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Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics
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Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics

A special issue of Entropy (ISSN 1099-4300). This special issue belongs to the section "Thermodynamics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 4869

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Duc Nguyen-Manh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Senior Research Scientist, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Materials Division, Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, Oxfordshire OX14 3DB, UK
Interests: phase stability and structural transformation; non-equilibrium thermodynamic and entropy theory from first-principles; integrated and multi-scale modelling of radiation resistance; interatomic potentials from quantum mechanics; multi-component systems with radiation-induced defects; transition metals and intermetallics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Abraham Marmur

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Professor Emeritus, Chemical Engineering Department, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
Interests: contact angle theory and measurement; super-hydrophobic surfaces; nano-bubbles; classical thermodynamics: surfaces; non-ideal solutions; equations of state
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to promote international exchange and to share the latest knowledge and developments in all fundamental aspects of non-equilibrium thermodynamics; this encompasses theoretical concepts, computational, statistical, multi-scale modelling methods and informatic theory of entropy applied to describing out-of-equilibrium processes in physics, chemistry, biology for engineering applications. Emphasis is placed on innovative approaches and advanced overviews to understand the time courses of dynamic and kinetic processes and their complex relationship with the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of matter in laboratory conditions. Of specific interest are the modelling methodologies in all scales from time-dependent first-principles thermodynamics of materials under extreme conditions to stochastic dynamics of complex fluids, soft matter, nano-bubble on surfaces, heat transfer and their links with experimental observations.

The topics of this Special Issue include but are not limited to:

  • Non-equilibrium state variables and fluctuations;
  • Extremal principles for non-equilibrium processes;
  • Entropy in non-equilibrium complex systems;
  • Dynamic and kinetic of materials under irradiation condition;
  • Onsager relations and transport coefficients;
  • Growth process in nature including biological processes, nanoparticles out of equilibrium in catalytic and electrochemical conversion systems; Informatic theory of entropy.

Dr. Duc Nguyen-Manh
Prof. Dr. Abraham Marmur
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Entropy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • entropy in non-equilibrium
  • irreversible thermodynamics
  • materials under extreme conditions
  • information entropy
  • microscopic and mesoscopic theory of non-equilibrium

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 498 KiB  
Article
Linear Irreversible Thermodynamics: A Glance at Thermoelectricity and the Biological Scaling Laws
by Juan Carlos Chimal-Eguia, Ricardo Teodoro Páez-Hernández, Juan Carlos Pacheco-Paez and Delfino Ladino-Luna
Entropy 2023, 25(12), 1575; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/e25121575 - 23 Nov 2023
Viewed by 671
Abstract
This paper presents so-called thermoelectric generators (TEGs), which are considered thermal engines that transform heat into electricity using the Seebeck effect for this purpose. By using linear irreversible thermodynamics (LIT), it is possible to study the thermodynamic properties of TEGs for three different [...] Read more.
This paper presents so-called thermoelectric generators (TEGs), which are considered thermal engines that transform heat into electricity using the Seebeck effect for this purpose. By using linear irreversible thermodynamics (LIT), it is possible to study the thermodynamic properties of TEGs for three different operating regimes: maximum power output (MPO), maximum ecological function (MEF) and maximum power efficiency (MPE). Then, by considering thermoelectricty, using the correspondence between the heat capacity of a solid and the metabolic rate, and taking the generation of energy by means of the metabolism of an organism as a process out of equilibrium, it is plausible to use linear irreversible thermodynamics (LIT) to obtain some interesting results in order to understand how metabolism is generated by a particle’s released energy, which explains the empirically studied allometric laws. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics)
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27 pages, 420 KiB  
Article
Galilean Bulk-Surface Electrothermodynamics and Applications to Electrochemistry
by Rüdiger Müller and Manuel Landstorfer
Entropy 2023, 25(3), 416; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/e25030416 - 25 Feb 2023
Viewed by 981
Abstract
In this work, the balance equations of non-equilibrium thermodynamics are coupled to Galilean limit systems of the Maxwell equations, i.e., either to (i) the quasi-electrostatic limit or (ii) the quasi-magnetostatic limit. We explicitly consider a volume Ω, which is divided into [...] Read more.
In this work, the balance equations of non-equilibrium thermodynamics are coupled to Galilean limit systems of the Maxwell equations, i.e., either to (i) the quasi-electrostatic limit or (ii) the quasi-magnetostatic limit. We explicitly consider a volume Ω, which is divided into Ω+ and Ω− by a possibly moving singular surface S, where a charged reacting mixture of a viscous medium can be present on each geometrical entity (Ω+,S,Ω−). By the restriction to the Galilean limits of the Maxwell equations, we achieve that only subsystems of equations for matter and electromagnetic fields are coupled that share identical transformation properties with respect to observer transformations. Moreover, the application of an entropy principle becomes more straightforward and finally helps estimate the limitations of the more general approach based the full set of Maxwell equations. Constitutive relations are provided based on an entropy principle, and particular care is taken in the analysis of the stress tensor and the momentum balance in the general case of non-constant scalar susceptibility. Finally, we summarise the application of the derived model framework to an electrochemical system with surface reactions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics)
27 pages, 3606 KiB  
Article
Discussion on Electron Temperature of Gas-Discharge Plasma with Non-Maxwellian Electron Energy Distribution Function Based on Entropy and Statistical Physics
by Hiroshi Akatsuka and Yoshinori Tanaka
Entropy 2023, 25(2), 276; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/e25020276 - 02 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2197
Abstract
Electron temperature is reconsidered for weakly-ionized oxygen and nitrogen plasmas with its discharge pressure of a few hundred Pa, with its electron density of the order of 1017m−3 and in a state of non-equilibrium, based on thermodynamics and statistical [...] Read more.
Electron temperature is reconsidered for weakly-ionized oxygen and nitrogen plasmas with its discharge pressure of a few hundred Pa, with its electron density of the order of 1017m−3 and in a state of non-equilibrium, based on thermodynamics and statistical physics. The relationship between entropy and electron mean energy is focused on based on the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) calculated with the integro-differential Boltzmann equation for a given reduced electric field E/N. When the Boltzmann equation is solved, chemical kinetic equations are also simultaneously solved to determine essential excited species for the oxygen plasma, while vibrationally excited populations are solved for the nitrogen plasma, since the EEDF should be self-consistently found with the densities of collision counterparts of electrons. Next, the electron mean energy U and entropy S are calculated with the self-consistent EEDF obtained, where the entropy is calculated with the Gibbs’s formula. Then, the “statistical” electron temperature Test is calculated as Test=[∂S/∂U]−1. The difference between Test and the electron kinetic temperature Tekin is discussed, which is defined as [2/(3k)] times of the mean electron energy U=⟨ϵ⟩, as well as the temperature given as a slope of the EEDF for each value of E/N from the viewpoint of statistical physics as well as of elementary processes in the oxygen or nitrogen plasma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics)
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