heat Transfer between Finned Tubes and a Bubbling Fluidized Bed with Horizontal Sand Mass Flow

by Stefan Thanheiser, Markus Haider and Paul Schwarzmayr

Energies 2022, 15(4), 1316; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15041316 - 11 Feb 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1866

Abstract

The sandTES technology utilizes a fluidized bed counter current heat exchanger for thermal energy storage applications. Its main feature is an imposed horizontal flow of sand (SiO₂) particles fluidized by a vertical air flow across a heat exchanger consisting of several horizontal rows of tubes. Past international research on heat transfer in dense fluidized beds has focused on stationary (stirred tank) systems, and there is little to no information available on the impact of longitudinal or helical fins. Previous pilot plant scale experiments at TU Wien led to the conclusion that the currently available correlations for predicting the heat transfer coefficient between the tube surface and the surrounding fluidized bed are insufficient for the horizontal sand flow imposed by the sandTES technology. Therefore, several smaller test rigs were designed in this study to investigate the influence of different tube arrangements and flow conditions on the external convective heat transfer coefficient and possible improvements by using finned tubes. It could be shown that helically finned tubes in a transversal arrangement, where the horizontal sand flow is perpendicular to the tube axes, allows an increase in the heat transfer coefficient per tube length (i.e., the virtual heat transfer coefficient) by a factor of 3.5 to about 1250 W/m²K at ambient temperature. Based on the literature, this heat transfer coefficient is expected to increase at higher temperatures. The new design criteria allow the design of compact, low-cost heat exchangers for thermal energy storage applications, in particular electro-thermal energy storage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics (Fundamentals and Applications))

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15 pages, 4310 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Non-Coaxially Rotating Motion in Casson Martial along with Temperature and Concentration Gradients via First-Order Chemical Reaction

by Noman Jabbar, Muhammad Bilal Hafeez, Sameh Askar and Umar Nazir

Energies 2021, 14(22), 7784; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14227784 - 20 Nov 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1310

Abstract

The effect of non-coaxial rotation on the transport of mass subjected to first-order chemical reaction is studied analytically. The effects of thermal radiation, buoyancy, constructive and destructive chemical reactions along with Casson fluid in rotating frame are discussed. Time evolution of primary and secondary velocities, energy and solute particles are analyzed. The behavior of flow under the variation of intensity of magnetic field is also investigated. Evolutionary behavior of primary velocity is opposite to the evolutionary behavior of secondary velocity. The impact of buoyant force on primary velocity is opposite to the role of buoyant force on the secondary velocity. The evolutionary behavior of temperature is also examined and a remarkable enhancement in temperature is noticed. Thermal radiation causes the fluid to be cooled down as heat energy is escaped by thermal radiation. Evolutionary behavior of concentration is also analyzed and an increasing of concentration versus time is noted. Destructive chemical reaction results a remarkable reduction in the concentration and vice versa for generative chemical reaction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics (Fundamentals and Applications))

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