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Geosciences
Special Issues
Radioisotopes Studies in the Geosciences
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Radioisotopes Studies in the Geosciences

A special issue of Geosciences (ISSN 2076-3263). This special issue belongs to the section "Geochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 8271

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jorge Sanjurjo-Sánchez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
University Institute of Geology, Universidade da Coruña, ESCI, Campus de Elviña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
Interests: dating of geological and archaeological materials by luminescence; dating techniques: electron spin resonance radiocarbon, terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides; radionuclide content of rocks and applications: hazards, geothermy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Carlos Alves

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
LandS/Lab2PT-Landscapes, Heritage and Territory laboratory (FCT-AUR/04509) and Earth Sciences Department, School of Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
Interests: environmental geochemistry and mineralogy; natural stone durability; petrographic features and stone decay; salt weathering; porous media; weathering processes in the built environment; effects of pollutants on stone decay; stone decay as markers of pollution effects; conservation strategies for stone architectural heritage
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Carlos Figueiredo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CERENA, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: stone decay and conservation in the built environment; cultural heritage; digital image processing and analysis; mathematical morphology; quantitative microscopy; petrophysics; petrography; mineralogy and geochemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Radioactive isotopes of diverse chemical elements are widespread on the Universe and in the different geochemical reservoirs of the Earth, and they have a wide array of half-lives, from the order of the Big Bang age to less than a second.

These features make them an important source of information on a variety of processes, from cosmological to anthropogenic, and they have been used in studies based on their distribution and the proportion of isotopes, as well as on their radiation signal (namely, gamma radiation).

Radioactive decay is also a source of energy for nuclear plants and geothermal installations, applications that could be used in the decarbonization of human civilization.

However, radioactive isotopes can also be a source of worries, concerning their emissions of gamma radiation and radon, and in relation to their presence in terrains and building materials, as well as in terms of the processing of nuclear waste.

This Special Issue welcomes high-quality contributions with new results as well as reviews with syntheses that propose new perspectives. Potential examples of suitable subjects include:

  • Evolution of the cosmos and cosmological bodies;
  • Petrogenetic processes;
  • Mineral deposits of radioactive chemical elements;
  • Exploration techniques of radioactive minerals and associated substances;
  • Radioactivity measurements for geotechnical characterization of terrains;
  • Environmental impacts of radioisotopes migration;
  • Dating of terrains and human objects;
  • Radioisotopes and geothermal energy;
  • Assessment of hazards related to the presence of radioisotopes in terrains and geological materials;
  • Geological issues related to the storage of radioactive waste;
  • Relations between radioisotopes and geological hazards such as Earthquakes;
  • Practical applications of cosmic radiation in Geosciences.

Manuscripts on other themes related to the use of radioisotopes for studies in the Geosciences will also be welcome.

Dr. Jorge Sanjurjo-Sánchez
Dr. Carlos Alves
Dr. Carlos Figueiredo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Geosciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Cosmology
  • Petrogenesis
  • Mineral exploration
  • Absolute dating
  • Mineral resources for nuclear energy
  • Nuclear waste storage
  • Geothermal energy
  • Gamma radiation
  • Radon
  • Environmental contaminants
  • Indicators of geological hazards
  • Natural radioactivity

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 40942 KiB  
Article
The Study of Uranium Accumulation in Marine Bottom Sediments: Effect of Redox Conditions at the Time of Sedimentation
by Nadezhda Khaustova, Yulia Tikhomirova, Svetlana Korost, Elena Poludetkina, Andrey Voropaev, Mikhail Mironenko and Mikhail Spasennykh
Geosciences 2021, 11(8), 332; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/geosciences11080332 - 06 Aug 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2304
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of redox conditions at the sedimentation stage on uranium content and U/TOC ratio in marine source rocks, we analyzed the accumulation of uranium in modern marine bottom sediments formed in different redox conditions. The behavior of uranium from bottom [...] Read more.
To evaluate the effect of redox conditions at the sedimentation stage on uranium content and U/TOC ratio in marine source rocks, we analyzed the accumulation of uranium in modern marine bottom sediments formed in different redox conditions. The behavior of uranium from bottom sediments formed in oxidizing and sub-oxidizing settings has been studied on the sediments of the Upper Pleistocene–Holocene age accumulated in the coastal area of the White Sea (Kandalaksha Gulf). We studied the content of uranium, Eh, pH, TOC, C, H, N, and S element and isotope compositions and other parameters in two sampled columns of bottom sediments at a depth of 0–2.5 m. The composition of sediments was typical for the shelf zone where marine genesis mixes with the continental run-off. The upper layer of sediments (0–50 cm) were characterized by oxidizing conditions (Eh ~ 400 mV); with the increase in depth, redox conditions changed from oxidizing to reducing (−0 ÷ −200 mV). The uranium concentration in the upper layer was 1–1.5 ppm, U/TOC ratio varied in the range of 0.8–1.1 ppmU/%TOC. The uranium content and U/TOC ratio increased up to the values of 2.6 ppm and 1.4 ppmU/%TOC at a depth of 0.5–2.5 m, respectively, but the general content of uranium in the studied environment was close to the values characterizing continental run-off. The results obtained for the White Sea sediments were compared with the sediment of the Black Sea, formed in the anoxic conditions of hydrogen sulfide contamination. In these conditions, the uranium content varied from 10 to 20 ppm. The obtained data were interpreted using thermodynamic modeling of the uranium forms in the seawater at different pH and Eh. This study demonstrated that the change of redox conditions from oxidizing to reducing leads to increased uranium content due to a decrease in uranium’s solubility in water. These results show that oxidation–reduction potential could be one of the most important factors controlling uranium content in black shales formed in the marine environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radioisotopes Studies in the Geosciences)
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13 pages, 1777 KiB  
Article
Natural Radioactivity of Laterite and Volcanic Rock Sample for Radioactive Mineral Exploration in Mamuju, Indonesia
by Ilsa Rosianna, Eka Djatnika Nugraha, Heri Syaeful, Sugili Putra, Masahiro Hosoda, Naofumi Akata and Shinji Tokonami
Geosciences 2020, 10(9), 376; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/geosciences10090376 - 19 Sep 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 5225
Abstract
Mamuju is a region of Indonesia with relatively high exposure to natural radiation. Since 2012, Mamuju has been a uranium and thorium exploration area. Several mapping studies of the region have been carried out to depict NORM (naturally occurring radioactive material) areas and [...] Read more.
Mamuju is a region of Indonesia with relatively high exposure to natural radiation. Since 2012, Mamuju has been a uranium and thorium exploration area. Several mapping studies of the region have been carried out to depict NORM (naturally occurring radioactive material) areas and areas with uranium anomalies. This paper is the first study to use radioactivity measurements of laterite and volcanic rocks to determine the characteristics of radionuclides and other mineral measurements, which are essential for categorising Mamuju rocks and exploring the region as a potential mining area. The radioactivity of the samples was measured using a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. Furthermore, we used X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to determine the rock mineral composition. Mamuju is anomalous due to its high content of 238U and 232Th concentrations of 539–128,699 Bq·kg−1 (average: 22,882 Bq·kg−1) and 471–288,639 Bq·kg−1 (average: 33,549 Bq·kg−1), respectively. The major elements are dominant, including Fe2O3, SiO2, Al2O3, and Na2O, with several other major elements such as MnO, TiO2, and CaO. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radioisotopes Studies in the Geosciences)
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