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Operation and Control of Microgrids Using Internet of Things (IoT)

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A1: Smart Grids and Microgrids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 January 2022) | Viewed by 8228

Special Issue Editor

Microgrid Lab Manager, Digital Energy Division, North America Operations, Schneider Electric, 800 Federal Street, Andover, MA 01810, USA
Interests: energy; power distribution; electromagnetic and photonics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Power system is experiencing a paradigm shifting from one-way power flow to a dynamic bidirectional power flow. This is primarily due to distributed energy generation (DEG) from both renewable and nonrenewable sources. However, the deployment of a substantial amount of DEG impacted the regular operation of existing grid which is built to provide one-way power flow. A traditional approach of centralize control operation of generating units need a major revision to accommodate this growing amount of distributed generation. Adaptive planning and operation strategy need to be employed to keep up with these changes. Smart monitoring and control bring intelligence to all level of power grid. The customer end of the microgrid (MG) acts as a host for distributed energy resources with independent control and communication capability. These properties make MG a building block for smart grid technology. With automation and distributed control, energy flow in MG and its integration to the existing grid infrastructure can be managed remotely and intelligently. Internet of things (IoT) is the technology of choice for this remote monitoring and control.

This Special Issue aims to collect original research or review articles on different types of IoT based MG control and Monitoring both from a fundamental and an applied point of view. Both the energy flow and networking aspect of IoT will be considered for research paper.

Dr. Kaisar R. Khan
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • IoT
  • Microgrid
  • Renewable
  • Distributed Energy Resource

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 6092 KiB  
Article
IoT-Based Mobile Energy Storage Operation in Multi-MG Power Distribution Systems to Enhance System Resiliency
by Md Shahin Alam and Seyed Ali Arefifar
Energies 2022, 15(1), 314; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15010314 - 03 Jan 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1282
Abstract
Multi-microgrids have gained interest in academics and industry in recent years. Multi-microgrid (MG) allows the integration of different distributed energy resources (DERs), including intermittent renewables and controllable local generators, and provides a more flexible, reliable, and efficient power grid. This research formulates and [...] Read more.
Multi-microgrids have gained interest in academics and industry in recent years. Multi-microgrid (MG) allows the integration of different distributed energy resources (DERs), including intermittent renewables and controllable local generators, and provides a more flexible, reliable, and efficient power grid. This research formulates and proposes a solution for finding optimal location and operation of mobile energy storage (MES) in multi-MG power distribution systems (PDS) with different resources during extreme events to maximize system resiliency. For this purpose, a multi-stage event-based system resiliency index is defined and the impact of the Internet of things (IoT) application in MES operation in multi-MG systems is investigated. Moreover, the demand and price uncertainty impact on multi-MG operational performance indices is presented. This research uses a popular PG & E 69-bus multi-MG power distribution network for simulation and case studies. A new hybrid PSO-TS optimization algorithm is constructed for the simulations to better understand the contributions of MES units and different DERs and IoT on the operational aspects of a multi-MG system. The results obtained from the simulations illustrate that optimal operation of MES and other energy resources, along with the corresponding energy sharing strategies, significantly improves the distribution system operational performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Operation and Control of Microgrids Using Internet of Things (IoT))
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31 pages, 3981 KiB  
Article
Message Queuing Telemetry Transport Communication Infrastructure for Grid-Connected AC Microgrids Management
by Babak Arbab-Zavar, Emilio J. Palacios-Garcia, Juan C. Vasquez and Josep M. Guerrero
Energies 2021, 14(18), 5610; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14185610 - 07 Sep 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2334
Abstract
In a context with an increasing number of non-traditional power sources, smart inverters function as the main interfaces between distributed energy resources (DERs) and the power bus. This role is even more prominent in microgrids (MGs), where numerous DERs must be controlled and [...] Read more.
In a context with an increasing number of non-traditional power sources, smart inverters function as the main interfaces between distributed energy resources (DERs) and the power bus. This role is even more prominent in microgrids (MGs), where numerous DERs must be controlled and coordinated. For this aim, MGs need to implement suitable communication links since, even in distributed control, the system must compensate voltage and frequency deviations caused by local controllers. Likewise, a communication system is required to optimize its operation. This paper aims to apply the technological advances brought by the Internet of Things (IoT) to the issue of communication within an MG. The work proposes a wireless communication architecture based on the message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol, accompanied by a set of requirements and specifications to establish a multi-directional information flow between DERs in an MG, and potential energy management system (EMS) or secondary controllers. A laboratory-scale testbed was implemented to demonstrate the operation of an EMS in the proposed architecture. The experimental results showed how current control structures seamlessly integrate with the proposed communication system. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that communication latencies or failures did not comprise the stability of the MG, but only decreased the optimality of the EMS control strategy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Operation and Control of Microgrids Using Internet of Things (IoT))
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21 pages, 3340 KiB  
Article
Assessing the Techno-Economic Impact of Derating Factors on Optimally Tilted Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Systems
by Hasan Masrur, Keifa Vamba Konneh, Mikaeel Ahmadi, Kaisar R. Khan, Mohammad Lutfi Othman and Tomonobu Senjyu
Energies 2021, 14(4), 1044; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14041044 - 17 Feb 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3546
Abstract
Photovoltaic (PV) systems encounter substantial losses throughout their lifespan due to the different derating factors of PV modules. Those factors mainly vary according to the geographical location and PV panel characteristics. However, the available literature does not explicitly concentrate on the technical and [...] Read more.
Photovoltaic (PV) systems encounter substantial losses throughout their lifespan due to the different derating factors of PV modules. Those factors mainly vary according to the geographical location and PV panel characteristics. However, the available literature does not explicitly concentrate on the technical and economic impact of the derating factors within the PV system. Owing to that necessity, this study performs a comprehensive analysis of various PV loss parameters followed by a techno-economic assessment of derating factors using the average value on a grid-connected and optimally tilted PV system located in Hatiya, Bangladesh. Some criteria linked to the derating factors such as PV degradation and ambient temperature are further explored to analyze their impact on the aforementioned power system. Simulation results show that PV power generation would vary around 12% annually, subject to a 10% variation in the derating factor. Again, a 10% difference in the derating factor changes the net present cost (NPC) by around 3% to 4%. The system provides the best technical performance concerning annual PV production, power trade with the grid, and the renewable fraction at a higher value of the derating factor since it represents a lower impact of the loss parameters. Similarly, the financial performance in terms of the NPC, levelized cost of energy (LCOE), and grid power exchange cost is found to be lower when the derating factor value is higher. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Operation and Control of Microgrids Using Internet of Things (IoT))
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