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Advanced Technologies in Improving the Design Life and Durability of...
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Advanced Technologies in Improving the Design Life and Durability of Timber

A special issue of Forests (ISSN 1999-4907). This special issue belongs to the section "Wood Science and Forest Products".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2021) | Viewed by 16259

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sabrina Palanti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Italian National Research Council Institute for Bio-Economy (CNR-IBE), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
Interests: natural durability of wood and wood-based products; wood preservatives; wood modifications; wood insects; wood fungi and marine organisms; biomaterial based on fungal mycelium and lignocellulosic wastes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Nasko Terziev

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Forest Products and Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
Interests: wood anatomy; physical and mechanical properties; wood durability and protection; novel wood treatment by heat and high frequency waves; wood modification

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Timber is one of most utilized material by humans for buildings, furniture, utility poles, and bridges due to its sustainability, sequestration of carbon during its service life, insulation capacity, mechanical resistance, anti-seismic properties, and its aesthetic aspect. A further advantage of this material is the end-life that is strongly influenced by the treatments or chemical modification applied to the timber for increasing its service life. The disadvantages of this material are mainly due to its organic composition, which can be destroyed by biotic (wood decay) and abiotic (weathering, fire) factors.

This Special Issue considers all the measures against biotic and abiotic factors for extending the service life of timber. We welcome contributions from different scientists working with wood, in the different aspects required for extending its service life.

Dr. Sabrina Palanti
Prof. Dr. Nasko Terziev
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Forests is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • service life
  • wood decay
  • weathering
  • fungi
  • insects
  • marine organisms
  • chemical degradation
  • physical degradation
  • wood treatments
  • wood modifications
  • fire retardants
  • life cycle analysis
  • end use
  • recycling
  • waste

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Other

2 pages, 636 KiB  
Editorial
Advanced Technologies for Increasing the Durability of Timber and Extending Its Service Life
by Sabrina Palanti and Nasko Terziev
Forests 2022, 13(7), 1015; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/f13071015 - 28 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1211
Abstract
Wood is one of most used and appreciated material among humans, and is an irreplaceable choice for building furniture, utility poles, bridges, and more [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Improving the Design Life and Durability of Timber)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Other

13 pages, 1925 KiB  
Article
The Dynamics of Mycobiota Development in Various Types of Wood Dust Depending on the Dust Storage Conditions
by Marta Pędzik, Anna Przybylska-Balcerek, Lidia Szwajkowska-Michałek, Tomasz Szablewski, Tomasz Rogoziński, Maciej Buśko and Kinga Stuper-Szablewska
Forests 2021, 12(12), 1786; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/f12121786 - 16 Dec 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1902
Abstract
Solid or processed wood, and wood waste in particular (dust, shavings, etc.) are the source of a number of health hazards for workers in the wood industry. One of the many negative health effects of exposure to fungi is allergic diseases caused by [...] Read more.
Solid or processed wood, and wood waste in particular (dust, shavings, etc.) are the source of a number of health hazards for workers in the wood industry. One of the many negative health effects of exposure to fungi is allergic diseases caused by hypersensitivity reactions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of wood species and the degree of dust fragmentation, resulting from processing conditions and storage conditions on the level of wood dust contamination with microscopic fungi during 1 year of storage. An additional aspect of the research was the assessment of the influence of the antioxidant wood bioactive compounds on the development of A. alternata microscopic fungi. It was found that the conditions in which wood dust is stored significantly affect the development of microscopic fungi, especially fungi of the genus Alternaria. The results indicate that temperature is the determining factor, not the relative humidity of the air. The degree of dust fragmentation resulting from the sanding paper grit also has a significant impact on the development of microscopic fungi. Finer dust is more susceptible to the development of microscopic fungi. The antioxidant activity of the wood from which the dust was formed was found to have a significant impact on the development of microscopic fungi. An inverse relationship was observed, indicating the strong activity of antimicrobial substances. Gaining comprehensive knowledge of how all factors affect each other is a key step in understanding the risk and implementing measures to prevent and protect the work environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Improving the Design Life and Durability of Timber)
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21 pages, 10244 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Historical Timber Structural Building Taking Fujiu Zhou House as an Example
by Peixuan Wang, Shengcai Li, Nicola Macchioni, Sabrina Palanti and Gabriele Milani
Forests 2021, 12(9), 1172; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/f12091172 - 30 Aug 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4152
Abstract
Physical and mechanical properties of timber components are the basis of developing the technical measures for the conservation and restoration of historical timber structural buildings. By means of integrating on-site investigation (such as a visual survey, moisture content test, micro-drilling resistance test, and [...] Read more.
Physical and mechanical properties of timber components are the basis of developing the technical measures for the conservation and restoration of historical timber structural buildings. By means of integrating on-site investigation (such as a visual survey, moisture content test, micro-drilling resistance test, and material samples collection of historical timber components) and laboratory tests, this study proposed a series of methodologies for comprehensively evaluating the physical and mechanical properties of timber. This method can be quickly mastered by various non-professionals and can help the cross-learning of various disciplines engaged in the research of architectural heritage protection. As a trial, the methodologies were applied to survey and assess a typical historical Chinese timber structural building named the Fujiu Zhou house (the house is located in No. 19, Qinglian lane, Yangzhou city, Jiangsu province, China). The paper studies the 224 components of the main structure of the building, including 128 columns and 96 beams. With the help of the components’ defects and damage status, GB/T13942.2-1992 and the National Lumber Grades Authority (NLGA), the grade of timber components was distinguished. The modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), and other related material properties parameters of timber components were also obtained. The trial results verify that the proposed methodologies are reasonable, and they can be helpful for the conservation of a historical timber structural building. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Improving the Design Life and Durability of Timber)
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10 pages, 2583 KiB  
Article
Enhancement of Wood Biological Resistance and Fire Retardant Properties after Laccase Assisted Enzymatic Grafting
by Cristian Bolaño, Sabrina Palanti, Luigi Benni and Diego Moldes
Forests 2021, 12(8), 1102; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/f12081102 - 18 Aug 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2100
Abstract
Several treatments of wood, based on laccase assisted grafting, were evaluated in this paper. Firstly, the efficacy of lignosulfonate and kraft lignin from Eucalyptus spp. as a wood preservative was assessed. Both ligno products were anchored to wood surfaces via laccase treatment in [...] Read more.
Several treatments of wood, based on laccase assisted grafting, were evaluated in this paper. Firstly, the efficacy of lignosulfonate and kraft lignin from Eucalyptus spp. as a wood preservative was assessed. Both ligno products were anchored to wood surfaces via laccase treatment in order to avoid leaching. Moreover, some of these wood preservative treatments were completed with the addition of silver nanoparticles. For comparison, a commercial product was also analyzed in terms of its fungal decay resistance during surface application, in accordance to use class 3, CEN EN 335. Secondly, the anchoring of a flame retardant based on tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) was attempted, to limit the dispersion of this toxic substance from treated wood. In both cases, kraft lignin and lignosulfonate showed an improvement in wood durability, even after leaching. However, the addition of silver nanoparticles did not improve the efficacy. On the other hand, the efficacy of TBBPA as a flame retardant was not improved by grafting it with laccase treatment or by adding O2, a co-factor of laccase. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Improving the Design Life and Durability of Timber)
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8 pages, 1326 KiB  
Article
Caffeine Interactions with Wood Polymers
by Klára Kobetičová, Kristýna Ďurišová and Jana Nábělková
Forests 2021, 12(5), 533; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/f12050533 - 26 Apr 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2169
Abstract
Caffeine is a verified bioactive substance suitable for wood protection against pests. Unlike studies of the biocidal effects of caffeine, caffeine-wood bonds and interactions with wood polymer structures have not been studied whatsoever thus far. For this reason, caffeine (1 g/L) interactions with [...] Read more.
Caffeine is a verified bioactive substance suitable for wood protection against pests. Unlike studies of the biocidal effects of caffeine, caffeine-wood bonds and interactions with wood polymer structures have not been studied whatsoever thus far. For this reason, caffeine (1 g/L) interactions with the main wood components (cellulose; hemicellulose; lignin and its precursors conipheryl alcohol, sinapyl alcohol, coumaryl alcohol) were analyzed in the present study. Caffeine concentrations were analyzed using UV–VIS spectrometry at wavelength 287 nm. The results confirmed caffeine variable binding with wood components in comparison to controls (pure caffeine). Cellulose and sinapyl alcohol did not interact with caffeine. Caffeine was bonded with the rest of the wood components in an increasing rank: conipheryl alcohol = lignin < hemicellulose < coumaryl alcohol. These results have a significant role in the protection of wood depending on its chemical composition and the wood species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Improving the Design Life and Durability of Timber)
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Other

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6 pages, 2494 KiB  
Brief Report
Biological Resistance of Acetylated Radiata Pine, European Beech, and MDF against Marine Borers at Three Italian Sites after Five Years Immersion
by Sabrina Palanti, Federico Stefani, Monica Andrenacci, Marco Faimali, Irene Guarneri, Marco Sigovini and Davide Tagliapietra
Forests 2022, 13(5), 636; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/f13050636 - 20 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1419
Abstract
The aim of this research was to determine the resistance of acetylated wood against marine biodeterioration in use class 5 for use in temperate waters. The resistance of acetylated radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) on solid and medium-density fiberboard (MDF) panels [...] Read more.
The aim of this research was to determine the resistance of acetylated wood against marine biodeterioration in use class 5 for use in temperate waters. The resistance of acetylated radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) on solid and medium-density fiberboard (MDF) panels was compared with untreated wood of European species, such as European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), European oak (Quercus robur L.), and marine plywood. As a reference control, untreated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood was used. The field tests were carried out in accordance with EN 275, and started in April 2015. The three Italian exposure sites were Marine of Scarlino private harbor, Port of Genoa, and the Venice Lagoon. Final evaluation in 2021 showed a greater resistance to marine borers of acetylated wood, radiata pine, and beech and MDF panels. However, the untreated European species showed low resistance against marine organisms, with complete decay after the first year of exposure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Improving the Design Life and Durability of Timber)
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8 pages, 1301 KiB  
Brief Report
Bio-Based Phase Change Materials for Wooden Building Applications
by Sabrina Palanti, Ali Temiz, Gaye Köse Demirel, Gökhan Hekimoğlu, Ahmet Sarı, Meysam Nazari, Mohamed Jebrane, Thomas Schnabel and Nasko Terziev
Forests 2022, 13(4), 603; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/f13040603 - 12 Apr 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2245
Abstract
Solid wood can serve multifunctionality for energy savings in buildings. The study reveals the results of biodeterioration and degradation of solid Scots pine wood used to incorporate single or multicomponent fatty acid mixtures as bio-based phase change materials (BPCMs). The sapwood samples were [...] Read more.
Solid wood can serve multifunctionality for energy savings in buildings. The study reveals the results of biodeterioration and degradation of solid Scots pine wood used to incorporate single or multicomponent fatty acid mixtures as bio-based phase change materials (BPCMs). The sapwood samples were impregnated with capric acid (CA), methyl palmitate (MP), lauryl alcohol (LA) and a mixture of coconut oil fatty acids and linoleic acid (CoFA-LA). The samples were tested against subterranean termites by an Italian species (Reticulitermes lucifugus), the wood boring beetle Hylotrupes bajulus and mold through a discoloration test. Tested against termites, the impregnated samples were significantly less susceptible to the attack than the controls, i.e., the tested BPCMs were resistant to R. lucifugus. The only test with MP terminated at the moment against H. bajulus showed positive results with no larvae surviving. The mold discoloration test revealed that the wood impregnated with CoFA-LA was identically susceptible to mold discoloration when compared to the control, nonimpregnated samples. This pioneer study verifies that solid wood employed for the encapsulation of BPCMs for building purposes can serve identically or somewhat better than similar wooden building elements regarding attacks of the above microorganisms and insects. Such multifunctional building elements will be tested further in a pilot scale building to characterize better the durability aspects of the new materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Improving the Design Life and Durability of Timber)
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