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Techniques in Waste Recovery
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Techniques in Waste Recovery

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "B: Energy and Environment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 July 2019) | Viewed by 9150

Special Issue Editor

Dr. María Ángeles Martín-Lara

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
Interests: biomass gasification, pyrolysis, and torrefaction; adsorption of contaminants (mainly heavy metals) by porous solids; advances in mineral processing and management of mining waste; plastic waste management; life cycle assessment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recovery of waste means any operation whose principal result is waste serving a useful purpose by replacing other materials which would otherwise have been used to fulfill a particular function, or waste being prepared to fulfill that function, in the plant or in the wider economy. In recent years, waste recovery has undergone far-reaching changes and new processes have been developed. The production of chemicals, energy, or materials which have the potential to substitute primary raw materials/energetic resources has been greatly investigated.

In this Special Issue of Energies, we invite authors to submit original communications, articles, and reviews on waste recovery by means of recycling, reuse, or reclamation or any other process with a view to reintroducing waste into production processes (including operations resulting in a change in the nature or composition of the waste). The overriding aim of this Special Issue is to provide a platform for researchers to present their latest progress in the development of cleaner, more efficient processes for waste recovery. In this sense, studies about the smelting of lead acid batteries, gasification or pyrolysis, recovery of spent acids, recovery of catalysts, recovery of valuable elements from electronic waste, composting of organic solid waste, mechanical biological treatment of mixed solid waste, anaerobic digestion, use of sewage sludge on agricultural areas, shredding of metal waste, and hydrometallurgical treatment of electroplating sludge, among others, are welcome to this Special Issue.

Prof. María Ángeles Martín-Lara
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • anaerobic digestion
  • composting
  • gasification
  • pyrolysis
  • recovery
  • recycling
  • sustainability
  • waste

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 3778 KiB  
Article
Microbial Profile of the Leachate from Mexico City’s Bordo Poniente Composting Plant: An Inoculum to Digest Organic Waste
by Aixa Kari Gállego Bravo, Daniel Alejandro Salcedo Serrano, Gloria López Jiménez, Khemlal Nirmalkar, Selvasankar Murugesan, Jaime García-Mena, María Eugenia Gutiérrez Castillo and Luis Raúl Tovar Gálvez
Energies 2019, 12(12), 2343; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en12122343 - 19 Jun 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3315
Abstract
In recent years, municipal solid waste (MSW) management has become a complex problem worldwide. Similarly, Mexico City is facing such a situation for the management and treatment of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). Therefore, in this work, we investigated whether leachate [...] Read more.
In recent years, municipal solid waste (MSW) management has become a complex problem worldwide. Similarly, Mexico City is facing such a situation for the management and treatment of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). Therefore, in this work, we investigated whether leachate from the composting plant, Bordo Poniente, located in Mexico City can be used as an inoculum for the treatment of OFMSW using thermophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) with a hydraulic retention time of 30 days. We analyzed the physicochemical properties of the leachate and performed a biochemical methane potential test. Archaeal and bacterial diversity was also identified using high throughput DNA sequencing of 16S rDNA libraries. Methane yield was 0.29 m3 CH4/kg VSadded in the positive control and 0.16 m3 CH4/kg VSadded in the treatment group. The phylum, Bacteroidetes, and genus, Methanosarcina, prevailed in the leachate. However, in thermophilic conditions, the microbial communities changed, and the phylum, Firmicutes, genera, Methanoculleus, and candidate genus, vadinCA11, were dominant in the treatment group. We concluded that the leachate contains a suitable initial charge of many active bacteria and methanogenic archaea which contribute to the AD process, hence it can be used as an inoculum for the treatment of OFMSW. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Techniques in Waste Recovery)
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13 pages, 1419 KiB  
Article
Column Leaching Tests to Valorize a Solid Waste from the Decommissioning of Coal-Fired Power Plants
by Ernesto Rivas, María Ángeles Martín-Lara, Gabriel Blázquez, Antonio Pérez and Mónica Calero
Energies 2019, 12(9), 1684; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en12091684 - 04 May 2019
Viewed by 2758
Abstract
Solid waste from the decommissioning of coal-fired power plants collected from a power plant in Spain (Puertollano, Ciudad Real) was subjected to acid leaching tests in columns to evaluate the leachability of several valuable and toxic metals (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, [...] Read more.
Solid waste from the decommissioning of coal-fired power plants collected from a power plant in Spain (Puertollano, Ciudad Real) was subjected to acid leaching tests in columns to evaluate the leachability of several valuable and toxic metals (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Zn). First, the contaminated waste, delivered by a national company, was chemically characterized. Second, column-leaching tests were conducted using two different acid solutions (nitric and sulfuric acid). The effect of the leaching agent concentration and time of leaching were examined. The results of column leaching tests showed that different concentrations of the acid solutions leached different proportions of Al, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, V, and Zn, which were leached by acid solutions from the solid waste sample. In general, use of sulfuric acid at pH 0.5 resulted in better leaching. Next, a comparison between three different configurations (one single stage without recirculation, one single stage with total recirculation of leachate and leaching in two consecutive stages: one with total recirculation of leachate and another one with acid set to a pH value of 0.5 and without recirculation) was performed. At the end of the experiments, all leaching methods resulted in comparable yields for Al (0.36–0.48%), Fe (5.99–6.40%), Mg (4.43–5.11%), Mn (2.71–2.83%), Ni (12.08–12.75%), V (0.08–0.34%), and Zn (23.62–25.28%). However, better results were obtained when two consecutive stages were carried out. Additionally, the effect of forced aeration on leachability was studied. Finally, this investigation showed that hydrometallurgical treatment of contaminated solid by means of acid leaching followed by basic leaching and a water wash between these stages was a potentially feasible method for reducing hazardous levels of the residue. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Techniques in Waste Recovery)
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17 pages, 3245 KiB  
Article
Quantitative Inversion of Fixed Carbon Content in Coal Gangue by Thermal Infrared Spectral Data
by Liang Song, Shanjun Liu and Wenwen Li
Energies 2019, 12(9), 1659; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en12091659 - 01 May 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2542
Abstract
Fixed carbon content is an important factor in measuring the carbon content of gangue, which is important for monitoring the spontaneous combustion of gangue and reusing coal gangue resources. Although traditional measurement methods of fixed carbon content, such as chemical tests, can achieve [...] Read more.
Fixed carbon content is an important factor in measuring the carbon content of gangue, which is important for monitoring the spontaneous combustion of gangue and reusing coal gangue resources. Although traditional measurement methods of fixed carbon content, such as chemical tests, can achieve high accuracy, meeting the actual needs of mines via these tests is difficult because the measurement process is time consuming and costly and requires professional input. In this paper, we obtained the thermal infrared spectrum of coal gangue and developed a new spectral index to achieve the automated quantification of fixed carbon content. Thermal infrared spectroscopy analyses of 42 gangue and three coal samples were performed using a Turbo FT thermal infrared spectrometer. Then, the ratio index (RI), difference index (DI) and normalized difference index (NDI) were defined based on the spectral characteristics. The correlation coefficient between the spectral index and the thermal infrared spectrum was calculated, and a regression model was established by selecting the optimal spectral DI. The model prediction results were verified by a ten times 5-fold cross-validation method. The results showed that the mean error of the proposed method is 5.00%, and the root mean square error is 6.70. For comparison, the fixed carbon content was further predicted by another four methods, according to the spectral depth H, spectral area A, the random forest and support vector machine algorithms. The predicted accuracy calculated by the proposed method was the best among the five methods. Therefore, this model can be applied to predict the fixed carbon content of coal gangue in coal mines and can help guide mine safety and environmental protection, and it presents the advantages of being economic, rapid and efficient. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Techniques in Waste Recovery)
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