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Energies
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Research Advances in Liquid Biofuels
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Research Advances in Liquid Biofuels

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A4: Bio-Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (26 June 2019) | Viewed by 11962

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Paolo Defilippis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials & Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
Interests: biomass and waste valorization to energy; thermochemical processes; gasification; pyrolysis (conventional and hydrothermal); by-product valorization; hydrogen production; syngas cleaning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Benedetta de Caprariis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Interests: biomass; biofuels; hydrothermal liquefaction; green hydrogen; syngas; gasification
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biofuels have emerged as one of the most promising sources of energy for the foreseeable future. While the readiness level of the available technologies to produce gaseous and solid biofuels are in an advanced state and many industrial scale plants are already in operation, the technologies available for the production of liquid biofuels are limited and most of them are not ready to be upgraded to the industrial level. The knowledge of the research advances in bioliquid fuel production processes is thus a fundamental step not only for the scientific community but also for private company investors.

We invite authors to submit original research and review articles that will encourage a deeper understanding of the biomass conversion processes necessary for their practical application and spreading. We are particularly interested in articles describing potential processes innovations, as well as the modeling necessary for processes optimization and the advances in product improvement and by-product valorization.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

Conventional and innovative biofuel production processes;

Feedstock selection and product characteristics;

Process kinetics and modelling;

Refining, storage and upgrading of biocrude/biooil products;

Systems development for sustainability: environmental, economic, and social impacts.

Prof. Paolo Defilippis
Dr. Benedetta de Caprariis
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Bio-oil
  • pyrolysis
  • hydrothermal liquefaction
  • upgrading
  • synthetic fuels
  • syngas
  • biomass

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 1791 KiB  
Article
Cost and Profitability Analysis of a Prospective Pennycress to Sustainable Aviation Fuel Supply Chain in Southern USA
by Carlos Omar Trejo-Pech, James A. Larson, Burton C. English and T. Edward Yu
Energies 2019, 12(16), 3055; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en12163055 - 08 Aug 2019
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4550
Abstract
This study evaluates biorefinery bio-oil feedstock costs at the plant gate for a prospective field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) to sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) supply chain. The biorefinery would supply SAF to the Nashville, Tennessee international airport. Supply chain activities include pennycress [...] Read more.
This study evaluates biorefinery bio-oil feedstock costs at the plant gate for a prospective field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) to sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) supply chain. The biorefinery would supply SAF to the Nashville, Tennessee international airport. Supply chain activities include pennycress production, transporting oilseed to a crushing facility, processing of oilseed into bio-oil, and transporting bio-oil to the biorefinery. The analysis shows profit potential for economic agents in the prospective supply chain. Estimated breakeven cost (profit = 0) of growing, harvesting, and transporting oilseed to a crushing facility is 17.7 ¢ kg−1. A crushing facility can pay up to 23.8 ¢ kg−1 for pennycress oilseed during the first year of production and provide investors 12.5% annual rate of return. Therefore, a profit margin of up to 6.1 ¢ kg−1 is available for the crushing facility to induce prospective pennycress producers to supply oilseed for SAF production. However, the estimated profit margin was sensitive mainly to uncertain oilseed yields, changes in field production costs, and pennycress meal and bio-oil prices. A spatial biorefineries sitting model, the Biofuels Facility Location Analysis Modeling Endeavor, estimated that the least-cost supply chain configuration is to establish three crushing facilities located in Union City, Huntington, and Clarksville, TN, to supply bio-oil to the biorefinery, with the biorefinery sited in an industrial park about 24.14 km from the Nashville international airport aviation fuel storage. Estimated total costs of bio-oil at the biorefinery plant gate are between 83 and 109 ¢ kg−1 if crushing facility oilseed procurement costs are between 17.7 and 23.8 ¢ kg−1 for oilseed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Advances in Liquid Biofuels)
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14 pages, 4314 KiB  
Article
High Quality Syngas Production with Supercritical Biomass Gasification Integrated with a Water–Gas Shift Reactor
by M. M. Sarafraz, Mohammad Reza Safaei, M. Jafarian, Marjan Goodarzi and M. Arjomandi
Energies 2019, 12(13), 2591; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en12132591 - 05 Jul 2019
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3619
Abstract
A thermodynamic assessment is conducted for a new configuration of a supercritical water gasification plant with a water–gas shift reactor. The proposed configuration offers the potential for the production of syngas at different H2:CO ratios for various applications such as the [...] Read more.
A thermodynamic assessment is conducted for a new configuration of a supercritical water gasification plant with a water–gas shift reactor. The proposed configuration offers the potential for the production of syngas at different H2:CO ratios for various applications such as the Fischer–Tropsch process or fuel cells, and it is a path for addressing the common challenges associated with conventional gasification plants such as nitrogen dilution and ash separation. The proposed concept consists of two reactors, R1 and R2, where the carbon containing fuel is gasified (in reactor R1) and in reactor R2, the quality of the syngas (H2:CO ratio) is substantially improved. Reactor R1 is a supercritical water gasifier and reactor R2 is a water–gas shift reactor. The proposed concept was modelled using the Gibbs minimization method with HSC chemistry software. Our results show that the supercritical water to fuel ratio (SCW/C) is a key parameter for determining the quality of syngas (molar ratio of H2:CO) and the carbon conversion reaches 100%, when the SWC/C ratio ranges between two and 2.5 at 500–1000 °C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Advances in Liquid Biofuels)
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17 pages, 2027 KiB  
Article
Experimental Investigation of Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of a Common-Rail Diesel Engine Fuelled with Bioethanol as a Fuel Additive in Coconut Oil Biodiesel Blends
by Y.H. Teoh, K.H. Yu, H.G. How and H.-T. Nguyen
Energies 2019, 12(10), 1954; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en12101954 - 22 May 2019
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3410
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of adding of bioethanol as a fuel additive to a coconut biodiesel-diesel fuel blend on engine performance, exhaust emissions, and combustion characteristics were studied in a medium-duty, high-pressure common-rail turbocharged four-cylinder diesel engine under different torque conditions. [...] Read more.
In the present study, the effects of adding of bioethanol as a fuel additive to a coconut biodiesel-diesel fuel blend on engine performance, exhaust emissions, and combustion characteristics were studied in a medium-duty, high-pressure common-rail turbocharged four-cylinder diesel engine under different torque conditions. The test fuels used were fossil diesel fuels, B20 (20% biodiesel blend), B20E5 (20% biodiesel + 5% bioethanol blend), and B20E10 (20% biodiesel + 10% bioethanol blend). The experimental results demonstrated that there was an improvement in the brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of the blends at the expense of brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) for each bioethanol blend. An increment in nitrogen oxide (NOx) across the entire load range, except at low load conditions, was found with a higher percentage of the bioethanol blend. Also, it was found that simultaneous smoke and carbon monoxide (CO) emission reduction from the baseline levels of petroleum diesel fuel is attainable by utilizing all types of fuel blends. In terms of combustion characteristics, the utilization of bioethanol blended fuels presented a rise in the peak in-cylinder pressure and peak heat release rate (HRR) at a low engine load, especially for the B20E10 blend. Furthermore, the B20E10 showed shorter combustion duration, which reduced by an average of 1.375 °CA compared to the corresponding baseline diesel. This study therefore showed that the B20E10 blend exhibited great improvements in the diesel engine, thus demonstrating that bioethanol is a feasible fuel additive for coconut biodiesel-diesel blends. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Advances in Liquid Biofuels)
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