Nutrigenomics in Dairy Animals

A special issue of Genes (ISSN 2073-4425). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Genetics and Genomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2021) | Viewed by 5934

Special Issue Editor

Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, 561 Weniger Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
Interests: nutrigenomics; hemp; mastitis; dairy; PPAR
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nutrigenomics is a relatively new branch of research in dairy animals with great potential to address the challenges of improving the efficiency of milk production and animal health. Since the review published in 2015 (J Anim Sci. 2015 Dec;93(12):5531–53), several advances have been made, and more researchers have joined forces to advance this field of research. The affordability of large transcriptomic analysis, including analysis of non-coding RNA, has provided us with the opportunity to assess the nutrigenomic role of many feed compounds. Furthermore, novel molecular techniques, such as CRISPR-Cas9, are available that can help us to further study nutrient–gene interactions and how these interactions affect the milk production and health of dairy animals.

The aim of this Special Issue is to capture advances in nutrigenomics in dairy animals, including the development of new methods (e.g., techniques, cell lines, or protocols) and studies performed in vitro, ex vivo, in vivo, or in silico to investigate nutrient–gene interactions in dairy animals.

Prof. Massimo Bionaz
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • dairy
  • nutrigenomics
  • milk synthesis
  • physiology
  • systems biology
  • molecular biology
  • byproducts
  • bioactive compounds
  • transcriptomics

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1825 KiB  
Article
When Two plus Two Is More than Four: Evidence for a Synergistic Effect of Fatty Acids on Peroxisome Proliferator—Activated Receptor Activity in a Bovine Hepatic Model
by Sebastiano Busato and Massimo Bionaz
Genes 2021, 12(8), 1283; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/genes12081283 - 21 Aug 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2269
Abstract
The inclusion of fat in livestock diets represents a valuable and cost-effective way to increase the animal’s caloric intake. Beyond their caloric value, fatty acids can be understood in terms of their bioactivity, via the modulation of the ligand-dependent nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors [...] Read more.
The inclusion of fat in livestock diets represents a valuable and cost-effective way to increase the animal’s caloric intake. Beyond their caloric value, fatty acids can be understood in terms of their bioactivity, via the modulation of the ligand-dependent nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR). Isotypes of PPAR regulate important metabolic processes in both monogastric and ruminant animals, including the metabolism of fatty acids (FA), the production of milk fat, and the immune response; however, information on the modulation of bovine PPAR by fatty acids is limited. The objective of this study was to expand our understanding on modulation of bovine PPAR by FA, both when used individually and in combination, in an immortalized cell culture model of bovine liver. Of the 10 FA included in the study, the greatest activation of the PPAR reporter was detected with saturated FA C12:0, C16:0, and C18:0, as well as phytanic acid, and the unsaturated FA C16:1 and C18:1. When supplemented in mixtures of 2 FA, the most effective combination was C12:0 + C16:0, while in mixtures of 3 FA, the greatest activation was caused by combinations of C12:0 with C16:0 and either C18:0, C16:1, or C18:1. Some mixtures display a synergistic effect that leads to PPAR activation greater than the sum of their parts, which may be explained by structural dynamics within the PPAR ligand-binding pocket. Our results provide fundamental information for the development of tailored dietary plans that focus on the use of FA mixtures for nutrigenomic purposes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrigenomics in Dairy Animals)
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23 pages, 4578 KiB  
Article
Response of Bovine Cumulus–Oocytes Complexes to Energy Pathway Inhibition during In Vitro Maturation
by Paulina Lipinska, Ewa Sell-Kubiak, Piotr Pawlak, Zofia Eliza Madeja and Ewelina Warzych
Genes 2021, 12(6), 838; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/genes12060838 - 29 May 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3082
Abstract
Glucose or fatty acids (FAs) metabolisms may alter the ovarian follicle environment and thus determine oocyte and the nascent embryo quality. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effect of selective inhibition of glucose (iodoacetate + DHEA) or FA (etomoxir) metabolism [...] Read more.
Glucose or fatty acids (FAs) metabolisms may alter the ovarian follicle environment and thus determine oocyte and the nascent embryo quality. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effect of selective inhibition of glucose (iodoacetate + DHEA) or FA (etomoxir) metabolism on in vitro maturation (IVM) of bovine COCs (cumulus–oocyte complexes) to investigate oocyte’s development, quality, and energy metabolism. After in vitro fertilization, embryos were cultured to the blastocyst stage. Lipid droplets, metabolome, and lipidome were analyzed in oocytes and cumulus cells. mRNA expression of the selected genes was measured in the cumulus cells. ATP and glutathione relative levels were measured in oocytes. Changes in FA content in the maturation medium were evaluated by mass spectrometry. Our results indicate that only glucose metabolism is substantial to the oocyte during IVM since only glucose inhibition decreased embryo culture efficiency. The most noteworthy differences in the reaction to the applied inhibition systems were observed in cumulus cells. The upregulation of ketone body metabolism in the cumulus cells of the glucose inhibition group suggest possibly failed attempts of cells to switch into lipid consumption. On the contrary, etomoxir treatment of the oocytes did not affect embryo development, probably due to undisturbed metabolism in cumulus cells. Therefore, we suggest that the energy pathways analyzed in this experiment are not interchangeable alternatives in bovine COCs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrigenomics in Dairy Animals)
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