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Selected Papers from the 9th International Conference on Smart Grid (icSmartGrid 2021)

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A1: Smart Grids and Microgrids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 17848

Special Issue Editors

Departamento de Engenharia Electrotecnica, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Campus do IPS, Estefanilha, 2914-761 Setúbal, Portugal
Interests: smart grid; renewable energy; power elctronics; DC/DC converters
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Nisantasi University, Maslak Mahallesi, Taşyoncası Sokak, No: 1V ve No:1Y Bina Kodu: 34481742, 34398 Sarıyer, İstanbul
Interests: smart grid; renewable energy; digital transformation; artificial intelligence; power electronics; electrical machines; distance learning
Division of Electrical, Electronics, and Information Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki-shi 851-0121, Japan
Interests: power elctronics; DC/DC converters; renewable energy; smart grid
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue will be an opportunity for you to publish your papers in a worldwide known high-ranking open-source Energies journal.

Topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Smart grid
  • Renewable energy
  • Power electronics
  • Converter and inverter systems
  • Electrical vehicles
  • Energy storage
  • Energy control techniques
  • Energy harvesting
  • Micro grids

If your papers are from icSmartGrid or any other conferences, you should revise the paper by at least half.

We are looking forward to receiving your high-quality research papers.

With our best regards,

Prof. Dr. Victor Fernão Pires
Prof. Dr. Ilhami Colak
Prof. Dr. Fujio Kurokawa
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Smart grid
  • Renewable energy
  • Power electronics
  • Micro grids
  • Electrical vehicles

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 189 KiB  
Editorial
Smart Grid as a Key Tool for the Future of Electrical Distribution Networks
by Vitor Fernão Pires, Ilhami Colak and Fujio Kurokawa
Energies 2022, 15(9), 3281; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15093281 - 29 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1021
Abstract
A new paradigm has appeared in the electricity sector with the rapid development of new renewable energy sources, storage systems, information and communication technologies, and ways of integrating distributed energy sources [...] Full article

Research

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23 pages, 910 KiB  
Article
Extended Residential Power Management Interface for Flexibility Communication and Uncertainty Reduction for Flexibility System Operators
by Felix Heider, Amra Jahic, Maik Plenz and Detlef Schulz
Energies 2022, 15(4), 1257; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15041257 - 09 Feb 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1646
Abstract
The high importance of demand-side management for the stability of future smart grids came into focus years ago and is today undisputed among a wide spectrum of energy market participants, and within the research community. The increasing development of communication infrastructure, in tandem [...] Read more.
The high importance of demand-side management for the stability of future smart grids came into focus years ago and is today undisputed among a wide spectrum of energy market participants, and within the research community. The increasing development of communication infrastructure, in tandem with the rising transparency of power grids, supports the efforts for deploying demand-side management applications. While it is then accepted that demand-side management will yield positive contributions, it remains challenging to identify, communicate, and access available flexibility to the flexibility managers. The knowledge about the system potential is essential to determine impacts of control and adjustment signals, and employ temporarily required demand-side flexibility to ensure power grid stability. The aim of this article is to introduce a methodology to determine and communicate local flexibility potential of end-user energy systems to flexibility managers for short-term access. The presented approach achieves a reliable calculation of flexibility, a standardized data aggregation, and a secure communication. With integration into an existing system architecture, the general applicability is outlined with a use case scenario for one end-user energy system. The approach yields a transparent short-term flexibility potential within the flexibility operator system. Full article
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29 pages, 8020 KiB  
Article
Identification of Gaps and Barriers in Regulations, Standards, and Network Codes to Energy Citizen Participation in the Energy Transition
by Alireza Nouri, Shafi Khadem, Anna Mutule, Christina Papadimitriou, Rad Stanev, Mattia Cabiati, Andrew Keane and Paula Carroll
Energies 2022, 15(3), 856; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15030856 - 25 Jan 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3933
Abstract
The success of the energy transition in Europe depends on the engagement of citizens and the sustainable replacement of conventional generation with renewable production. Highlights of the PAN European Technology Energy Research Approach (PANTERA) project, a H2020 coordination and support action, are presented [...] Read more.
The success of the energy transition in Europe depends on the engagement of citizens and the sustainable replacement of conventional generation with renewable production. Highlights of the PAN European Technology Energy Research Approach (PANTERA) project, a H2020 coordination and support action, are presented in this paper. In broad terms, PANTERA offers a forum for actors in the smart grid to support the expansion of activities in smart grid research, demonstration, and innovation, especially in the below-average spending member states in the European Union (EU). The focus of this paper is on those activities of the project consortium related to the identification of gaps and barriers in regulations, standards, and network codes that hinder the sustainable engagement of energy citizens in the energy transition. The paper summarises the challenges to citizen engagement in the energy transit and considers the enablers that make the engagement of citizens viable, e.g., demand response (DR), renewable energy resources (RESs), and modern designs for local energy markets (LEMs). We focus on the barriers to the enablers that are explicitly and implicitly related to regulations, standards, and network codes and explore aspects of the relevant regulations and standards of the sample below-average spending member states. A specific case study of a research and demonstration project in Ireland for updating the network codes is also presented to demonstrate the ways in which member states are attempting to remove the barriers and enable citizen participation in the smart energy transition. Finally, the opportunities to foster smart grid research and innovation through shared knowledge and insights offered by the PANTERA European Interconnection for Research Innovation and Entrepreneurship (EIRIE) platform are highlighted. Full article
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19 pages, 1619 KiB  
Article
The SOC Based Dynamic Charging Coordination of EVs in the PV-Penetrated Distribution Network Using Real-World Data
by Murat Akil, Emrah Dokur and Ramazan Bayindir
Energies 2021, 14(24), 8508; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14248508 - 17 Dec 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2387
Abstract
A successful distribution network can continue to operate despite the uncertainties at the charging station, with appropriate equipment retrofits and upgrades. However, these new investments in the grid can become complex in terms of time and space. In this paper, we propose a [...] Read more.
A successful distribution network can continue to operate despite the uncertainties at the charging station, with appropriate equipment retrofits and upgrades. However, these new investments in the grid can become complex in terms of time and space. In this paper, we propose a dynamic charge coordination (DCC) method based on the battery state of charge (SOC) of electric vehicles (EVs) in line with this purpose. The collective uncoordinated charging profiles of EVs charged at maximum power were investigated based on statistical data for distances of EVs and a real dataset for charging characteristics in the existing grid infrastructure. The proposed strategy was investigated using the modified Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS) performed by DIgSILENT Powerfactory simulation software for a total 50 EVs in 30 different models. Then, the load balancing situations were analyzed with the integration of the photovoltaic (PV) generation and battery energy storage system (BESS) into the bus bars where the EVs were fed into the grid. According to the simulation results, the proposed method dramatically reduces the effects on the grid compared to the uncoordinated charging method. Furthermore, the integration of PV and BESS system, load balancing for EVs was successfully achieved with the proposed approach. Full article
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29 pages, 6113 KiB  
Article
Power Quality Improvement in HRES Grid Connected System with FOPID Based Atom Search Optimization Technique
by Ch. Rami Reddy, B. Srikanth Goud, Flah Aymen, Gundala Srinivasa Rao and Edson C. Bortoni
Energies 2021, 14(18), 5812; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14185812 - 14 Sep 2021
Cited by 44 | Viewed by 2783
Abstract
An intelligent control strategy is proposed in this paper which suggests the Optimum Power Quality Enhancement (OPQE) of grid-connected hybrid power systems with solar photovoltaic, wind turbines, and battery storage. Unified Power Quality Conditioner with Active and Reactive power (UPQC-PQ) is designed with [...] Read more.
An intelligent control strategy is proposed in this paper which suggests the Optimum Power Quality Enhancement (OPQE) of grid-connected hybrid power systems with solar photovoltaic, wind turbines, and battery storage. Unified Power Quality Conditioner with Active and Reactive power (UPQC-PQ) is designed with Atom Search Optimization (ASO) based Fractional-order Proportional Integral Derivative (FOPID) controller in the proposed Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources (HRES) system. The main aim is to regulate voltage while reducing power loss and reducing Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). UPQC-PQ is used to mitigate the Power Quality (PQ) problems such as sag, swell, interruptions, real power, reactive power and THD reductions related to voltage/current by using ASO based FOPID controller. The developed technique is demonstrated in various modes: simultaneous to improve PQ reinforcement and RES power injection, PRES > 0, PRES = 0. The results are then compared to those obtained using previous literature methods such as PI controller, GSA, BBO, GWO, ESA, RFA, and GA and found the proposed approach is efficient. The MATLAB/Simulink work framework is used to create the model. Full article
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27 pages, 3018 KiB  
Article
Parameter Extraction of Photovoltaic Cells and Modules Using Grey Wolf Optimizer with Dimension Learning-Based Hunting Search Strategy
by Mehmet Yesilbudak
Energies 2021, 14(18), 5735; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14185735 - 12 Sep 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 1997
Abstract
With the increase in the share of solar energy in the sustainable development, accurate parameter identification plays a significant role in designing optimal solar photovoltaic systems. For this purpose, this paper extensively implements and evaluates the grey wolf optimizer with a dimension learning-based [...] Read more.
With the increase in the share of solar energy in the sustainable development, accurate parameter identification plays a significant role in designing optimal solar photovoltaic systems. For this purpose, this paper extensively implements and evaluates the grey wolf optimizer with a dimension learning-based hunting search strategy, an improved version of GWO named I-GWO, in the parameter extraction of photovoltaic cells and modules. According to the experimental results, the double-diode model leads to better fitness than the other diode models in representing the physical behaviors of both photovoltaic cells and photovoltaic modules. For further performance validation, firstly, the internal parameters extracted by the I-GWO algorithm and the corresponding output current data are compared with a number of widely-used parameter extraction methods in the literature. Then, the best goodness-of-fit results achieved by the I-GWO algorithm are evaluated considering many state-of-the-art metaheuristic algorithms in the literature. The accuracy measures including root mean squared error and sum of individual absolute errors show that I-GWO is fairly promising to be the efficient and valuable parameter extraction method for both photovoltaic cells and photovoltaic modules. Full article
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Other

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21 pages, 5825 KiB  
Case Report
Optimal Design of a Hybrid Energy System for Economic and Environmental Sustainability of Onshore Oil and Gas Fields
by Deepika Bishnoi and Harsh Chaturvedi
Energies 2022, 15(6), 2063; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15062063 - 11 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2422
Abstract
The pollution caused by gas flaring is hazardous to the health of flora, fauna, and humans settled around the flaring site. Gas flaring also incurs economic loss as natural gas, an energy source, is wasted in flares. Furthermore, the unreliable electrical infrastructure is [...] Read more.
The pollution caused by gas flaring is hazardous to the health of flora, fauna, and humans settled around the flaring site. Gas flaring also incurs economic loss as natural gas, an energy source, is wasted in flares. Furthermore, the unreliable electrical infrastructure is a roadblock for oil and gas companies attempting to achieve their production targets. This paper presents a framework to design hybrid energy systems (HES) which utilize the gas flare waste along with the locally available renewable energy sources to generate electricity. A novel dispatch strategy to suit the requirements of the oil and gas fields has been used for real-time simulations and optimization of the HES. As a test case, six different hybrid energy configurations, modelled for two gas flaring sites, Lakwa and Geleky in Assam—India, were analyzed and compared on the basis of economic and environmental factors. The best suitable configuration comprised 2000 kW solar photovoltaic (PV) panel sets, one 200 kW gas microturbine, two 30 kW gas microturbines, and grid connection. The proposed system economically outperformed the existing power system in the area by 35.52% in terms of the net present cost. Moreover, it could save 850 tons of carbon dioxide emissions annually, and it has a renewable fraction of 93.7% in the total energy generation. Owing to these merits, the presented technique would be a promising option for generation of electricity from flare gas waste and to mitigate pollution. Full article
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