Circular Economy—the Way to Make More Sustainable Food Systems

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 January 2023) | Viewed by 19430

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
SPRINT Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
Interests: bioactive compounds; phytochemicals; natural products as health promoters; chronic diseases; circular economy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
1. CPIRN-UDI-IPG–Research Unit for Inland Development, Center for Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic of Guarda, Av. Dr. Francisco Sá Carneiro, 506300-559 Guarda, Portugal
2. Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Beira Interior University, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
Interests: microalgae; bioactive compounds as health promotors; bioactivity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The exponential growth rate of the global population poses a threat to finite resources and also increases the amount of waste generated. Food waste and losses mobilize a remarkable number of natural resources and have been recognized as a global issue due to their environmental, economic, and social impacts. The global scale of their consequences requires a political response. It is estimated that about 1.3 billion tons of foods are lost or wasted globally, representing approximately one-third of the food produced for human consumption. Food wastes consume around 25% of all water used by agriculture each year and generate around 8% of annual global greenhouse gases. The International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food Systems identified that 20% of the food produced in the European Union is wasted with a cost of EUR 143 billion annually, including wasted resources and environmental impacts.

For that, the growing need for energy and materials to supply the demands of a fast-growing and resource-intensive population is forcing a shift from a linear economy to a circular economy. The EU has implemented an action plan for implementing circular economy in order to reduce the food losses along production and supply chains by 2030. Circular economy is redefining the framework conditions for the waste management of food waste (and for other types of waste), creating new business opportunities. With circular economy, we can build a food system that ensures our food never creates waste. Moreover, food waste can be used to produce various biomaterials, bioenergy, as well as a source of high-value products with several applications in different sectors.

Dr. Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues da Silva
Dr. Paula Coutinho
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • circular economy
  • food loss
  • food waste
  • by-products
  • sustainability
  • bioactive compounds
  • health promoters
  • high-value products
  • environmental impacts

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 433 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Hygienic Quality of the Gastronomic Offer of a Coastal Tourist Destination: A Study in San Pablo, Ecuador
by Verónica Guadalupe-Moyano, César Villagómez-Buele, Mauricio Carvache-Franco, Wilmer Carvache-Franco and Tito Ramón-Casal
Foods 2022, 11(6), 813; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods11060813 - 12 Mar 2022
Viewed by 2357
Abstract
In Ecuador, the San Pablo commune is one of the main tourist destinations in the Ecuadorian coastal region, recognized for its scenic landscapes and its gastronomy based on fish and seafood. The objective of this study is to evaluate the hygienic quality of [...] Read more.
In Ecuador, the San Pablo commune is one of the main tourist destinations in the Ecuadorian coastal region, recognized for its scenic landscapes and its gastronomy based on fish and seafood. The objective of this study is to evaluate the hygienic quality of the food offered in this location. Hence, five local restaurants were audited for compliance to good manufacturing practices (GMP), considering requirements for personnel, raw materials, facilities, equipment and utensils, quality assurance and storage conditions. Concurrently, four groups of ready-to-serve foods were sampled: rice, fish, natural juice, and raw salads to analyze total coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp. The results confirmed the absence of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp. However, values outside the norm for total coliforms were quantified in three food groups. There was an average compliance of 66.46 ± 16.67% regarding GMP with no significant difference in compliance between the six groups of requirements. These results indicate that work is needed to improve GMP, increase the hygienic quality of food and enhance the gastronomy offered in San Pablo. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Circular Economy—the Way to Make More Sustainable Food Systems)
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24 pages, 4667 KiB  
Article
Mineral Content and Volatile Profiling of Prunus avium L. (Sweet Cherry) By-Products from Fundão Region (Portugal)
by Ana R. Nunes, Ana C. Gonçalves, Edgar Pinto, Filipa Amaro, José D. Flores-Félix, Agostinho Almeida, Paula Guedes de Pinho, Amílcar Falcão, Gilberto Alves and Luís R. Silva
Foods 2022, 11(5), 751; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods11050751 - 04 Mar 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2581
Abstract
Large amounts of Prunus avium L. by-products result from sweet cherry production and processing. This work aimed to evaluate the mineral content and volatile profiling of the cherry stems, leaves, and flowers of the Saco cultivar collected from the Fundão region (Portugal). A [...] Read more.
Large amounts of Prunus avium L. by-products result from sweet cherry production and processing. This work aimed to evaluate the mineral content and volatile profiling of the cherry stems, leaves, and flowers of the Saco cultivar collected from the Fundão region (Portugal). A total of 18 minerals were determined by ICP-MS, namely 8 essential and 10 non-essential elements. Phosphorus (P) was the most abundant mineral, while lithium (Li) was detected in trace amounts. Three different preparations were used in this work to determine volatiles: hydroethanolic extracts, crude extracts, and aqueous infusions. A total of 117 volatile compounds were identified using HS-SPME/GC-MS, distributed among different chemical classes: 31 aldehydes, 14 alcohols, 16 ketones, 30 esters, 4 acids, 4 monoterpenes, 3 norisoprenoids, 4 hydrocarbons, 7 heterocyclics, 1 lactone, 1 phenol, and 2 phenylpropenes. Benzaldehyde, 4-methyl-benzaldehyde, hexanal, lilac aldehyde, and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one were the major volatile compounds. Differences in the types of volatiles and their respective amounts in the different extracts were found. This is the first study that describes the mineral and volatile composition of Portuguese sweet cherry by-products, demonstrating that they could have great potential as nutraceutical ingredients and natural flavoring agents to be used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Circular Economy—the Way to Make More Sustainable Food Systems)
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15 pages, 2450 KiB  
Article
Potential Ophthalmological Application of Extracts Obtained from Tuna Vitreous Humor Using Lactic Acid-Based Deep Eutectic Systems
by Maha M. Abdallah, Inês C. Leonardo, Luna Krstić, Amalia Enríquez-de-Salamanca, Yolanda Diebold, María J. González-García, Frédéric B. Gaspar, Ana A. Matias, Maria Rosário Bronze and Naiara Fernández
Foods 2022, 11(3), 342; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods11030342 - 25 Jan 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2824
Abstract
A green technique was developed to extract hyaluronic acid (HA) from tuna vitreous humor (TVH) for its potential application in managing dry eye disease. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) were used to extract HA and were synthesized using natural compounds (lactic acid, fructose, and [...] Read more.
A green technique was developed to extract hyaluronic acid (HA) from tuna vitreous humor (TVH) for its potential application in managing dry eye disease. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) were used to extract HA and were synthesized using natural compounds (lactic acid, fructose, and urea). The DES, the soluble fraction of TVH in DES (SF), and the precipitated extracts (PE) were evaluated for their potential use in dry eye disease treatment. In vitro experiments on human corneal epithelial cell lines and the effect on dry eye-associated microorganisms were performed. The influence of the samples on the HCE viability, their intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity, inflammatory response, and antimicrobial properties were studied. According to the results, all samples displayed an antioxidant effect, which was significantly higher for PE in comparison to SF. Most of the tested samples did not induce an inflammatory response in cells, which confirmed the safety in ophthalmic formulations. In addition, the DES and SF proved to be efficient against the studied bacterial strains, while PE did not show an antimicrobial effect. Hence, both DES and SF at defined concentrations could be used as potential compounds in dry eye disease management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Circular Economy—the Way to Make More Sustainable Food Systems)
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Review

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19 pages, 871 KiB  
Review
Potential Applications of Frass Derived from Black Soldier Fly Larvae Treatment of Food Waste: A Review
by Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri, Nur Asyiqin Azman, Irfana Kabir Ahmad, Fatihah Suja, Nurul Ain Abdul Jalil and Nur Fardilla Amrul
Foods 2022, 11(17), 2664; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods11172664 - 01 Sep 2022
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 10059
Abstract
The disposal of large amounts of food waste has caused serious environmental pollution and financial losses globally. Compared to alternative disposal methods (landfills, incineration, and anaerobic digestion), composting by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) is a promising alternative for food waste management. Despite [...] Read more.
The disposal of large amounts of food waste has caused serious environmental pollution and financial losses globally. Compared to alternative disposal methods (landfills, incineration, and anaerobic digestion), composting by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) is a promising alternative for food waste management. Despite extensive research into larval biomass, another valuable by-product generated from BSFL composting is BSFL frass. However, limited information is available for its potential application. The applications of BSFL frass can be intensified by understanding its physicochemical characteristics, benefits, and challenges of BSFL frass derived from food waste. BSFL frass is harvested after 9–23 days of the experiment, depending on the substrate used in the composting process. The generated BSFL frass could exceed 33% of the original weight of the substrate. The physicochemical characteristics of BSFL frass are as follows: the temperature after harvest is 24 °C to 27 °C, pH is 5.6–8.0, moisture content is 30 to 72%, C/N ratio is 8:1 to 27:1, high nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) content, and low heavy metal content. This paper reviews the characteristics, benefits, and application of BSFL frass. It will also investigate the challenges of using food waste substrates to produce BSFL frass, as well as the best way to pre-treat the food waste substrate and post-treat the BSFL frass. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Circular Economy—the Way to Make More Sustainable Food Systems)
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