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14 pages, 1530 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Rheological Characteristics of Model Gluten-Free Dough with Plantago Seeds and Husk Incorporation

by Ewa Pejcz and Iva Burešová

Foods 2022, 11(4), 536; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods11040536 - 13 Feb 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1853

The seeds and husk of Plantago origin are rich source of dietary fiber known for its medicinal use. Despite the use of both Plantago psyllium and Plantago ovata products due to their physicochemical and nutritional properties, only the effects of Plantago ovata husk [...] Read more.

The seeds and husk of Plantago origin are rich source of dietary fiber known for its medicinal use. Despite the use of both Plantago psyllium and Plantago ovata products due to their physicochemical and nutritional properties, only the effects of Plantago ovata husk have been studied. Their structure-forming properties may positively affect gluten-free bread quality only if an adequate dough hydration is used. The aim of the work is to analyze the effect of different Plantago products: Plantago psyllium seeds and Plantago ovata seeds and husk in quantities of 3, 6 and 9% share on the rheological profile of model gluten-free dough and bread and bread’s technological quality and shelf-life. The rheological parameters of the dough were determined with Mixolab protocols and uniaxial deformation test. Bread quality and its textural profile analysis after cooling and storage were determined. The addition of Plantago psyllium seeds weakened the dough. All additives contributed to a reduction in starch retrogradation, bread hardness and water loss during baking, and to the improvement of the doughs’ resistance to extension, dough energy and bread yield. This influence is strongest when the Plantago ovata husk was used. However, the consumer acceptance of the tested breads was low and, in this respect, the breads with the addition of seeds of both Plantago psyllium and ovata were considered to be better than the husk. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Unconventional Ingredients for Innovative Cereal-Based Products)

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18 pages, 1787 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effectiveness of Extruded-Cooked Lentil Flour in Preparing a Gluten-Free Pizza with Improved Nutritional Features and a Good Sensory Quality

by Antonella Pasqualone, Michela Costantini, Michele Faccia, Graziana Difonzo, Francesco Caponio and Carmine Summo

Foods 2022, 11(3), 482; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods11030482 - 07 Feb 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4208

Abstract

Extruded-cooked lentil (ECL) flour was used to fortify (10/100 g dough) gluten-free pizza, which was compared with rice/corn-based pizza (control), and with pizza containing native lentil (NL) flour. Viscoamylograph and Mixolab data evidenced the hydrocolloid properties of ECL flour (initial viscosity = 69.3 [...] Read more.

Extruded-cooked lentil (ECL) flour was used to fortify (10/100 g dough) gluten-free pizza, which was compared with rice/corn-based pizza (control), and with pizza containing native lentil (NL) flour. Viscoamylograph and Mixolab data evidenced the hydrocolloid properties of ECL flour (initial viscosity = 69.3 BU), which contained pregelatinized starch. The use of ECL flour made it possible to eliminate hydroxymethylcellulose (E464), obtaining a clean label product. Both NL and ECL pizzas showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher contents of proteins (7.4 and 7.3/100 g, respectively) than the control pizza (4.4/100 g) and could be labelled as “source of proteins” according to the Regulation (EC) No. 1924/2006. In addition, NL and ECL pizzas were characterized by higher contents of bioactive compounds, including anthocyanins, and by higher in vitro antioxidant activity (1.42 and 1.35 µmol Trolox/g d.m., respectively) than the control pizza (1.07 µmol Trolox/g d.m.). However, NL and ECL pizzas also contained small amounts of undigestible oligosaccharides, typically present in lentils (verbascose = 0.92–0.98 mg/g d.m.; stachyose = 4.04–5.55 mg/g d.m.; and raffinose = 1.98–2.05 mg/g d.m.). No significant differences were observed in the liking level expressed by consumers between ECL and control pizzas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Unconventional Ingredients for Innovative Cereal-Based Products)

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15 pages, 4429 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of the Addition of Different Vegetal Mixtures on the Nutritional, Functional, and Sensorial Properties of Snacks Based on Pseudocereals

by Ana Karen González-Calderón, Natalia Alejandra García-Flores, Ana Sofía Elizondo-Rodríguez, Mariana Zavala-López, Silverio García-Lara, Néstor Ponce-García and Anayansi Escalante-Aburto

Foods 2021, 10(10), 2271; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods10102271 - 26 Sep 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2426

Abstract

Quick meals available in markets are popular among consumers. Generally, these products are not recognized as functional foods owing to nutrient-poor composition. In this study, energy snack bars were developed with different formulations, using puffed quinoa, amaranth, cacao liquor, and coconut oil, and [...] Read more.

Quick meals available in markets are popular among consumers. Generally, these products are not recognized as functional foods owing to nutrient-poor composition. In this study, energy snack bars were developed with different formulations, using puffed quinoa, amaranth, cacao liquor, and coconut oil, and the effects of the addition of commercial vegetal mixtures (VM) on nutritional and functional properties were assessed. VM addition showed significant effects on the protein, lipid, and fiber contents, phenolic compounds (PHC) content, and antioxidant activity of the snacks. The control snack showed higher levels of free and bound PHC. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) analyses recorded highest values of free PHC (9392.7 μmol TE/100 g dry weight) in PC65 (concentrate based on a combination of vegetal proteins), whereas the highest bound PHC levels of 47,087 and 46,531 μmol TE/100 g dry weight were observed in PC65 and the control snacks, respectively. Sensorial attributes assessment provided a high score on the hedonic scale, wherein panelists detected no differences among the samples. Altogether, the selection of non-conventional ingredients with high antioxidant activities emerged as a successful strategy to produce sensory acceptable meals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Unconventional Ingredients for Innovative Cereal-Based Products)

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26 pages, 5458 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Roasted Yellow Split Pea Flour on Dough Rheology and Quality of Fortified Wheat Breads

by Kali Kotsiou, Dimitrios-Diogenis Sacharidis, Anthia Matsakidou, Costas G. Biliaderis and Athina Lazaridou

Foods 2021, 10(8), 1832; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods10081832 - 07 Aug 2021

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 4012

Abstract

Roasted yellow split pea (YSP) flours were used to substitute wheat flour, at 10–20% (flour basis) in wheat bread formulations. Rheometry showed that roasted YSP flour addition increased elasticity and resistance to deformation and flow of the composite doughs, particularly at 20% substitution; [...] Read more.

Roasted yellow split pea (YSP) flours were used to substitute wheat flour, at 10–20% (flour basis) in wheat bread formulations. Rheometry showed that roasted YSP flour addition increased elasticity and resistance to deformation and flow of the composite doughs, particularly at 20% substitution; instead, at 10% addition (either raw or roasted YSP flour), there were no effects on dough rheology and bread textural properties. Breads fortified with roasted YSP flour at levels >10% exhibited lower loaf-specific volume and harder crumb compared to control (bread without YSP flour). Moreover, only breads with 20% roasted YSP flour displayed a significantly higher staling extent and rate, compared to control, as assessed by large deformation mechanical testing and calorimetry (starch retrogradation) of crumb preparations. This formulation also showed a large increase in β-sheets and β-turns at the expense of α-helix and random coil conformations in protein secondary structure as assessed by FTIR spectroscopy. Roasting of YSP effectively masked the “beany” and “grass-like” off-flavors of raw YSP flour at 10% substitution. Overall, roasted YSP flour at the 10% level was successfully incorporated into wheat bread formulations without adversely affecting dough rheology, bread texture, and shelf-life, resulting in final products with a pleasant flavor profile. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Unconventional Ingredients for Innovative Cereal-Based Products)

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21 pages, 9634 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Functionality of Bread and Beverage Added with Brosimum alicastrum Sw. Seed Flour on the Nutritional and Health Status of the Elderly

by Alejandra Rodríguez-Tadeo, Julio C. del Hierro-Ochoa, Jesús O. Moreno-Escamilla, Joaquín Rodrigo-García, Laura A. de la Rosa, Emilio Alvarez-Parrilla, José A. López-Díaz, María E. Vidaña-Gaytán, María N. González-Valles, Alfonso Larqué-Saavedra and Nina del Rocío Martínez-Ruiz

Foods 2021, 10(8), 1764; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods10081764 - 30 Jul 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2539

Abstract

Physiological changes in elderly individuals (EI) can contribute to nutritional deterioration and comorbidities that reduce their quality of life. Factors such as diet can modulate some of these effects. The aim was to evaluate the functionality of foods added with Brosimum alicastrum Sw. [...] Read more.

Physiological changes in elderly individuals (EI) can contribute to nutritional deterioration and comorbidities that reduce their quality of life. Factors such as diet can modulate some of these effects. The aim was to evaluate the functionality of foods added with Brosimum alicastrum Sw. seed flour in EI. EI (n = 23) living in nursing home conditions agreed to participate. A control stage was carried out (30 days) and subsequently, an intervention stage (30 days) was realized in which a muffin and a beverage, designed for EI, were added to the participants’ their usual diet. In both stages, anthropometric parameters, body composition, nutritional status, dietary intake, sarcopenic status, cognitive and affective states, biometric parameters, and total phenolic compounds (TPC), and antioxidant capacity in foods and plasma of EI were determined. The results showed that the consumption of the foods improved the energy intake and preserved the muscle reserves of the EI. The EI gained body weight (+1.1 kg), increased their protein (+18.6 g/day; 1.5 g/kg BW/day), dietary fiber (+13.4 g/day), iron (+4.4 mg/day), zinc (+1.8 mg/day), folic acid (+83.4 µg/day) consumption while reducing their cholesterol (−66 mg/day) and sodium (−319.5 mg/day) consumption. LDL-C lipoproteins reduced (14.8%) and urea (33.1%) and BUN (33.3%) increased. The TPC increased (7.8%) in the plasma, particularly in women (10.7%). The foods improve the EI nutritional status, and this has a cardiovascular protective effect that can benefit the health of the EI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Unconventional Ingredients for Innovative Cereal-Based Products)

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19 pages, 1115 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Different Amaranth Particle Sizes Addition Level on Wheat Flour Dough Rheology and Bread Features

by Ionica Coțovanu and Silvia Mironeasa

Foods 2021, 10(7), 1539; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods10071539 - 03 Jul 2021

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 2674

Abstract

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effects generated by amaranth flour (AF)—of different particle sizes (PS) added to white wheat flour from 0% to 20%—on the proximate composition, dough rheological behavior, and bread technological parameters. The reduction of particle size [...] Read more.

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effects generated by amaranth flour (AF)—of different particle sizes (PS) added to white wheat flour from 0% to 20%—on the proximate composition, dough rheological behavior, and bread technological parameters. The reduction of particle size led to an increased hydration capacity of the wheat–amaranth composite flour, while bulk density decreased. Increasing the amount of AF and decreasing the PS led to a significant increase in protein, lipids, and ash contents, while the moisture and carbohydrates of the composite flour decreased. Increasing AF addition led to an increase in dough tenacity and a decrease in dough extensibility, while the PS had an irregular trend. The large particle size, at 15% and 20% levels of AF in wheat flour, increased significantly (p < 0.001) the dough tenacity and hardness, bread firmness, but decreased bread volume, porosity, and elasticity, while medium and small particles at 5–15% addition levels improved porosity and elasticity of the composite bread. Significant correlations (p < 0.05) were found between proximate composition, dough rheological characteristics, and bread quality for the wheat–amaranth composite flours. The results of this study are an important basis for the development of innovative wheat–amaranth bread recipes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Unconventional Ingredients for Innovative Cereal-Based Products)

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14 pages, 1362 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Application of Broccoli Leaf Powder in Gluten-Free Bread: An Innovative Approach to Improve Its Bioactive Potential and Technological Quality

by Urszula Krupa-Kozak, Natalia Drabińska, Natalia Bączek, Kristýna Šimková, Małgorzata Starowicz and Tomasz Jeliński

Foods 2021, 10(4), 819; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods10040819 - 09 Apr 2021

Cited by 32 | Viewed by 4369

Abstract

In comparison to conventional bread, gluten-free bread (GF) shows many post-baking defects and a lower nutritional and functional value. Although broccoli leaves are perceived as waste products, they are characterised by a high content of nutrients and bioactive compounds. The present study evaluated [...] Read more.

In comparison to conventional bread, gluten-free bread (GF) shows many post-baking defects and a lower nutritional and functional value. Although broccoli leaves are perceived as waste products, they are characterised by a high content of nutrients and bioactive compounds. The present study evaluated the nutritional value, technological quality, antioxidant properties, and inhibitory activity against the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) of GF enriched with broccoli leaf powder (BLP). Compared to the control, gluten-free bread with BLP (GFB) was characterised by a significantly (p < 0.05) higher content of nutrients (proteins and minerals), as well as improved specific volume and bake loss. However, what needs to be emphasised is that BLP significantly (p < 0.05) improved the antioxidant potential and anti-AGE activity of GFB. The obtained results indicate that BLP can be successfully used as a component of gluten-free baked products. In conclusion, the newly developed GFB with improved technological and functional properties is an added-value bakery product that could provide health benefits to subjects on a gluten-free diet. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Unconventional Ingredients for Innovative Cereal-Based Products)

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19 pages, 1906 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sprouting of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench): Effect of Drying Treatment on Protein and Starch Features

by Mia Marchini, Alessandra Marti, Claudia Folli, Barbara Prandi, Tommaso Ganino, Paola Conte, Costantino Fadda, Monica Mattarozzi and Eleonora Carini

Foods 2021, 10(2), 407; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods10020407 - 12 Feb 2021

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3286

Abstract

The nutritional and physicochemical properties of sorghum proteins and starch make the use of this cereal for food production challenging. Sprouting is a cost-effective technology to improve the nutritional and functional profile of grains. Two drying treatments were used after sorghum sprouting to [...] Read more.

The nutritional and physicochemical properties of sorghum proteins and starch make the use of this cereal for food production challenging. Sprouting is a cost-effective technology to improve the nutritional and functional profile of grains. Two drying treatments were used after sorghum sprouting to investigate whether the drying phase could improve the protein and starch functionalities. Results showed that the drying treatment at lower temperature/longer time (40 °C for 12 h) extended the enzymatic activity that started during sprouting compared to the one performed at higher temperature/shorter time (50 °C for 6 h). An increased protein hydrolysis and water- and oil-holding capacity were found in the flour obtained by the former treatment. Higher protein matrix hydrolysis caused high exposure of starch to enzymes, thus increasing its digestibility, while worsening the technological functionality. Overall, modulating drying conditions could represent a further way, in addition to sprouting, to improve sorghum flour’s nutritional profile. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Unconventional Ingredients for Innovative Cereal-Based Products)

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24 pages, 8474 KiB

Open AccessPerspective

Seaweeds as Ingredients to Lower Glycemic Potency of Cereal Foods Synergistically—A Perspective

by Louise Weiwei Lu and Jie-Hua Chen

Foods 2022, 11(5), 714; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods11050714 - 28 Feb 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5606

Abstract

Seaweeds are traditional food ingredients mainly in seaside regions. Modern food science and nutrition researchers have identified seaweed as a source of functional nutrients, such as dietary soluble and insoluble fibers, proteins, omega-3 fatty acids, prebiotic polysaccharides, polyphenols, and carotenoids. Owing to the [...] Read more.

Seaweeds are traditional food ingredients mainly in seaside regions. Modern food science and nutrition researchers have identified seaweed as a source of functional nutrients, such as dietary soluble and insoluble fibers, proteins, omega-3 fatty acids, prebiotic polysaccharides, polyphenols, and carotenoids. Owing to the rich nutrients, seaweeds and seaweed extract can be used as functional ingredients by modifying the nutrients composition to reduce the proportion of available carbohydrates, delaying the gastric emptying time and the absorption rate of glucose by increasing the digesta viscosity, and attenuating the digesting rate by blocking the activity of digestive enzymes. This review presents the concept of using seaweed as unconventional ingredients that can function synergistically to reduce the glycemic potency of cereal products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Unconventional Ingredients for Innovative Cereal-Based Products)

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