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Fishes
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Nutritional Requirements in New Fish Species Under Culture
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Nutritional Requirements in New Fish Species Under Culture

A special issue of Fishes (ISSN 2410-3888).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2017) | Viewed by 26779

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Francisco J. Moyano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology and Geology, Engineering School, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
Interests: nutrition; digestion; digestive enzymes; feed ingredients
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This call for papers is focused on the nutritional requirements of several fish species with an increasing role in aquatic production. Although there is a great amount of literature dealing on the nutritional needs of the more common fish species (salmonids, common carp, European seabass and sea bream, American catfish, etc.), much less information is available on other species showing a great potential or even an already noticeable production, both in marine and freshwater environments, all over the world. The list could become very extensive and as example it could include species mainly reared in Europe (Seriola dumerili, Polyprion americans Hippoglossus hippoglossus, Argyrosomus regis, Mugil cephalus), in Asia (Rachycentron canadum, Indian carps Cattla and Labeo), America (species from the genus Cichlasoma, Petenia, or Pseudoplatystoma) and Australia (Lates calcarifer). This Special Issue aims to make a comprehensive up to date of the current knowledge on the nutritional needs of these species, with an special emphasis in the identification of those aspects already well established and those others still requiring further research.

I am pleased to solicit manuscripts pertaining to original research, mini and full reviews, short communications, as well as perspectives, which address any aspect of the nutritional requirements of the above-mentioned species in any of the stages of their life cycle. Submissions are invited that include, but are not limited to:

  • Energy and protein requirements of new fish species under culture
  • Specific nutritional requirements of broodstock and larval stages of such species
  • Experiments aimed to test ingredients and practical diets in non conventional fish species

Dr. Francisco J. Moyano
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fishes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Nutrition
  • Energy
  • Protein requirements
  • Practical diets
  • Growers
  • Feeds evaluation

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

2 pages, 153 KiB  
Editorial
Editorial for the Special Issue on Nutritional Requirements in New Fish Species under Culture
by Francisco Javier Moyano
Fishes 2018, 3(2), 18; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/fishes3020018 - 23 Mar 2018
Viewed by 2417
Abstract
The worldwide interest in developing the culture of nonconventional fish species determines the need to increase knowledge in different aspects of their basic physiology, as well as in the application of such information into practical protocols to be used in their feeding, reproduction, [...] Read more.
The worldwide interest in developing the culture of nonconventional fish species determines the need to increase knowledge in different aspects of their basic physiology, as well as in the application of such information into practical protocols to be used in their feeding, reproduction, and general handling [...]
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Requirements in New Fish Species Under Culture)

Research

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1986 KiB  
Article
Partial Characterization of Digestive Proteases in the Green Cichlid, Cichlasoma beani
by Leonardo Martínez-Cárdenas, Carlos A. Álvarez-González, Oscar U. Hernández-Almeida, Carlos A. Frías-Quintana, Jesús T. Ponce-Palafox and Sergio Castillo-Vargasmachuca
Fishes 2017, 2(1), 4; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/fishes2010004 - 08 Mar 2017
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4741
Abstract
This study undertakes the characterization of digestive proteases in the juvenile green cichlid, Cichlasoma beani. The results obtained showed a higher activity of alkaline proteases (0.14 ± 0.01 U mg protein−1) compared to acid proteases (0.07 ± 0.01 U mg protein [...] Read more.
This study undertakes the characterization of digestive proteases in the juvenile green cichlid, Cichlasoma beani. The results obtained showed a higher activity of alkaline proteases (0.14 ± 0.01 U mg protein−1) compared to acid proteases (0.07 ± 0.01 U mg protein−1) in this species. The optimum temperature of the alkaline proteases was 65 °C and these enzymes were more thermostable to temperature changes than the acid proteases, characterized by an optimal temperature of 55 °C. The pH optimum was 2 for acid proteases, and 11 for alkaline proteases, which were also more stable to changes in pH between 8 and 10. The use of specific inhibitors showed an acid protease inhibition of 88% with pepstatin A as inhibitor. In the zymogram SDS-PAGE analysis of alkaline proteases, five active fractions were revealed, indicating the presence of serine proteases. These results confirm that both alkaline and acid proteases are involved in the digestion of C. beani, and suggest that this species is omnivorous with carnivorous tendencies. The present study contributes to our knowledge about the digestive physiology of C. beani, and can be applied towards improved understanding of the kinds of protein sources that could be used in the development of inerts diets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Requirements in New Fish Species Under Culture)
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1603 KiB  
Article
Use of Potato Starch in Diets of Tropical Gar (Atractosteus tropicus, Gill 1863) Larvae
by Carlos A. Frías-Quintana, Carlos A. Álvarez-González, Dariel Tovar-Ramírez, Rafael Martínez-García, Susana Camarillo-Coop, Emyr Peña and Mario A. Galaviz
Fishes 2017, 2(1), 3; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/fishes2010003 - 07 Mar 2017
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 5153
Abstract
Tropical gar, Atractosteus tropicus, is a carnivorous fish species from Southern México with high value and acceptance in local markets. Therefore, the present study aims to spare proteins in diets for larviculture of this species. An experiment was performed using three different [...] Read more.
Tropical gar, Atractosteus tropicus, is a carnivorous fish species from Southern México with high value and acceptance in local markets. Therefore, the present study aims to spare proteins in diets for larviculture of this species. An experiment was performed using three different experimental diets with increasing carbohydrate levels based on potato starch (S) and decreasing protein content (P) and total energy: 16% S (16% S–44% P), 22% S (22% S–40% P) and 28% S (28% S–36% P). Tropical gar larvae (five days post-hatching, 2.1 mm average notochordal length) were assessed for growth, survival, degree of cannibalism, and digestive enzyme activities for 30 days. Highest growth and survival (24%), as well as the lowest cannibalism (33%), was seen in larvae fed the 28% S diet, and these larvae also had the highest lipase, amylase and glucosidase activities (0.28, 0.56 and 0.11 units, respectively). Protease activity (alkaline protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and leucine aminopeptidase) was higher in the larvae fed the 22% S diet than in those given the 16% S and 28% S diets. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of potato starch at 28% S enhanced growth, survival and some digestive enzyme activities, and decreased cannibalism in the larval gar. Potato starch could replace dietary protein as a major source of energy for A. tropicus larvae, thereby reducing the cost of diets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Requirements in New Fish Species Under Culture)
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1224 KiB  
Article
Effect of Feed Protein:Lipid Ratio on Growth Parameters of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus after Fish Meal Substitution in the Diet with Bambaranut (Voandzeia subterranea) Meal and Soybean (Glycine max) Meal
by Uchechukwu D. Enyidi, Juhani Pirhonen, Juhani Kettunen and Jouni Vielma
Fishes 2017, 2(1), 1; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/fishes2010001 - 30 Jan 2017
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 8406
Abstract
Fishmeal (FM) was substituted with soybean meal (Glycine max) (SBM) and bambaranut meal (Voandzeia subterranea) (BNM) in 10 experimental African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, diets. Feed formulation was designed using mixture model. The inclusion level of the three protein ingredients varied between 0% and [...] Read more.
Fishmeal (FM) was substituted with soybean meal (Glycine max) (SBM) and bambaranut meal (Voandzeia subterranea) (BNM) in 10 experimental African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, diets. Feed formulation was designed using mixture model. The inclusion level of the three protein ingredients varied between 0% and 60%. Remaining 40% comprised of basal ingredients kept constant for all 10 feeds. African catfish of average initial weight 35.2 ± 0.9 g were fed with one of the treatment diets for 28 days. The protein:lipid ratios of the diets (range 1.5–3.4:1) were used in evaluating the feed utilization and growth of the fish. We found that catfish performances were mainly depending on ingredients and not the ratio itself. The protein:lipid ratios in the diets made of plant ingredients were high but SGR was low. Specific growth rate (SGR) increased with the increase of feed FM content, being ca. 5% day−1 with 60% FM diet but ca. 2% day−1 at both 60% BNM and 60% SBM diets. SGR was similar (3.5% day−1) with diets of 30% BNM or SBM inclusion with 30% FM. Feed conversion ratio increased from below 0.6 of the 60% FM diet up to 1.5 (60% SBM) and 1.7 (60% BNM). Protein efficiency ratio decreased linearly with increasing FM substitution, but protein productive value (PPV) was similar for catfish fed 60% FM diet and its 50% substitution with BNM or SBM. These results suggest that protein:lipid ratio cannot be used in assessing nutritional performance if the source of feed ingredient vary widely. However, these results suggest that BNM can partly substitute FM and completely replace SBM in the diets of African catfish. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Requirements in New Fish Species Under Culture)
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Review

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314 KiB  
Review
Macronutrient Requirements of Silvery-Black Porgy (Sparidentex hasta): A Comparison with Other Farmed Sparid Species
by Mansour Torfi Mozanzadeh, Jasem G. Marammazi, Morteza Yaghoubi, Naser Agh, Esmaeil Pagheh and Enric Gisbert
Fishes 2017, 2(2), 5; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/fishes2020005 - 13 May 2017
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5147
Abstract
Silvery-black porgy (Sparidentex hasta) is recognized as one of the most promising fish species for aquaculture diversification in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea regions. In this regard, S. hasta has received considerable attention, and nutritional studies focused on establishing [...] Read more.
Silvery-black porgy (Sparidentex hasta) is recognized as one of the most promising fish species for aquaculture diversification in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea regions. In this regard, S. hasta has received considerable attention, and nutritional studies focused on establishing the nutritional requirements for improving diet formulation have been conducted during recent years. Considering the results from different dose–response nutritional studies on macronutrient requirements conducted in this species, it can be concluded that diets containing ca. 48% crude protein, 15% crude lipid, 15% carbohydrates and 20 KJ g−1 gross energy are recommended for on-growing S. hasta juveniles. In addition, the optimum essential amino acid profile for this species (expressed as g 16 g N−1), should be approximately arginine 5.3, lysine 6.0, threonine 5.2, histidine 2.5, isoleucine 4.6, leucine 5.4, methionine + cysteine 4.0 (in a diet containing 0.6 cysteine), phenylalanine + tyrosine 5.6 (in a diet containing 1.9 tyrosine), tryptophan 1.0 and valine 4.6. Moreover, the optimum dietary n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and soybean lecithin are recommended to be 0.8% and 6%, respectively. The maximum replacement of fish meal with soy protein is recommended to be between 16.5% and 27.3%. In addition, different vegetal oil sources are also recommended for partial and almost complete replacement of fish oil in diets. Although the nutritional requirements in terms of macronutrients have been established under laboratory conditions, the analysis of the available literature indicate that future studies need to be conducted using a more holistic approach under intensive farming conditions in which different nutrients or additives need to be tested under different rearing conditions for refining nutrient requirements in this species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Requirements in New Fish Species Under Culture)
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