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Energy―History and Time Trends

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 17056
Please submit your paper and select the Journal "Energies" and the Special Issue "Energy―History and Time Trends" via: https://susy.mdpi.com/user/manuscripts/upload?journal=energies. Please contact the journal editor Adele Min ([email protected]) before submitting.

Special Issue Editor

The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences, Halmstad University, SE-301 18 Halmstad, Sweden
Interests: wind energy; energy history

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Energy is essential to human survival, and with the recent increase of concern for global warming from greenhouse emissions, the energy field has become a global focus point. This calls for mobilizing knowledge which to a large extent can be found in the history of different energy sources. This Special Issue aims to provide a platform for contributions to the history of energy, which includes time trends and comparisons. For example, review papers with broad perspective such as the history of an energy source (global or for a certain region) or the entire energy sector for a certain region are welcomed, as are more narrow investigations on certain projects or power plants of special historical value. Research articles evaluating time trends for an energy source or a region are also encouraged.

Dr. Erik Möllerström
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • energy history
  • time trends in energy
  • renewable energy
  • fossil power
  • nuclear power

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

3 pages, 194 KiB  
Editorial
Energy—History and Time Trends: Special Issue Editorial
by Erik Möllerström
Energies 2022, 15(15), 5558; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15155558 - 30 Jul 2022
Viewed by 1027
Abstract
Energy is essential to human survival, and with increasing concerns regarding the global warming caused by greenhouse emissions, the energy field has become a global focal point [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy―History and Time Trends)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

20 pages, 2729 KiB  
Article
Forecasting and Assessment of the Energy Security Risk in Fuzzy Environment
by Paweł Ziemba, Aneta Becker and Jarosław Becker
Energies 2021, 14(18), 5934; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14185934 - 18 Sep 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1407
Abstract
Energy security is of key importance for states and international organizations. An important issue in energy security is the assessment of current and future energy security methods. While the assessment of the current methods is relatively easy, since it is based on recent [...] Read more.
Energy security is of key importance for states and international organizations. An important issue in energy security is the assessment of current and future energy security methods. While the assessment of the current methods is relatively easy, since it is based on recent information, the assessment of the future methods is burdened with uncertainty and is therefore much more difficult. Therefore, the aim of the article is to develop a new approach for assessing current and future energy security issues based on a complex security index, supported by the computationally transparent fuzzy multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) method. The use of the fuzzy MCDA methods allows one to capture the uncertainty of assessments and forecasts, and the forecasts themselves were based on the Holt’s method; the international energy security risk index (IESRI) was used as the source of the data to generate the forecasts. The research compared two data sources for forecasts (IESRI categories and metrics) and two methods of forecast fuzzification. As a result, the forecasted assessments and rankings of energy security for the 2020–2030 period were obtained. On the basis of these forecasts, general trends shaping energy security were also indicated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy―History and Time Trends)
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38 pages, 6849 KiB  
Article
Assessing the Level of Renewable Energy Development in the European Union Member States. A 10-Year Perspective
by Jarosław Brodny, Magdalena Tutak and Peter Bindzár
Energies 2021, 14(13), 3765; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14133765 - 23 Jun 2021
Cited by 48 | Viewed by 3097
Abstract
The global economic development is, to a great extent, dependent on access to large amounts of cheap energy sources. The growing social awareness of ecology and the enormous damage to the Earth’s ecosystem due to the production of energy from conventional sources have [...] Read more.
The global economic development is, to a great extent, dependent on access to large amounts of cheap energy sources. The growing social awareness of ecology and the enormous damage to the Earth’s ecosystem due to the production of energy from conventional sources have forced fundamental changes in the energy sector. Renewable energy is considered to be an opportunity for such changes. The current state of the art allows such changes to be made without restricting economic development. Therefore, activities related to the energy transition are being taken all over the world. The European Union has definitely managed to achieve the most tangible effects in this regard. This article presents the findings of the research aimed at presenting the current state of renewable energy in the European Union and analyzing the changes reported in this sector in the last decade. The research was carried out using a selected set of 11 indicators characterizing renewable energy in individual countries. These indicators were selected on the basis of literature review and own studies of the state of renewable energy and its development prospects. Based on these indicators, changes in the energy structure of individual European Union countries between 2008–2018 were determined. The study is divided into two main stages. The principal components analysis (PCA) was used for the first analysis. In turn, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was adopted to assess the level of renewable energy development in the European Union countries. Both these methods and the extended statistical analysis were applied to determine the state of renewable energy development in the European Union countries in the studied period and to divide the Member States into classes with different levels of development. The results of the study showed that the EU countries are characterized by significant differences in the development of RES during the period in question. The unquestionable leaders in this respect are Sweden, Austria, Finland, and Latvia. Based on the findings, it is possible to evaluate the effects of activities related to renewable energy development and to prepare assumptions for future activities. Additionally, both the research and its findings broaden the knowledge of the directions of renewable energy development in individual European Union countries. This is particularly important in the context of changes related to the need to reduce harmful substance emissions and the implementation of the European Green Deal idea. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy―History and Time Trends)
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12 pages, 19491 KiB  
Article
Improvement of AEP Predictions with Time for Swedish Wind Farms
by Erik Möllerström, Sean Gregory and Aromal Sugathan
Energies 2021, 14(12), 3475; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14123475 - 11 Jun 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2121
Abstract
Based on data from 2083 wind turbines installed in Sweden from 1988 onwards, the accuracy of the predictions of the annual energy production (AEP) from the project planning phases has been compared to the actual wind-index-corrected production. Both the electricity production and the [...] Read more.
Based on data from 2083 wind turbines installed in Sweden from 1988 onwards, the accuracy of the predictions of the annual energy production (AEP) from the project planning phases has been compared to the actual wind-index-corrected production. Both the electricity production and the predicted AEP come from Vindstat, a database that collects information directly from wind turbine owners. The mean error for all analyzed wind turbines was 13.0%, which means that, overall, the predicted AEP has been overestimated. There has been an improvement of accuracy with time with an overestimation of 8.2% for wind turbines installed in the 2010s, however, the continuous improvement seems to have stagnated around 2005 despite better data availability and continuous refinement of methods. Dividing the results by terrain, the error is larger for wind turbines in open and flat terrain than in forest areas, indicating that the reason behind the error is not the higher complexity of the forest terrain. Also, there is no apparent increase of error with wind farm size which could have been expected if wind farm blockage effect was a main reason for the overestimations. Besides inaccurate AEP predictions, a higher-than-expected performance decline due to inadequate maintenance of the wind turbines may be a reason behind the AEP overestimations. The main sources of error are insecurity regarding the source of AEP predictions and the omission of mid-life alterations of rated power. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy―History and Time Trends)
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Review

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25 pages, 3494 KiB  
Review
The Current Picture of the Transition to a Green Economy in the EU—Trends in Climate and Energy Policy versus State Security
by Ireneusz Miciuła, Henryk Wojtaszek, Bogdan Włodarczyk, Marek Szturo, Miłosz Gac, Jerzy Będźmirowski, Katarzyna Kazojć and Judyta Kabus
Energies 2021, 14(23), 8181; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14238181 - 06 Dec 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1916
Abstract
This article presents the historical progression of changes and arguments indicating the need to move from fossil energy sources to the green economy in the European Union (EU) countries. It shows trends in the EU’s climate and energy policy compared to the rest [...] Read more.
This article presents the historical progression of changes and arguments indicating the need to move from fossil energy sources to the green economy in the European Union (EU) countries. It shows trends in the EU’s climate and energy policy compared to the rest of the world. At the same time, it points to the elements of the necessary compromise between the climate requirements and the energy security of countries and their economies. The aim of the article is to present the main quantitative challenges for the development of the green economy in the EU, which are analyzed from the perspective of the year 2030. For this year, specific values have been established to be achieved by European countries in several fundamental areas. On the other hand, the strategic goals and further development perspective are included until 2050. This undoubtedly indicates the complexity of the issue, which is intensified as a result of the various economic and political strategies of many European Union members. At the same time, as part of the analysis carried out, efforts are made to develop concepts and practical recommendations for the development of a green European economy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy―History and Time Trends)
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14 pages, 77915 KiB  
Review
A Century of Use of SOLOMIT Thermal Insulation Panels
by Pavel Neuberger and Pavel Kic
Energies 2021, 14(21), 7197; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14217197 - 02 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1849
Abstract
This article traces the century-old history of using a thermal and acoustic insulation panel called SOLOMIT. It presents some of Sergei Nicolajewitsch Tchayeff’s patents, on the basis of which production and installation took place. The survey section provides examples of the use of [...] Read more.
This article traces the century-old history of using a thermal and acoustic insulation panel called SOLOMIT. It presents some of Sergei Nicolajewitsch Tchayeff’s patents, on the basis of which production and installation took place. The survey section provides examples of the use of this building component in Australia, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, Russia, the Soviet Union and Spain. It pays attention to applications in the 1950s and 1960s in collectivized agriculture in Czechoslovakia. It also presents the results of measuring the thermal conductivity of a panel sample, which was obtained during the reconstruction of a cottage built in the 1950s and 1960s of the 20th century. Even today, SOLOMIT finds its application all over the world, mainly due to its thermal insulation and acoustic properties and other features, such as low maintenance requirements, attractive appearance and structure and cost-effectiveness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy―History and Time Trends)
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13 pages, 35829 KiB  
Review
A Brief History of the Kaplan Turbine Invention
by Martin Polák
Energies 2021, 14(19), 6211; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14196211 - 29 Sep 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4581
Abstract
One of the most important milestones in the history of hydropower is the invention of the Kaplan turbine. It is a machine stemming from the Francis turbine, which Viktor Kaplan was originally trying to improve. However, it gradually developed into the creation of [...] Read more.
One of the most important milestones in the history of hydropower is the invention of the Kaplan turbine. It is a machine stemming from the Francis turbine, which Viktor Kaplan was originally trying to improve. However, it gradually developed into the creation of a completely new solution of an impeller with an axial flow rate and adjustable blades. The first patent relating to the new invention dates from 1913. Shortly afterwards, the Kaplan turbine became the most widely used type of device for the use of low heads and variable flow rates. That meant a significant expansion of the potential of economically usable hydropower. The article briefly introduces the history of turbine development. The overall picture is then completed by a few less-known historical documents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy―History and Time Trends)
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