State-of-the-Art in the Quality, Composition, Safety, Authenticity and Nutritional Values of Fermented Food

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2023) | Viewed by 9966

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute of Sciences of Food Production ( ISPA – CNR ), Bari, Italy Moorepark Food Research Center, Teagasc, Fermoy co.Cork, Ireland
Interests: mycotoxins; allergens; food safety; food digestion; food proteomics and peptidomics; nutrition

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Guest Editor
Division of Food Safety, The Agriculture and Food Development Authority, Carlow, Ireland
Interests: standardized molecular methods; bacterial toxins; bacterial spores; dairy microbiology risk management
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Humans have been developing the usage and preparation of fermented foods for millennia. In contemporary life, many fermented footstuffs are used commonly every day, such as bread, fermented dairy products, wine, beer, fermented sausages, and sauerkraut; however, many other foods and beverages are becoming popular, such as tempeh, kombucha, and kimchi. The scientific community is presently devoting increasing attention to fermented foods for their richness in prebiotics and their effectiveness in increasing wellness, improving nutrition, enhancing immune responses, and thus suppressing allergy and inflammation. However, although many studies characterise their composition and physico-chemical properties, the lack of standardisation in the production of some of these re-discovered foods inhibits the determination of general properties, properties that include their microbial compositions. The application of innovative technologies and meta-analyses can lead to the discovery of novel biomarkers to characterise the fermented foods’ quality and safety, which is an important step towards their compositional standardisation. From a regulatory perspective, worldwide compliance in the production of fermented foods is subject to food standard agencies and the Protected Designation of Origin, which requires producers to properly label foods’ geographical origins, type of fermenation cultures used, and quality properties. Sharing this knowledge with legislators and industry risk-management systems can improve the development of standardised risk assessments and novel legislation to protect certain peculiarities of fermented foods.

This Special Issue of Foods aims to collect original research articles and literature reviews to expand on knowledge in the field of the standardisation of fermented foods. We welcome colleagues to contribute with their knowledge and expertise on:

  • Novel technologies to study the quality of fermented foods
  • Safety, traceability, and authenticity of fermented foods
  • Functional and biological properties of fermented foods
  • Current statistical tools to manage OMICs data and predict fermented foods quality
  • Meta-analyses and integromics (integrative studies) of omics data
  • Biomarkers of fermented foods quality
  • Regulatory Issues of fermented foods
  • Predictive modelling of microbial behaviour in fermented foods

Dr. Simona Lucia Bavaro
Dr. Triona O'Brien
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • novel technologies
  • food safety
  • food quality
  • traceability
  • authenticity
  • functional and biological properties
  • bioaccessibility/bioavailability
  • starter cultures
  • predictive modelling of microbial behaviour in fermented foods
  • statistical tools to manage omics data

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 8544 KiB  
Article
Influence of Fermentation on Functional Properties and Bioactivities of Different Cowpea Leaf Smoothies during In Vitro Digestion
by Mapula R. Moloto, Stephen A. Akinola, Faith Seke, Tinotenda Shoko, Yasmina Sultanbawa, Jerry L. Shai, Fabienne Remize and Dharini Sivakumar
Foods 2023, 12(8), 1701; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods12081701 - 19 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1700
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 75 (LAB 75) fermentation at 37 °C for 48 h on the pH, total soluble solids (TSS), colour, total titratable acidity (TTA), carotenoids, and bioactivities of cowpea leaf smoothies from three cultivars (VOP 1, VOP [...] Read more.
This study investigated the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 75 (LAB 75) fermentation at 37 °C for 48 h on the pH, total soluble solids (TSS), colour, total titratable acidity (TTA), carotenoids, and bioactivities of cowpea leaf smoothies from three cultivars (VOP 1, VOP 3, and VOP 4). Fermentation reduced the pH from 6.57 to 5.05 after 48 h. The TTA increased with the fermentation period, whilst the TSS reduced. Fermentation of the smoothies resulted in the least colour changes (∆E) in VOP 1 after 48 h. Fermentation of cowpea smoothies (VOP 1, VOP 3, and VOP 4) improved the antioxidant capacity (FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS), which was attributed to the increase in total phenolic compounds and carotenoid constituents in all of the fermented cowpea smoothies. VOP 1 was further selected for analysis due to its high phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The VOP 1 smoothie fermented for 24 h showed the lowest reduction in TPC (11%) and had the highest antioxidant (FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS) activity. Ltp. plantarum 75 was viable and survived the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, and, hence, could be used as a probiotic. VOP 1 intestinal digesta showed significantly higher glucose uptake relative to the undigested and the gastric digesta, while the gastric phase had higher levels of α-amylase and α-glucosidase compared to the undigested samples. Full article
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12 pages, 1138 KiB  
Article
The Characterization of Dry Fermented Sausages under the “Chorizo Zamorano” Quality Label: The Application of an Alternative Statistical Approach
by Javier Plaza, Carmelo Ávila-Zarza, Ana María Vivar-Quintana and Isabel Revilla
Foods 2023, 12(3), 483; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods12030483 - 20 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1538
Abstract
The characterization of quality brand meat products, such as “Chorizo Zamorano” dry fermented sausages, involves a wide range of data which makes it necessary to use alternative statistical methodologies. In this study, the feasibility of the Categorical Principal Components Analysis as a multivariate [...] Read more.
The characterization of quality brand meat products, such as “Chorizo Zamorano” dry fermented sausages, involves a wide range of data which makes it necessary to use alternative statistical methodologies. In this study, the feasibility of the Categorical Principal Components Analysis as a multivariate non-linear technique for the characterization of “Chorizo Zamorano” was assessed. The data analyzed were those of eight commercial brands covered by the quality mark over an eight-year period (2013–2020) and included parameters of the physicochemical composition and organoleptic properties of the product. The results showed that “Chorizo Zamorano” has an average moisture content (28.28%), high protein (38.38%) and fat (51.05%) contents, and a very low carbohydrate concentration (1.52%). Results showed that the fat and protein content and the sensory parameters related to external and internal odor appeared to be the studied variables with the greatest influence on the classification of the products according to their quality. Full article
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Review

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28 pages, 1817 KiB  
Review
The Application of Metagenomics to Study Microbial Communities and Develop Desirable Traits in Fermented Foods
by Meghana Srinivas, Orla O’Sullivan, Paul D. Cotter, Douwe van Sinderen and John G. Kenny
Foods 2022, 11(20), 3297; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods11203297 - 21 Oct 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5989
Abstract
The microbial communities present within fermented foods are diverse and dynamic, producing a variety of metabolites responsible for the fermentation processes, imparting characteristic organoleptic qualities and health-promoting traits, and maintaining microbiological safety of fermented foods. In this context, it is crucial to study [...] Read more.
The microbial communities present within fermented foods are diverse and dynamic, producing a variety of metabolites responsible for the fermentation processes, imparting characteristic organoleptic qualities and health-promoting traits, and maintaining microbiological safety of fermented foods. In this context, it is crucial to study these microbial communities to characterise fermented foods and the production processes involved. High Throughput Sequencing (HTS)-based methods such as metagenomics enable microbial community studies through amplicon and shotgun sequencing approaches. As the field constantly develops, sequencing technologies are becoming more accessible, affordable and accurate with a further shift from short read to long read sequencing being observed. Metagenomics is enjoying wide-spread application in fermented food studies and in recent years is also being employed in concert with synthetic biology techniques to help tackle problems with the large amounts of waste generated in the food sector. This review presents an introduction to current sequencing technologies and the benefits of their application in fermented foods. Full article
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