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Trends and Prospects in a New Generation of Engines and...
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Trends and Prospects in a New Generation of Engines and Powertrains

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "I2: Energy and Combustion Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 4744

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Roberto Finesso

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
Interests: internal combustion engines; hybrid powertrains; combustion and emission formation modeling and control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Omar Marello

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
Interests: internal combustion engines; combustion and emission formation modeling and control; MiL, HiL and rapid prototyping; LCA analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The more and more stringent regulations in terms of pollutant emissions and CO2 emission targets is pushing the companies in the mobility sector to investigate innovative technological solutions for engines and powertrains, which include powertrain electrification, innovative air-path and fuel-path control, innovative combustion concepts, advanced aftertreatment systems, sensor-based and model-based control of the combustion and emission formation processes, biofuels, techniques for the optimization of the powertrain energy fluxes and their integration with the emerging Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) systems, also by means of artificial intelligence.

Taking into account this scenario, this Special Issue aims at encouraging both academic and industrial researchers to present their latest findings concerning the previously cited aspects, which can lead to a significant contribution towards the achievement of green and sustainable mobility.

The authors should provide to the readers a comprehensive and scientifically sound overview of the most recent research and methodological approaches. Both experimental and methodological contributions are welcome.

Dr. Roberto Finesso
Dr. Omar Marello
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • internal combustion engines
  • powertrain electrification
  • powertrain and engine optimization
  • powertrain and engine modeling and control
  • emission formation modeling and control
  • air-path and fuel-path control
  • innovative combustion concepts
  • advanced aftertreatment systems
  • biofuels
  • artificial intelligence systems
  • Model-in-the-Loop (MiL), Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL), Rapid prototyping (RP)
  • energy management optimization algorithms

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 3188 KiB  
Article
Development of a Model-Based Coordinated Air-Fuel Controller for a 3.0 dm3 Diesel Engine and Its Assessment through Model-in-the-Loop
by Loris Ventura, Roberto Finesso and Stefano A. Malan
Energies 2023, 16(2), 907; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en16020907 - 13 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1106
Abstract
The tightening of diesel pollutant emission regulations has made Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) management through steady-state maps obsolete. To overcome the map’s scarce performance and efficiently manage the engine, control systems must cope with ICE transient operations, the coupling between its subsystem dynamics, [...] Read more.
The tightening of diesel pollutant emission regulations has made Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) management through steady-state maps obsolete. To overcome the map’s scarce performance and efficiently manage the engine, control systems must cope with ICE transient operations, the coupling between its subsystem dynamics, and the tradeoff between different requirements. The work demonstrates the effectiveness of a reference generator that coordinates the air path and combustion control systems of a turbocharged heavy-duty diesel engine. The control system coordinator is based on neural networks and allows for following different engine-out Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) targets while satisfying the load request. The air path control system provides the global conditions for the correct functioning of the engine, targeting O2 concentration and pressure in the intake manifold. Through cooperation, the combustion control targets Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP) and NOx to react to rapid changes in the engine operating state and compensates for the remaining deviations with respect to load and NOx targets. The reference generator and the two controller algorithms are suitable for real-time implementation on rapid-prototyping hardware. The performance overall was good, allowing the engine to follow different NOx targets with 150 ppm of deviation and to achieve an average BMEP error of 0.3 bar. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends and Prospects in a New Generation of Engines and Powertrains)
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27 pages, 12999 KiB  
Article
Effect of Coolant Temperature on Performance and Emissions of a Compression Ignition Engine Running on Conventional Diesel and Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO)
by Alessandro Mancarella and Omar Marello
Energies 2023, 16(1), 144; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en16010144 - 23 Dec 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1815
Abstract
To meet future goals of energy sustainability and carbon neutrality, disruptive changes to the current energy mix will be required, and it is expected that renewable fuels, such as hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), will play a significant role. To determine how these fuels [...] Read more.
To meet future goals of energy sustainability and carbon neutrality, disruptive changes to the current energy mix will be required, and it is expected that renewable fuels, such as hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), will play a significant role. To determine how these fuels can transition from pilot scale to the commercial marketplace, extensive research remains needed within the transportation sector. It is well-known that cold engine thermal states, which represent an inevitable portion of a vehicle journey, have significant drawbacks, such as increased incomplete combustion emissions and higher fuel consumption. In view of a more widespread HVO utilization, it is crucial to evaluate its performance under these conditions. In the literature, detailed studies upon these topics are rarely found, especially when HVO is dealt with. Consequently, the aim of this study is to investigate performance and exhaust pollutant emissions of a compression ignition engine running on either regular (petroleum-derived) diesel or HVO at different engine thermal states. This study shows the outcomes of warm-up/cool-down ramps (from cold starts), carried out on two engine operating points (low and high loads) without modifying the original baseline diesel-oriented calibration. Results of calibration parameter sweeps are also shown (on the same engine operating points), with the engine maintained at either high or low coolant temperature while combustion phasing, fuel injection pressure, and intake air flow rate are varied one-factor at a time, to highlight their individual effect on exhaust emissions and engine performance. HVO proved to produce less engine-out incomplete combustion species and soot under all examined conditions and to exhibit greater tolerance of calibration parameter changes compared to diesel, with benefits over conventional fuel intensifying at low coolant temperatures. This would potentially make room for engine recalibration to exploit higher exhaust gas recirculation, delayed injection timings, and/or lower fuel injection pressures to further optimize nitrogen oxides/thermal efficiency trade-off. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends and Prospects in a New Generation of Engines and Powertrains)
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17 pages, 5897 KiB  
Article
Effect of Nonlinear Spring Characteristics on the Efficiency of Free-Piston Engine Generator
by Shoma Irie, Mitsuhide Sato, Tsutomu Mizuno, Fumiya Nishimura and Kaname Naganuma
Energies 2022, 15(20), 7579; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15207579 - 14 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1068
Abstract
Piston motion is an important factor in improving the energy conversion efficiency of free-piston engine generators (FPEGs), and an air cylinder is an important component affecting piston motion. In this study, the effect of the air cylinder specifications on the piston drive frequency [...] Read more.
Piston motion is an important factor in improving the energy conversion efficiency of free-piston engine generators (FPEGs), and an air cylinder is an important component affecting piston motion. In this study, the effect of the air cylinder specifications on the piston drive frequency and energy conversion efficiency is clarified. By considering that the repulsion force of an air cylinder is nonlinear, the main factors that change the piston drive frequency were investigated by simulation. In addition, a piston drive frequency diagram was drawn based on the top surface area of the air cylinder and the compression ratio to discuss the effect of the air cylinder specifications on the piston drive frequency. The results indicate that the air cylinder specifications affect the piston drive frequency and generation force of a linear machine. Moreover, the structure of the air cylinder and the constraints on the maximum generation force of the linear machine narrow the possible operating range in the piston drive frequency. The air cylinder specifications based on the piston drive frequency diagram improved the FPEG energy conversion efficiency by 0.5%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends and Prospects in a New Generation of Engines and Powertrains)
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