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Smart Grid Voltage Control
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Smart Grid Voltage Control

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A1: Smart Grids and Microgrids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 February 2022) | Viewed by 8330

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Amedeo Andreotti

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Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy
Interests: voltage regulation control; smart grids; distributed energy management
Dr. Alberto Petrillo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy
Interests: decentralized control architecture; design of distributed cooperative control for multiagent systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Modern power systems require reliable voltage control architectures, which should be able to promptly compensate voltage fluctuations. Self-organizing, highly scalable, and distributed, they are probably the architectures of the future, but their deployment in realistic operation scenarios is still an open issue due to, just as an example, the presence of non-ideal and unreliable communication systems. In this context, the research for new, more advanced, voltage control architectures represents one of the most promising research directions for smart power grids. In this regard, this Special Issue invites researchers and industry to contribute with new proposals in terms of devices, techniques, and algorithms which can face the new challenge of voltage regulation in the context of smart power grids. Review papers are also welcome.

Prof. Amedeo Andreotti
Dr. Alberto Petrillo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Voltage control
  • Voltage control in smart grids
  • Desing of decentralized control strategies for voltage control
  • Design of resilient control systems for voltaghe control
  • Cost effective benefits analysis of new solutions for voltage control
  • Environmental impact analysis

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

31 pages, 1329 KiB  
Article
Decentralized Voltage Control in Active Distribution Systems: Features and Open Issues
by Giuseppe Fusco, Mario Russo and Michele De Santis
Energies 2021, 14(9), 2563; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14092563 - 29 Apr 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2078
Abstract
Voltage control is becoming a key issue in active distribution systems, which are electric distribution networks characterized by a large penetration of DERs. Traditional voltage control devices, as well as the active and reactive powers injected by DERs, can be used as ancillary [...] Read more.
Voltage control is becoming a key issue in active distribution systems, which are electric distribution networks characterized by a large penetration of DERs. Traditional voltage control devices, as well as the active and reactive powers injected by DERs, can be used as ancillary services to support voltage profiles along the distribution feeders. Due to the peculiar characteristics of active distribution systems, the decentralized control approach presents the most promising technical and economical features. In the paper, the decentralized voltage control structure is hierarchically decomposed into different control levels, characterized by different objectives and time frames. The primary and secondary control levels have been analyzed, always according to a decentralized approach. For each level, the various techniques for solving the voltage control problem that have been proposed in the literature are presented, and their main features compared. The main open issues related to the real time practical implementation of the decentralized architectures at both primary and secondary voltage control levels are investigated, keeping always in mind both technical and economical aspects, which always represent the components of a trade-off solution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Grid Voltage Control)
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22 pages, 1043 KiB  
Article
Robust Distributed Secondary Voltage Restoration Control of AC Microgrids under Multiple Communication Delays
by Milad Gholami, Alessandro Pilloni, Alessandro Pisano and Elio Usai
Energies 2021, 14(4), 1165; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14041165 - 22 Feb 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2194
Abstract
This paper focuses on the robust distributed secondary voltage restoration control of AC microgrids (MGs) under multiple communication delays and nonlinear model uncertainties. The problem is addressed in a multi-agent fashion where the generators’ local controllers play the role of cooperative agents communicating [...] Read more.
This paper focuses on the robust distributed secondary voltage restoration control of AC microgrids (MGs) under multiple communication delays and nonlinear model uncertainties. The problem is addressed in a multi-agent fashion where the generators’ local controllers play the role of cooperative agents communicating over a network and where electrical couplings among generators are interpreted as disturbances to be rejected. Communications are considered to be affected by heterogeneous network-induced time-varying delays with given upper-bounds and the MG is subjected to nonlinear model uncertainties and abrupt changes in the operating working condition. Robustness against uncertainties is achieved by means of an integral sliding mode control term embedded in the control protocol. Then, the global voltage restoration stability, despite the communication delays, is demonstrated through a Lyapunov-Krasovskii analysis. Given the delays’ bounds, and because the resulting stability conditions result in being non-convex with respect to the controller gain, then a relaxed linear matrix inequalities-based tuning criteria is developed to maximize the controller tuning, thus minimizing the restoration settling-time. By means of that, a criteria to estimate the maximal delay margin tolerated by the system is also provided. Finally, simulations on a faithful nonlinear MG model, showing the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, are further discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Grid Voltage Control)
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14 pages, 498 KiB  
Article
An Interval Mathematic-Based Methodology for Reliable Resilience Analysis of Power Systems in the Presence of Data Uncertainties
by Antonio Pepiciello, Alfredo Vaccaro and Loi Lei Lai
Energies 2020, 13(24), 6632; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en13246632 - 16 Dec 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1539
Abstract
Prevention and mitigation of low probability, high impact events is becoming a priority for power system operators, as natural disasters are hitting critical infrastructures with increased frequency all over the world. Protecting power networks against these events means improving their resilience in planning, [...] Read more.
Prevention and mitigation of low probability, high impact events is becoming a priority for power system operators, as natural disasters are hitting critical infrastructures with increased frequency all over the world. Protecting power networks against these events means improving their resilience in planning, operation and restoration phases. This paper introduces a framework based on time-varying interval Markov Chains to assess system’s resilience to catastrophic events. After recognizing the difficulties in accurately defining transition probabilities, due to the presence of data uncertainty, this paper proposes a novel approach based on interval mathematics, which allows representing the elements of the transition matrices by intervals, and computing reliable enclosures of the transient state probabilities. The proposed framework is validated on a case study, which is based on the resilience analysis of a power system in the presence of multiple contemporary faults. The results show how the proposed framework can successfully enclose all the possible outcomes obtained through Monte Carlo simulation. The main advantages are the low computational burden and high scalability achieved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Grid Voltage Control)
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19 pages, 1758 KiB  
Article
Hierarchical Two-Layer Distributed Control Architecture for Voltage Regulation in Multiple Microgrids in the Presence of Time-Varying Delays
by Amedeo Andreotti, Bianca Caiazzo, Alberto Petrillo, Stefania Santini and Alfredo Vaccaro
Energies 2020, 13(24), 6507; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en13246507 - 09 Dec 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1534
Abstract
The Multiple Microgrids (MMGs) concept has been identified as a promising solution for the management of large-scale power grids in order to maximize the use of widespread renewable energies sources. However, its deployment in realistic operation scenarios is still an open issue due [...] Read more.
The Multiple Microgrids (MMGs) concept has been identified as a promising solution for the management of large-scale power grids in order to maximize the use of widespread renewable energies sources. However, its deployment in realistic operation scenarios is still an open issue due to the presence of non-ideal and unreliable communication systems that allow each component within the power network to share information about its state. Indeed, due to technological constraints, multiple time-varying communication delays consistently appear during data acquisition and the transmission process and their effects must be considered in the control design phase. To this aim, this paper addresses the voltage regulation control problem for MMGs systems in the presence of time-varying communication delays. To solve this problem, we propose a novel hierarchical two-layer distributed control architecture that accounts for the presence of communication latencies in the information exchange. More specifically, the upper control layer aims at guaranteeing a proper and economical reactive power dispatch among MMGs, while the lower control layer aims at ensuring voltage regulation of all electrical buses within each MG to the desired voltage set-point. By leveraging a proper Driver Generator Nodes Selection Algorithm, we first provide the best choice of generator nodes which, considering the upper layer control goal, speeds up the voltage synchronization process of all the buses within each MG to the voltage set-point computed by the upper-control layer. Then, the lower control layer, on the basis of this desired voltage value, drives the reactive power capability of each smart device within each MG and compensates for possible voltage deviations. Simulation analysis is carried out on the realistic case study of an MMGs system consisting of two identical IEEE 14-bus test systems and the numerical results disclose the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, as well as its robustness with respect to load fluctuations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Grid Voltage Control)
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