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Microscopic Seepage Characteristics of Water Flooding or EOR in Reservoir

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "H1: Petroleum Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 5690

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
Interests: microscopic seepage; EOR; unconventional reservoir
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Unconventional Petroleum Research Insititute, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
Interests: porous media flow; discrete fracture modeling; upscaling; digital rock physics; closed-loop production optimization and enhanced oil recovery in subsurface hydrocarbon engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of conventional crude oil reservoirs has been undergoing a series of dramatic challenges in recent years, motivated mainly by high or extra-high water-cut and severe heterogeneity. We have seen a massive pilot deployment of various enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques, an increasing effort to tap into the potential of the remaining oil via water flooding, and simultaneous continuing exploitation of novel unconventional resources, e.g., shale oil, tight oil. This poses a wide range of technical issues to the existing Darcy theory, including the complicated physical–chemical interactions during EOR at different scales.

With this Special Issue, we would like to draw special attention to the fundamental pore-scale characteristics of porous media flow during water flooding or EOR by combining analytical, computational, and experimental tools with regard to conventional and unconventional crude oil reservoirs. Rapid technological advances in many disciplines have created new opportunities for understanding the fundamental physics which were not possible (or very costly) in the past. The development and increased availability of reliable high-resolution imaging devices, high-efficiency image processing algorithms, and the development of advanced pore-scale numerical modeling methods are but a few examples of microscopic seepage characteristics of waterflooding or EOR in various crude oil reservoirs that could be beneficial.

This issue is open but not limited to contributions in the following focus areas:

  • Pore-scale imaging and modeling
  • Multiphase fluid flow
  • Topological analysis of fluid distribution
  • Water flooding
  • Gas-based EOR techniques, e.g., CO2, N2, air, hydrocarbon gas, foam
  • Liquid-based EOR techniques, eg., polymer, surfactant, low-salinity water, nanofluid.

Prof. Dr. Junjian Li
Prof. Dr. Daigang Wang
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • multiphase fluid flow
  • microfluidics
  • digital rock analysis
  • pore-scale modeling
  • water flooding
  • novel EOR techniques

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 9422 KiB  
Article
Numerical Modeling of the Steam Chamber Ramp-Up Phase in Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage
by Dongqi Ji, Jiacheng Xu, Xue Lyu, Zhiping Li and Jie Zhan
Energies 2022, 15(8), 2933; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15082933 - 16 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1904
Abstract
Due to the critical nature of the ramp-up phase of an efficient steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) process, it is important to understand the physics of the steam chamber ramp-up phase in order to improve SAGD production performance. In conventional numerical simulation models, the [...] Read more.
Due to the critical nature of the ramp-up phase of an efficient steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) process, it is important to understand the physics of the steam chamber ramp-up phase in order to improve SAGD production performance. In conventional numerical simulation models, the dynamics of the steam chamber ramp-up phase are not fully resolved because of unclear steam–oil–water interactions during the vertical growth of the steam chamber and how its state changes as the reservoir parameters vary. This work provides an efficient approach for the numerical modeling of the steam chamber ramp-up phase in an SAGD operation. The steam chamber ramp-up phase was fully examined through the consideration of the effects of the temperature-dependent oil–water–gas multiphase flow system and the vertical countercurrent flow. The simulation results revealed that for the large temperature gradient of the mobile oil zone at the edge of the steam chamber, a delicate temperature-dependent multiphase flow system was essential for the reliable estimation of the SAGD ramp-up phase. The vertical countercurrent flows of oil–gas and oil–condensate were the dominant mechanisms over cocurrent flow, which significantly impacted the steam chamber ramp-up rate. The numerical model physically predicted the steam chamber ramp-up phase and could be used to efficiently compute a field-scale simulation using a dynamic gridding function that was based on a fine grid model. Full article
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14 pages, 6999 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Factors Influencing Residual Oil Evolution after Alkali/Surfactant/Polymer Flooding in Daqing Oilfield
by Chunlin Nie, Xiaolin Wu, Zhaowei Hou, Junjian Li and Hanqiao Jiang
Energies 2022, 15(3), 1048; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15031048 - 30 Jan 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1789
Abstract
The alkali/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flood has long been considered to reduce residual oil saturation significantly after waterflood. This paper provides an experimental investigation of the factors (permeability, pore structure, ASP formula, injection volume, viscosity, and injection volume) that influence the evolution of residual oil [...] Read more.
The alkali/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flood has long been considered to reduce residual oil saturation significantly after waterflood. This paper provides an experimental investigation of the factors (permeability, pore structure, ASP formula, injection volume, viscosity, and injection volume) that influence the evolution of residual oil after ASP flooding. ASP flood experiments were conducted on the cores drilled in Daqing field, and two-dimensional real-structure micromodels were constructed based on these cores. For the ASP core flood experiments, X-ray computed tomography imaging was used for the visualization of the residual oil evolution. For the ASP micromodel flood experiments, images of the residual oil distribution were obtained using a microscope with a 5× magnification objective. The results showed that as water saturation increased during the flood, the proportion of oil clusters decreased, and the proportion of oil droplets first increased and then decreased. For the cores with smaller pore throats and more complex pore structure, the residual oil became more scattered. In this case, the oil clusters became smaller, and oil droplets became easier to retain. An increased injection rate improved the emulsification, resulting in more residual oil in small pores getting replaced. Increasing the viscosity by increasing the polymer concentration improved the sweep efficiency, mainly because residual oil in large pore throats was displaced, but had a negative impact on emulsification. Increasing the viscosity of the injection fluid was shown to have a negative impact on improving the oil recovery ratio, because the mobilization of residual oil in smaller pores was greatly impacted by emulsification. The effect of increasing injection volume on improving recovery was more pronounced for cores with lower permeability. Full article
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13 pages, 3121 KiB  
Article
The Effects of the Length and Conductivity of Artificial Fracture on Gas Production from a Class 3 Hydrate Reservoir
by Shilong Shang, Lijuan Gu and Hailong Lu
Energies 2021, 14(22), 7513; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14227513 - 10 Nov 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1253
Abstract
Natural gas hydrate is considered as a potential energy resource. To develop technologies for the exploitation of natural gas hydrate, several field gas production tests have been carried out in permafrost and continental slope sediments. However, the gas production rates in these tests [...] Read more.
Natural gas hydrate is considered as a potential energy resource. To develop technologies for the exploitation of natural gas hydrate, several field gas production tests have been carried out in permafrost and continental slope sediments. However, the gas production rates in these tests were still limited, and the low permeability of the hydrate-bearing sediments is identified as one of the crucial factors. Artificial fracturing is proposed to promote gas production rate by improving reservoir permeability. In this research, numerical studies about the effect of fracture length and fluid conductivity on production performance were carried out on an artificially fractured Class 3 hydrate reservoir (where the single hydrate zone is surrounded by an overlaying and underlying hydrate-free zone), in which the equivalent conductivity method was applied to depict the artificial fracture. The results show that artificial fracture can enhance gas production by offering an extra fluid flow channel for the migration of gas released from hydrate dissociation. The effect of fracture length on production is closely related to the time frame of production, and gas production improvement by enlarging the fracture length is observed after a certain production duration. Through the production process, secondary hydrate formation is absent in the fracture, and the high conductivity in the fracture is maintained. The results indicate that the increase in fracture conductivity has a limited effect on enhancing gas production. Full article
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