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Renewable Energy from Solid Waste
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Renewable Energy from Solid Waste

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A4: Bio-Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 16510

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Abel Rouboa

E-Mail Website1 Website2 Website3
Guest Editor
1. Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
2. LAETA-INEGI, Associated Laboratory for Energy, Transports and Aeronautics-Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
Interests: biomass; gasification; waste-to-energy; plasma; forest residues; thermal process; modelling; CFD
Prof. Dr. Eliseu Monteiro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
VALORIZA-Research Center for Endogenous Resource Valorisation, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal
Interests: biomass; waste-to-energy; gasification; combustion; CFD
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Thermochemical methods are one of the possibilities to process solid waste, as they refer to the thermal methodologies able to decompose carbonaceous materials into their constituent molecules, breaking the chemical bonds and recovering the energy they enclose. In this sense, it is possible to establish the so-called “waste-to-energy” (WtE) techniques, which convert the initial feedstock into energy, simultaneously reducing or eliminating disposal and toxicity issues related to the end of life stage of the utilized resources.

In the view of a more sustainable society and way of living, WtE has been widely assessed as an option to fossil fuels, since it may be seen as a carbon-neutral feedstock. Indeed, origin of agriculture waste or biomass relies on photosynthesis which uses the carbon dioxide present in the air, water and sunlight to produce organic matter in the form of plants. Plants will ultimately give place to agricultural and forestry waste, sewage sludge, domestic organic waste, agro-industrial residues, etc. Therefore, if biomass/waste is efficiently processed, the original compounds will be recycled with (virtually).

This Special Issue, entitled “Renewable energy from solid waste” for the international journal Energies, mainly covers original research and studies related to the abovementioned topics including, but not limited to, Solid waste gasification, Plasma gasification, Municipal Solid Waste to energy, and so on. Papers selected for this Special Issue are subjected to a rigorous peer review procedure with the aim of rapid and wide dissemination of research results, development, and application.

I am writing to invite you to submit your original work to this Special Issue. I am looking forward to receiving your outstanding research.

Prof. Abel Rouboa
Prof. Dr. Eliseu Monteiro
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • waste to energy; gasification of solid waste; plasma gasification process; SYNGAS production; forestry waste; domestic organic waste; agro-industrial residues

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 6387 KiB  
Article
Microwave Pre-Treatment and Blending of Biomass Pellets for Sustainable Use of Local Energy Resources in Energy Production
by Linards Goldšteins, Māris Gunārs Dzenis, Viesturs Šints, Raimonds Valdmanis, Maija Zaķe and Alexandr Arshanitsa
Energies 2022, 15(9), 3347; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15093347 - 04 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1400
Abstract
In the present study analysis of co-firing microwave (MW) pre-treated biomass pellets of different origins (wood and wheat straw), with raw pellets (wood, straw, and peat), to control and improve thermochemical conversion of biomass blends and achieve a sustainable use of local energy [...] Read more.
In the present study analysis of co-firing microwave (MW) pre-treated biomass pellets of different origins (wood and wheat straw), with raw pellets (wood, straw, and peat), to control and improve thermochemical conversion of biomass blends and achieve a sustainable use of local energy resources in energy production has been carried out. Effects of MW pre-treatment regimes and composition of blends were studied experimentally using measurements of the weight loss of blends, the yield of volatiles, flame temperature, total heat output from the device, and composition of products. It was found that co-firing MW pre-treated and raw biomass pellets promotes synergistic interaction between components of blends by increasing mass loss rate, the intensity of which depends on the proximate composition of pellets, MW pre-treatment regime and mass fraction of pre-treated pellets in the blend. The most effective synergistic interaction was found when co-firing pre-treated straw or wood pellets with raw peat, which increased the yield of combustible volatiles and heat output from the device as well as improved the composition of emissions. The least effective synergistic interaction was observed when co-firing pre-treated straw with raw wood pellets. Main factors that influenced the thermal and chemical conversion of MW pre-treated blends are discussed considering the effects of MW pre-treatment on the structural changes, elemental and chemical composition, and heating value of pre-treated pellets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy from Solid Waste)
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20 pages, 3042 KiB  
Article
Characteristics of the Main- and Side-Stream Products of Microwave Assisted Torrefaction of Lignocellulosic Biomass of Different Origination
by Alexandr Arshanitsa, Lilija Jashina, Matiss Pals, Jevgenija Ponomarenko, Yegor Akishin and Maja Zake
Energies 2022, 15(5), 1857; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15051857 - 02 Mar 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1901
Abstract
In this paper, the yields and composition of solid and condensable products that were obtained by microwave-assisted torrefaction of softwood, wheat straw, and peat fuel pellets, defined as main- and side-stream torrefaction products, were studied. The torrefaction process, at temperatures varied in the [...] Read more.
In this paper, the yields and composition of solid and condensable products that were obtained by microwave-assisted torrefaction of softwood, wheat straw, and peat fuel pellets, defined as main- and side-stream torrefaction products, were studied. The torrefaction process, at temperatures varied in the range of 200–300 °C, was performed using a laboratory-scale torrefactor of original construction. Water-enriched fractions were distilled off from condensable products to isolate tar fractions, the fuel characteristics of which were compared with those of solid fractions. Py-GC/MS/FID, GC/MS/FID, thermal analysis, elemental analysis, and wet chemistry methods were used to characterize the main- and side-stream torrefaction products, with a focus on their valorization according to the biorefinery approach. The simultaneous development of the destruction and condensation processes in lignocarbohydrate complexes during microwave treatment leads to an increase in the relative portion of aromatic compounds in torrefied biomass, increasing the higher heating value (HHV) of the solid fractions. The increase up to 60% of the heat amount that was liberated due to the thermal oxidative conversion of solid fractions vs. that of the non-treated ones was established by DSC tests. The heat that was liberated by the combustion of the tar fractions was much lower than that of solid fractions, which was explained by the composition of tars, influencing their thermal conversion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy from Solid Waste)
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24 pages, 7382 KiB  
Article
Thermo-Chemical Conversion of Microwave Selectively Pre-Treated Biomass Blends
by Linards Goldšteins, Māris Gunārs Dzenis, Raimonds Valdmanis, Maija Zaķe and Alexandr Arshanitsa
Energies 2022, 15(3), 755; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15030755 - 20 Jan 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1375
Abstract
Possibilities of more efficient use of regional lignocellulosic resources (wood, wheat straw, peat) of different origin for an environmentally friendly energy production using selectively MW pre-treated blends of commercial wood or wheat straw pellets with raw peat pellets are studied. A hypothesis is [...] Read more.
Possibilities of more efficient use of regional lignocellulosic resources (wood, wheat straw, peat) of different origin for an environmentally friendly energy production using selectively MW pre-treated blends of commercial wood or wheat straw pellets with raw peat pellets are studied. A hypothesis is proposed and tested that selective MW pre-treatment of wood or wheat straw pellets at the frequency 2.45 GHz and blending of MW pre-treated pellets with raw peat pellets can be used to enhance and control the thermo-chemical conversion of biomass blends. To test this hypothesis, a combined experimental study and mathematical modelling of the processes were performed. The thermo-chemical conversion of selectively activated blends was experimentally studied using a batch-size pilot device, which consists of a biomass gasifier and a combustor. To evaluate the effect of selective MW pre-treatment of biomass pellets on the thermo-chemical conversion of pre-treated blends, measurements of the kinetics of weight loss, yield of combustible volatiles, flame temperature, heat output of the device, and composition of emissions were made at different MW pre-treatment regimes of wheat straw and wood pellets and different mass fractions of pre-treated pellets in biomass blends. The developed novel 2D numerical model of thermo-chemical conversion of MW pre-treated straw confirmed that the pre-treatment of wheat straw pellets increases the generated heat and significantly affects the temperature distribution in the flame/bed zones. It was confirmed that MW pre-treatment leads to a faster thermal decomposition of biomass pellets, synergistically activating the non-treated parts of blends. The overall improved yield of combustible volatiles and their complete combustion provide a surplus of heat production by limiting the formation of GHG emissions, which allows promoting MW pre-treated biomass of different origin as efficient regional bioenergy resources for energy production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy from Solid Waste)
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16 pages, 22098 KiB  
Article
Mechanistic Insights into Hydrodeoxygenation of Acetone over Mo/HZSM-5 Bifunctional Catalyst for the Production of Hydrocarbons
by Kai Miao, Tan Li, Jing Su, Cong Wang and Kaige Wang
Energies 2022, 15(1), 53; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15010053 - 22 Dec 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2192
Abstract
Catalytic hydropyrolysis via the introduction of external hydrogen into catalytic pyrolysis process using hydrodeoxygenation catalysts is one of the major approaches of bio-oil upgrading. In this study, hydrodeoxygenation of acetone over Mo/HZSM-5 and HZSM-5 were investigated with focus on the influence of hydrogen [...] Read more.
Catalytic hydropyrolysis via the introduction of external hydrogen into catalytic pyrolysis process using hydrodeoxygenation catalysts is one of the major approaches of bio-oil upgrading. In this study, hydrodeoxygenation of acetone over Mo/HZSM-5 and HZSM-5 were investigated with focus on the influence of hydrogen pressure and catalyst deactivation. It is found that doped MoO3 could prolong the catalyst activity due to the suppression of coke formation. The influence of hydrogen pressure on catalytic HDO of acetone was further studied. Hydrogen pressure of 30 bar effectively prolonged catalyst activity while decreased the coke deposition over catalyst. The coke formation over the HZSM-5 and Mo/HZSM-5 under 30 bar hydrogen pressure decreased 66% and 83%, respectively, compared to that under atmospheric hydrogen pressure. Compared to the test with the HZSM-5, 35% higher yield of aliphatics and 60% lower coke were obtained from the Mo/HZSM-5 under 30 bar hydrogen pressure. Characterization of the spent Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst revealed the deactivation was mainly due to the carbon deposition blocking the micropores and Bronsted acid sites. Mo/HZSM-5 was proved to be potentially enhanced production of hydrocarbons. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy from Solid Waste)
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Review

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21 pages, 8534 KiB  
Review
A Review on Plasma Gasification of Solid Residues: Recent Advances and Developments
by Matheus Oliveira, Ana Ramos, Tamer M. Ismail, Eliseu Monteiro and Abel Rouboa
Energies 2022, 15(4), 1475; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15041475 - 17 Feb 2022
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 8603
Abstract
The increase in production and consumption of goods has generated a surplus of waste, which destination is commonly the landfilling sites. This represents a major bottleneck in the production chain and creates new challenges for sustainable development. Due to the environmental and economic [...] Read more.
The increase in production and consumption of goods has generated a surplus of waste, which destination is commonly the landfilling sites. This represents a major bottleneck in the production chain and creates new challenges for sustainable development. Due to the environmental and economic benefits, the use of renewable and ecological fuels derived from waste has received global attention. Plasma is one of the techniques that enable achieving renewable energy from solid residues, contributing to landfill avoidance and resource reutilization in line with the circular economy principles and supporting United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 7 (affordable and clean energy), 12 (responsible consumption and production), and 13 (climate action). This article presents a review and analysis of literature related to the use of plasma gasification of solid waste as a method of waste recovery. This article portrays the efforts that have been made in this direction and the barriers to the dissemination of technology for commercial applications. The focus of this article comprises (a) extracting valuable aspects from various studies, including laboratory and field studies, (b) summarizing the work done so far, and (c) compiling studies and findings on plasma gasifiers and recent developments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy from Solid Waste)
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