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Permanent Magnet Machines for Wave Energy Converters
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Permanent Magnet Machines for Wave Energy Converters

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A3: Wind, Wave and Tidal Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2022) | Viewed by 8632

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Nick Baker

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
Interests: electromagnetic design of novel topology electrical machines for wave energy, automotive and aerospace; numerical modelling and optimization of three-dimensional flux machines; grid integration of renewable energy; linear machines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In wave energy, efficiency plays an important role in the lifetime cost of energy—more than the capital cost of the generator. Low-speed, high-torque, and fixed-space constraints naturally lead the electrical machine designer towards rare earth permanent magnet (PM) topologies. However, there are numerous configurations. Selection of a specific topology is guided by such performance requirements as rated torque, torque ripple, power factor, efficiency, overload capacity, and mechanical constraints. In many configurations, the electrical drive is also responsible for wave energy control. This unusual application has led to the design, development, and demonstration of a range of novel electrical machines and drives at various scales.

This Special Issue aims to pull together recent developments in the area of permanent magnet electrical machines designed for use as the power take-off in wave energy converters. The scope of this Special Issue includes novel machine topologies, novel configurations, magnetic gears, electric drives, and design and integration issues. 

Dr. Nick Baker
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • permanent magnet machines
  • novel generators
  • wave energy
  • linear machines
  • power converters and control
  • magnetic gears
  • magnetic ball screws

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 8988 KiB  
Article
Development and Wave Tank Demonstration of a Fully Controlled Permanent Magnet Drive for a Heaving Wave Energy Converter
by Nick J. Baker, Ahmed Almoraya, Mohammad A. H. Raihan, Steve McDonald and Luke McNabb
Energies 2022, 15(13), 4811; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15134811 - 30 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2017
Abstract
One option for converting the energy in sea waves into renewable electricity is the development of floating wave energy converters coupled to electrical generators. For this to work, bespoke slow-speed electrical machines coupled to bidirectional power smoothing power electronic converters are required. This [...] Read more.
One option for converting the energy in sea waves into renewable electricity is the development of floating wave energy converters coupled to electrical generators. For this to work, bespoke slow-speed electrical machines coupled to bidirectional power smoothing power electronic converters are required. This paper reports on the successful design and wave tank validation of an electric machine, power converter and fully controlled direct drive power take-off system coupled to two small scale heaving wave energy converters. The design, development and demonstration of linear generators and power converters is presented including some simulated and laboratory results. Demonstration of wave energy converters with pure electric drives, fully automated control, bidirectional power flow and active force management is almost unique and essential for future wave energy development. The results presented prove that direct-drive power take-off for wave energy devices is technically possible and can be used to implement an automated control system with bidirectional power flow in both resonant and non-resonant wave energy systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Permanent Magnet Machines for Wave Energy Converters)
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21 pages, 13416 KiB  
Article
An Experimental Comparison between an Ironless and a Traditional Permanent Magnet Linear Generator for Wave Energy Conversion
by Domenico Curto, Vincenzo Franzitta, Andrea Guercio, Rosario Miceli, Claudio Nevoloso, Francesco Maria Raimondi and Marco Trapanese
Energies 2022, 15(7), 2387; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15072387 - 24 Mar 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 1699
Abstract
Permanent Magnet Linear Generators (PMLGs) are currently being studied for sea wave energy harvesting. Typically, a PMLG consists of an iron-made armature and a moving translator. The permanent magnets adoption produces parasitic effects, such as cogging force, and the machine weight increment. A [...] Read more.
Permanent Magnet Linear Generators (PMLGs) are currently being studied for sea wave energy harvesting. Typically, a PMLG consists of an iron-made armature and a moving translator. The permanent magnets adoption produces parasitic effects, such as cogging force, and the machine weight increment. A solution could be the adoption of an ironless configuration, accepting a power density reduction. This paper investigates the use of ironless PMLGs in sea wave energy conversion systems by an experimental comparative analysis between an iron PMLG prototype and an ironless PMLG prototype, which share the same geometry. The main electrical and mechanical parameters (resistance, mass, and magnetic fields) were preliminarily measured. Subsequently, open-circuit and load tests were carried out to compare the induced voltages, the energy transferred to a resistive load, efficiency and the load average power. The reported comparison shows that iron PMLG performances are significantly superior to the ironless ones during the open-circuit tests, as expected. However, the analysis carried out through the load tests shows that the cogging force significantly limits the energy production, obtaining similar values in both machines. Therefore, the experimental tests justify the use of ironless machines in sea wave energy harvesting, where the maximization of energy production is a relevant target. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Permanent Magnet Machines for Wave Energy Converters)
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10 pages, 3620 KiB  
Article
Core-Loss Analysis of Linear Magnetic Gears Using the Analytical Method
by Jeong-In Lee, Kyung-Hun Shin, Tae-Kyoung Bang, Kyong-Hwan Kim, Key-Yong Hong and Jang-Young Choi
Energies 2021, 14(10), 2905; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14102905 - 18 May 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1706
Abstract
In this study, analysis of core-loss occurring in the magnetic flux modulation core of a linear magnetic gear and the core of each mover is presented, using an analytical method. Losses in electric machines were generally calculated and analyzed using the finite element [...] Read more.
In this study, analysis of core-loss occurring in the magnetic flux modulation core of a linear magnetic gear and the core of each mover is presented, using an analytical method. Losses in electric machines were generally calculated and analyzed using the finite element method (FEM). However, in the case of core-loss, the exact loss value could not be calculated using FEM data. Therefore, we considered the harmonic component of the air-gap magnetic flux density waveform with the modified Steinmetz equation, and performed a more accurate core-loss analysis with magnetic behavior analysis. Thus, we performed a calculated core-loss characteristic comparison with the FEM and the modified Steinmetz equation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Permanent Magnet Machines for Wave Energy Converters)
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15 pages, 6771 KiB  
Article
Effect of Pole Shoe Design on Inclination Angle of Different Magnetic Fields in Permanent Magnet Machines
by Jonathan Sjölund and Sandra Eriksson
Energies 2021, 14(9), 2437; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14092437 - 24 Apr 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2093
Abstract
Electromagnetic modelling of electrical machines through finite element analysis is an important design tool for detailed studies of high resolution. Through the usage of finite element analysis, one can study the electromagnetic fields for information that is often difficult to acquire in an [...] Read more.
Electromagnetic modelling of electrical machines through finite element analysis is an important design tool for detailed studies of high resolution. Through the usage of finite element analysis, one can study the electromagnetic fields for information that is often difficult to acquire in an experimental test bench. The requirement for accurate result is that the magnetic circuit is modelled in a correct way, which may be more difficult to maintain for rare earth free permanent magnets with an operating range that is more likely to be close to non-linear regions for the relation between magnetic flux density and magnetic field strength. In this paper, the inclination angles of the magnetic flux density, magnetic field strength and magnetization are studied and means to reduce the inclination angles are investigated. Both rotating and linear machines are investigated in this paper, with different current densities induced in the stator windings. By proper design of the pole shoes, one can reduce the inclination angles of the fields in the permanent magnet. By controlling the inclination angles, one can both enhance the performance of the magnetic circuit and increase the accuracy of simpler models for permanent magnet modelling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Permanent Magnet Machines for Wave Energy Converters)
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