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New Trends in Bioactive Lipids Research in Health and Disease
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New Trends in Bioactive Lipids Research in Health and Disease

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2021) | Viewed by 23087

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Luis M. Rodríguez-Alcalá

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Guest Editor
Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho, Porto, Portugal
Interests: bioactive lipids; conjugated fatty acids; Phospholipids; Lipidomics; obesity; brain lipids; lipid isolation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Lígia Pimentel

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre of Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: lipid isolation; bioactivity; food science; dairy products; functional foods; Mass Spectrometry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Susana Vidigal

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre of Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: low pressure chromatography; lipidomics; terpenes; phytochemicals; food quality
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lipids, until recently only related to energy and structural functions, are currently attracting considerable attention due to new evidence revealing a more prominent involvement in biological processes, which has led to the creation of a new field of research: lipidomics. Although they may be at the root of obesity or cardiovascular diseases, researchers have managed to deepen their functions and show how lipids can help in the regulation of inflammation and the immune system, neuronal function, or even offer alternatives to interfere in the energy metabolism of tumors.

In these studies, the development of methods for their isolation and analysis by means of mass spectrometry and/or combinations of different chromatographic techniques has proven to be essential. Lipids are a complex family of compounds, both at a structural level and in terms of physical-chemical properties, from fatty acids to phospholipids or glycolipids and lipoproteins.

On the other hand, food research is an important part of lipidomics studies, since it has focused not only on the identification of sources of bioactive lipids but also on the determination of biological properties and their mechanisms of action, their absorption, and on finding ways to include them in functional foods, ensuring the stability of the formulation during processing and shelf-life.

Dr. Luis M. Rodríguez-Alcalá
Dr. Lígia Pimentel
Dr. Susana Vidigal
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Foods is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bioactive lipids
  • lipidomics
  • conjugated fatty acids
  • functional foods
  • inflammation
  • obesity
  • cardiovascular health

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 16409 KiB  
Article
Lipid Compositions and Geographical Discrimination of 94 Geographically Authentic Wheat Samples Based on UPLC-MS with Non-Targeted Lipidomic Approach
by Mengchu Jin, Wenhao Zheng, Yaqiong Zhang, Boyan Gao and Liangli (Lucy) Yu
Foods 2021, 10(1), 10; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods10010010 - 23 Dec 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2386
Abstract
Wheat is the staple food for the world’s major populations. However, chemical characters of geographically authentic wheat samples, especially for the lipids, have not been deeply studied. The present research aimed to investigate lipid compositions of Chinese wheat samples and clarify the major [...] Read more.
Wheat is the staple food for the world’s major populations. However, chemical characters of geographically authentic wheat samples, especially for the lipids, have not been deeply studied. The present research aimed to investigate lipid compositions of Chinese wheat samples and clarify the major markers that contribute to the geographical differences. A total of 94 wheat samples from eight main wheat-producing provinces in China were evaluated to differentiate their lipid compositions. Based on the data collected from ultra-high-performance-liquid-chromatography tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF MS), an optimized non-targeted lipidomic method was utilized for analyses. As the results, 62 lipid compounds, including fatty acids, phospholipids, galactolipids, triglycerides, diglycerides, alkylresorcinol, and ceramide were tentatively identified. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) demonstrated a more satisfying performance in distinguishing wheat samples from different origins compared with principal component analysis (PCA). Further, the abundances of triglycerides and glycerophospholipids with more unsaturated fatty acids were found greater in wheat samples from northern origins of China, while more glycolipids and unsaturated fatty acids arose in southern original wheat samples. These findings describe the lipid profiles of wheat samples in China and could contribute to the quality and safety control for the wheat flour products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Bioactive Lipids Research in Health and Disease)
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Review

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18 pages, 1684 KiB  
Review
Bioactive Sugarcane Lipids in a Circular Economy Context
by Francisca S. Teixeira, Susana S. M. P. Vidigal, Lígia L. Pimentel, Paula T. Costa, Manuela E. Pintado and Luís M. Rodríguez-Alcalá
Foods 2021, 10(5), 1125; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods10051125 - 19 May 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5180
Abstract
Most of the global sugar and ethanol supply trade comes from the harvesting of Saccharum officinarum (i.e., sugarcane). Its industrial processing results in numerous by-products and waste streams, such as tops, straw, filter cake, molasses and bagasse. The recovery of lipids (i.e., octacosanol, [...] Read more.
Most of the global sugar and ethanol supply trade comes from the harvesting of Saccharum officinarum (i.e., sugarcane). Its industrial processing results in numerous by-products and waste streams, such as tops, straw, filter cake, molasses and bagasse. The recovery of lipids (i.e., octacosanol, phytosterols, long-chain aldehydes and triterpenoids) from these residues is an excellent starting point for the development of new products for various application fields, such as health and well-being, representing an important feature of the circular economy. By selecting green scalable extraction procedures, industry can reduce its environmental impact. Refluxed ethanol extraction methods have been demonstrated to meet these characteristics. On the other hand, effective non-solvent methodologies such as molecular distillation and supercritical CO2 extraction can fractionate lipids based on high temperature and pressure application with similar yields. Sugarcane lipophilic extracts are usually analyzed through gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) techniques. In many cases, the identification of such compounds involves the development of high-temperature GC–MS/FID techniques. On the other hand, for the identification and quantification of thermolabile lipids, LC–MS techniques are suitable for the separation and identification of major lipid classes. Generically, its composition includes terpenes, phytosterols, tocopherol, free fatty acids, fatty alcohols, wax esters, triglycerides, diglycerides and monoglycerides. These compounds are already known for their interesting application in various fields such as pharma and cosmetics due to their anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Bioactive Lipids Research in Health and Disease)
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17 pages, 2090 KiB  
Review
Utilization of Nanotechnology to Improve the Handling, Storage and Biocompatibility of Bioactive Lipids in Food Applications
by David Julian McClements and Bengü Öztürk
Foods 2021, 10(2), 365; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods10020365 - 08 Feb 2021
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 5380
Abstract
Bioactive lipids, such as fat-soluble vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids, carotenoids and phytosterols play an important role in boosting human health and wellbeing. These lipophilic substances cannot be synthesized within the human body, and so people must include them in their [...] Read more.
Bioactive lipids, such as fat-soluble vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids, carotenoids and phytosterols play an important role in boosting human health and wellbeing. These lipophilic substances cannot be synthesized within the human body, and so people must include them in their diet. There is increasing interest in incorporating these bioactive lipids into functional foods designed to produce certain health benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer and cholesterol-lowering properties. However, many of these lipids have poor compatibility with food matrices and low bioavailability because of their extremely low water solubility. Moreover, they may also chemically degrade during food storage or inside the human gut because they are exposed to certain stressors, such as high temperatures, oxygen, light, moisture, pH, and digestive/metabolic enzymes, which again reduces their bioavailability. Nanotechnology is a promising technology that can be used to overcome many of these limitations. The aim of this review is to highlight different kinds of nanoscale delivery systems that have been designed to encapsulate and protect bioactive lipids, thereby facilitating their handling, stability, food matrix compatibility, and bioavailability. These systems include nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), nanoliposomes, nanogels, and nano-particle stabilized Pickering emulsions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Bioactive Lipids Research in Health and Disease)
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35 pages, 1557 KiB  
Review
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and the Intestinal Epithelium—A Review
by Luke A. Durkin, Caroline E. Childs and Philip C. Calder
Foods 2021, 10(1), 199; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods10010199 - 19 Jan 2021
Cited by 45 | Viewed by 9057
Abstract
Epithelial cells (enterocytes) form part of the intestinal barrier, the largest human interface between the internal and external environments, and responsible for maintaining regulated intestinal absorption and immunological control. Under inflammatory conditions, the intestinal barrier and its component enterocytes become inflamed, leading to [...] Read more.
Epithelial cells (enterocytes) form part of the intestinal barrier, the largest human interface between the internal and external environments, and responsible for maintaining regulated intestinal absorption and immunological control. Under inflammatory conditions, the intestinal barrier and its component enterocytes become inflamed, leading to changes in barrier histology, permeability, and chemical mediator production. Omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can influence the inflammatory state of a range of cell types, including endothelial cells, monocytes, and macrophages. This review aims to assess the current literature detailing the effects of ω-3 PUFAs on epithelial cells. Marine-derived ω-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, as well as plant-derived alpha-linolenic acid, are incorporated into intestinal epithelial cell membranes, prevent changes to epithelial permeability, inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and eicosanoids and induce the production of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids and docosanoids. Altered inflammatory markers have been attributed to changes in activity and/or expression of proteins involved in inflammatory signalling including nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) α and γ, G-protein coupled receptor (GPR) 120 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Effective doses for each ω-3 PUFA are difficult to determine due to inconsistencies in dose and time of exposure between different in vitro models and between in vivo and in vitro models. Further research is needed to determine the anti-inflammatory potential of less-studied ω-3 PUFAs, including docosapentaenoic acid and stearidonic acid. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Bioactive Lipids Research in Health and Disease)
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