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Advanced Technologies in Wind Power Generation
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Advanced Technologies in Wind Power Generation

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A3: Wind, Wave and Tidal Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 11714

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Xiangwu Yan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Storage, Micro-Grid of Hebei Province, North China Electric Power University, No.619 Yonghua Road, Baoding 071003, China
Interests: power system; energy storage; wind energy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the continuous increase in the proportion of wind power, the problem of large-scale off grid caused by external faults of the wind turbine has become a major hidden danger of power grid security and stability. At the same time, the traditional power generation share is constantly occupied, resulting in a decrease in system inertia, hot standby capacity, and security and stability margin of the power grid.

Due to technological developments in recent years, the study of improving the weak immunity and grid stability of wind turbines has provided new methods. It has become a trend to apply more advanced technologies to solve problems in the field of wind power. Therefore, this Special Issue focuses on research and applications for large-scale grid connected operation and research on wind turbines. We are interested in manuscripts that can bridge the existing research gaps and provide novel ideas for future research in the field, including all types of submissions, such as original research papers, applied research case studies, and literature reviews.

Topics of interest for publication include but are not limited to the following:

  • Wind turbine design and manufacturing;
  • Wind farm system modeling and simulation;
  • Stability analysis and control of wind power system;
  • Reliability and economic optimization of wind power systems;
  • Subsynchronous oscillation of wind power systems;
  • Wind power system engineering application and demonstration;
  • Offshore wind turbine and farm control;
  • Offshore wind farms and grid systems.

Prof. Dr. Xiangwu Yan
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 1575 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Potential of Kite-Based Wind Power Generation: An Emulation-Based Approach
by Roystan Vijay Castelino, Pankaj Kumar, Yashwant Kashyap, Anabalagan Karthikeyan, Manjunatha Sharma K., Debabrata Karmakar and Panagiotis Kosmopoulos
Energies 2023, 16(13), 5213; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en16135213 - 06 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1829
Abstract
A Kite-based Airborne Wind Energy Conversion System (KAWECS) works by harnessing the kinetic energy from the wind and converting it into electric power. The study of the dynamics of KAWECS is fundamental in researching and developing a commercial-scale KAWECS. Testing an actual KAWECS [...] Read more.
A Kite-based Airborne Wind Energy Conversion System (KAWECS) works by harnessing the kinetic energy from the wind and converting it into electric power. The study of the dynamics of KAWECS is fundamental in researching and developing a commercial-scale KAWECS. Testing an actual KAWECS in a location with suitable wind conditions is only sometimes a trusted method for conducting research. A KAWECS emulator was developed based on a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) drive coupled with a generator to mimic the kite’s behaviour in wind conditions. Using MATLAB-SIMULINK, three different power ratings of 1 kW, 10 kW, and 100 kW systems were designed with a kite surface area of 2.5 m2, 14 m2, and 60 m2, respectively. The reel-out speed of the tether, tether force, traction power, drum speed, and drum torque were analysed for a wind speed range of 2 m/s to 12.25 m/s. The satellite wind speed data at 10 m and 50 m above ground with field data of the kite’s figure-of-eight trajectories were used to emulate the kite’s characteristics. The results of this study will promote the use of KAWECS, which can provide reliable and seamless energy flow, enriching wind energy exploitation under various installation environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Wind Power Generation)
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20 pages, 3042 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulation of Roughness Effects of Ice Accretion on Wind Turbine Airfoils
by Khaled Yassin, Hassan Kassem, Bernhard Stoevesandt, Thomas Klemme and Joachim Peinke
Energies 2022, 15(21), 8145; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15218145 - 01 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1095
Abstract
One of the emerging problems in modern computational fluid dynamics is the simulation of flow over rough surfaces. A good example of these rough surfaces is wind turbine blades with ice formation on its leading edge. Instead of resolving the airflow field using [...] Read more.
One of the emerging problems in modern computational fluid dynamics is the simulation of flow over rough surfaces. A good example of these rough surfaces is wind turbine blades with ice formation on its leading edge. Instead of resolving the airflow field using a fine computational grid near the wall, rough wall functions (RWFs) can be used to model the flow behavior in case of the presence of roughness. This work aims to investigate the performance of state-of-the-art RWFs to show which of these models can provide the most accurate results with the lowest computational cost possible. This aim is achieved by comparing coefficients of lift and pressure resulting from CFD simulations with wind tunnel results of an airfoil with actual ice profiles collected from the site. The RWFs are used to simulate airflow field over the airfoil profiles with ice profile attached to its leading edge using OpenFOAM CFD framework. The comparison of the numerical simulations and the wind tunnel measurements showed that the Colebrook RWF provided the best agreement between simulation and experimental results while using about 20% of the number of cells used with smooth RWF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Wind Power Generation)
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15 pages, 6152 KiB  
Article
Computational Fluid Dynamics and Experimental Analysis of a Wind Turbine Blade’s Frontal Section with and without Arrays of Dimpled Structures
by Shahid Aziz, Abdullah Khan, Imran Shah, Tariq Amin Khan, Yasir Ali, Muhammad Umer Sohail, Badar Rashid and Dong Won Jung
Energies 2022, 15(19), 7108; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15197108 - 27 Sep 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2276
Abstract
Horizontal axis wind turbines are used for energy generation at domestic as well as industrial levels. In the wind turbines, a reduction in drag force and an increase in lift force are desired to increase the energy efficiency. In this research work, computational [...] Read more.
Horizontal axis wind turbines are used for energy generation at domestic as well as industrial levels. In the wind turbines, a reduction in drag force and an increase in lift force are desired to increase the energy efficiency. In this research work, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis has been performed on a turbine blade’s frontal section with an NACA S814 profile. The drag force has been reduced by introducing an array of dimpled structures at the blade surface. The dimpled structures generate a turbulent boundary layer flow on its surface that reduces the drag force and modifies the lift force because it has greater momentum than the laminar flow. The simulation results are verified by the experimental results performed in a wind tunnel and are in close harmony with the simulated results. For accurate results, CFD is performed on the blade’s frontal section at the angle of attack (AOA) with a domain of 0° to 80° and at multiple Reynolds numbers. The local attributes, lift force, drag force and pressure coefficient are numerically computed by using the three models on Ansys fluent: the Spalart-Allmaras, the k-epsilon (RNG) and the k-omega shear stress transport (SST). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Wind Power Generation)
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21 pages, 5946 KiB  
Article
Fuzzy Control Strategy Applied to an Electromagnetic Frequency Regulator in Wind Generation Systems
by Daniel C. C. Crisóstomo, Thiago F. do Nascimento, Evandro A. D. F. Nunes, Elmer Villarreal, Ricardo Pinheiro and Andrés Salazar
Energies 2022, 15(19), 7011; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15197011 - 24 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 932
Abstract
This paper presents the implementation of a fuzzy control strategy for speed regulation of an electromagnetic frequency regulator (EFR) prototype, aiming to eliminate the dependence on knowledge of physical parameters in the most diverse operating conditions. Speed multiplication is one of the most [...] Read more.
This paper presents the implementation of a fuzzy control strategy for speed regulation of an electromagnetic frequency regulator (EFR) prototype, aiming to eliminate the dependence on knowledge of physical parameters in the most diverse operating conditions. Speed multiplication is one of the most important steps in wind power generation. Gearboxes are generally used for this purpose. However, they have a reduced lifespan and a high failure rate, and are still noise sources. The search for new ways to match the speed (and torque) between the turbine and the generator is an important research area to increase the energy, financial, and environmental efficiency of wind systems. The EFR device is an example of an alternative technology that this team of researchers has proposed. It considers the main advantages of an induction machine with the rotor in a squirrel cage positively. In the first studies, the EFR control strategy consisted of the conventional PID controllers, which have several limitations that are widely discussed in the literature. This strategy also limits the EFR’s performance, considering its entire operating range. The simulation program was developed using the Matlab/Simulink platform, while the experimental results were obtained in the laboratory emulating the EFR-based system. The EFR prototype has 2 poles, a nominal power of 2.2 kW, and a nominal frequency of 60 Hz. Experimental results were presented to validate the efficiency of the proposed control strategy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Wind Power Generation)
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15 pages, 3884 KiB  
Article
An Electromagnetic Var Compensator Suitable for Wind Power Access and Its Control Strategy
by Xiangwu Yan, Yan Guo, Jiaoxin Jia, Waseem Aslam, Bingbao Qi, Yang Wang and Xiaolin Xu
Energies 2022, 15(15), 5572; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15155572 - 31 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1196
Abstract
As the proportion of large-scale wind farms and distributed wind power connected to the power grid increases annually, the effects of their intermittent and random characteristics on the active and reactive power fluctuations of the power grid are becoming increasingly evident, causing frequent [...] Read more.
As the proportion of large-scale wind farms and distributed wind power connected to the power grid increases annually, the effects of their intermittent and random characteristics on the active and reactive power fluctuations of the power grid are becoming increasingly evident, causing frequent voltage fluctuations at the grid-connected point. To solve these problems, this study proposes a new topology of an electromagnetic var compensator (EVC) based on a rotary phase-shifting transformer (RPST). The EVC can work under capacitive and inductive conditions to compensate for inductive and capacitive power, respectively. In accordance with the parallel steady-state mathematical model of the EVC, a double closed-loop control strategy with high precision and considerable robustness is proposed for the EVC on the basis of instantaneous reactive power theory. Finally, simulations show that the topology of the proposed EVC exhibits bidirectional and continuous adjustment capability that can meet the reactive power compensation requirements of power systems with a high percentage of wind power. Compared with the existing reactive power compensation device, the EVC exhibits the advantages of high voltage, large capacity, low cost, strong impact resistance, and good tolerance, imbuing it with great prospects for development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Wind Power Generation)
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15 pages, 5074 KiB  
Article
Study on Improving Fault Stability of Doubly Fed Induction Wind Turbine by Using Active-Power Transient Frequency Characteristics
by Xiangwu Yan, Tengyu Ma, Sen Cui, Qing Dong, Wenfei Chang, Ruibo Li and Tiecheng Li
Energies 2022, 15(8), 2736; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15082736 - 08 Apr 2022
Viewed by 1183
Abstract
With the continuous increase in wind power penetration, doubly fed wind turbines can quickly respond to changes in grid frequency, and have particularly important inertia-response characteristics. This article starts with the excitation control principle of a doubly fed induction generator, compares the transient [...] Read more.
With the continuous increase in wind power penetration, doubly fed wind turbines can quickly respond to changes in grid frequency, and have particularly important inertia-response characteristics. This article starts with the excitation control principle of a doubly fed induction generator, compares the transient frequency characteristics of the synchronous generator under fault, and proposes that the doubly fed induction generator can control the speed or active power of the generator through excitation. It proves the unique “active power transient frequency characteristics” of doubly fed induction generators. Under different wind speeds, the inertia response capability of the wind turbine is quantified, and the degrees of influence of the inertia time constant and frequency characteristic slope of the doubly fed induction generator on the transient change process are analyzed. Finally, simulation and experiments verify the correctness of the above theory, which provides a basis for significantly improving the transient stability of the power system and realizing the controllability of the transient stability of the power system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Wind Power Generation)
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13 pages, 4989 KiB  
Article
Recurrence of Sub-Synchronous Oscillation Accident of Hornsea Wind Farm in UK and Its Suppression Strategy
by Xiangwu Yan, Wenfei Chang, Sen Cui, Aazim Rasool, Jiaoxin Jia and Ying Sun
Energies 2021, 14(22), 7685; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14227685 - 17 Nov 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2286
Abstract
A large-scale power system breakdown in the United Kingdom caused blackouts in several important cities, losing about 3.2 percent of the load and affecting nearly 1 million power users on 9 August 2019. On the basis of the accident investigation report provided by [...] Read more.
A large-scale power system breakdown in the United Kingdom caused blackouts in several important cities, losing about 3.2 percent of the load and affecting nearly 1 million power users on 9 August 2019. On the basis of the accident investigation report provided by the UK National Grid, the specific reasons for the sub-synchronous oscillation of Hornsea wind farm were analyzed. The Hornsea wind power system model was established by MATLAB simulation software to reproduce the accident. To solve this problem, based on the positive and negative sequence decomposition, the control strategy of grid-side converter of doubly-fed induction generator is improved to control the positive sequence voltage of the generator terminal, which can quickly recover the voltage by compensating the reactive power at the grid side. Consequently, the influence of the fault is weakened on the Hornsea wind farm system, and the sub-synchronous oscillation of the system is suppressed. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy in suppressing the sub-synchronous oscillation of weak AC wind power system after being applied to doubly-fed induction generator, which serves as a reference for studying similar problems of offshore wind power. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Wind Power Generation)
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