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Assessment and Treatment for Healthcare of the Musculoskeletal System
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Assessment and Treatment for Healthcare of the Musculoskeletal System

A special issue of Healthcare (ISSN 2227-9032). This special issue belongs to the section "Nursing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (24 May 2022) | Viewed by 65103

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Junghoon Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Physical Therapy, College of Nursing, Healthcare Sciences and Human Ecology, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea
2. Integrated Physical Medicine Institute, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea
Interests: kinesiology taping; balance control; physiotherapy for sports injuries; musculoskeletal disorders; physiotherapy; muscle fatigue; cross taping; orthosis for misalignment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The musculoskeletal system includes muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, bones, and joints. Problems of the musculoskeletal system can lead to pain, stiffness, weakness, and impaired movement and function. Therefore, various evaluation/treatment methods and orthoses for maintaining the health of the musculoskeletal system are essential. In addition, since the nervous system controls voluntary muscle movement, ensuring its proper function is crucial.

This Special Issue of Healthcare focuses on the relationship between the musculoskeletal system and healthcare. It includes the results of scientific studies on various assessments; treatment methods (including alternative medicine); evaluation of various disorders of muscles, tendons, fascia, nerves, ligaments, bones, and joints; and orthoses for protecting the musculoskeletal system.

Prof. Dr. Junghoon Lee
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Healthcare is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • muscles
  • bones
  • spine
  • fascia
  • tendon
  • ligament
  • cartilage
  • nerve
  • joints
  • musculoskeletal disorders
  • nerve entrapment syndrome
  • malalignment syndrome
  • sports injuries
  • measurement and evaluation
  • physical exam
  • orthosis
  • physical rehabilitation
  • physiotherapy
  • complementary medicine
  • alternative medicine

Published Papers (19 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 197 KiB  
Editorial
A Guideline of Cross Taping for the Assessment and Treatment of Musculoskeletal Disorder
by Jung-Hoon Lee
Healthcare 2021, 9(6), 717; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/healthcare9060717 - 11 Jun 2021
Viewed by 2269
Abstract
Recently, the use of cross taping has increased, especially among clinicians in Europe, in the treatment of various musculoskeletal disorders [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment and Treatment for Healthcare of the Musculoskeletal System)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review, Other

10 pages, 587 KiB  
Article
Impact of Sub-Clinical and Clinical Compression Socks on Postural Stability Tasks among Individuals with Ankle Instability
by Hunter Derby, Nathan O. Conner, Amit Talukder, Aaron Griffith, Charles Freeman, Reuben Burch, Jeffrey D. Simpson, Daniel J. Goble, Adam C. Knight and Harish Chander
Healthcare 2022, 10(7), 1271; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/healthcare10071271 - 08 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1746
Abstract
Compression socks are used by a very diverse group of individuals and may potentially have a greater impact on physically diminished or impaired individuals as opposed to healthy individuals. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of sub-clinical (SC) and [...] Read more.
Compression socks are used by a very diverse group of individuals and may potentially have a greater impact on physically diminished or impaired individuals as opposed to healthy individuals. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of sub-clinical (SC) and clinical (CL) compression socks among healthy (CON), copers (COP), and individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Postural stability was evaluated in 20 participants (11 males and 9 females) using Balance Tracking System Balance platform (BTrackS™) during the modified clinical test of sensory integration in balance (mCTSIB) and limits of stability (LOS) tests. Postural sway parameters were analyzed using a mixed model repeated measures analysis of variance 3 (group: CON, COP, and CAI) by 3 (compression condition: BF, SC, and CL) × 4 (balance condition: EO, EC, EOF, and ECF) for mCTSIB and a 3 (group: CON, COP, and CAI) by 3 (compression condition: BF, SC, CL) × 4 (balance condition: FL, BL, BR, FR) for LOS. Results revealed significantly greater postural stability with both SC and CL compression socks when compared to barefoot conditions. However, no significant differences were observed among groups for compression socks grades. Both SC and CL compression socks may be effective in increasing postural stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment and Treatment for Healthcare of the Musculoskeletal System)
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11 pages, 1430 KiB  
Article
Therapeutic Patient Education after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Evaluation of the Knowledge and Certitudes with a Self-Report Questionnaire
by Alban Fouasson-Chailloux, Vincent Crenn, Bastien Louguet, Jérôme Grondin, Pierre Menu and Marc Dauty
Healthcare 2022, 10(5), 934; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/healthcare10050934 - 18 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1811
Abstract
Therapeutic education aims to help patients acquire skills and knowledge, and to improve psychosocial aspects to manage chronic disease. After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), only 35 to 60% of the patients are able to go back to their previous sport. Return to [...] Read more.
Therapeutic education aims to help patients acquire skills and knowledge, and to improve psychosocial aspects to manage chronic disease. After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), only 35 to 60% of the patients are able to go back to their previous sport. Return to sport depends on the motivation of the patient. No therapeutic education has already been proposed. We aimed to evaluate the effect of therapeutic education sessions on knowledge improvement during inpatient rehabilitation after ACLR, compared to patients operated with the same surgical technic, but who had no therapeutic education because of outpatient rehabilitation. Sessions were performed by a multidisciplinary team. The evaluation of the knowledge was performed with a true or false 12-items self-report questionnaire. Fifty-four patients were studied and compared to 54 patients with no therapeutic education. The educated and the non-educated groups were comparable. The number of correct answers increased from 73% before therapeutic education to 95% at the end of the hospitalization (p < 0.001). This improvement persisted over time with 91.5% of correct answers at four months (p = 0.94). The non-educated group had 70% of correct answers. This was significantly lower than the results obtained from the educated group at four months (p < 0.001). It was comparable to the result obtained before therapeutic education (p = 0.91). Therapeutic patient education performed during hospitalization for rehabilitation enables patients to have a better knowledge of the stages from rehabilitation to return to sport and the risks of complication after ACLR. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment and Treatment for Healthcare of the Musculoskeletal System)
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8 pages, 1973 KiB  
Article
Stabilization of the Distal Radioulnar Joint with or without Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Tear by an External Wrist Band Brace: A Cadaveric Study
by Seung-Han Shin, Taeyong Park, Eunah Hong, Dai-Soon Kwak and Yang-Guk Chung
Healthcare 2022, 10(5), 828; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/healthcare10050828 - 30 Apr 2022
Viewed by 2120
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a watch-shaped external wrist band brace improves distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) stability. Seven fresh cadaveric arms were used. Using a customized testing system, volar and dorsal translation forces were applied to the radius externally [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a watch-shaped external wrist band brace improves distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) stability. Seven fresh cadaveric arms were used. Using a customized testing system, volar and dorsal translation forces were applied to the radius externally while the ulna was fixed. The test was performed with the forearm in neutral, 60° pronated, and 60° supinated positions, once without the brace and once with the brace applied. In each condition, the amount of translation was measured. Then, the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) was detached from the ulnar styloid process and the fovea ulnaris, and the same tests were performed again. Detachment of the TFCC significantly increased volar and dorsal translations in all forearm rotations compared to the intact condition (p < 0.05), except for the pronated dorsal translation of the radius (p = 0.091). Brace application significantly reduced volar and dorsal translations in all forearm rotations both in intact specimens and in TFCC-detached specimens (p < 0.05), except for pronated volar and dorsal translations in TFCC-detached specimens (p = 0.101 and p = 0.131, respectively). With the brace applied, the TFCC-detached specimens showed no significant difference in volar or dorsal translation in all forearm rotations compared to the intact specimens (p > 0.05). The external wrist band brace improved DRUJ stability in both normal and TFCC-torn wrists and reduced the DRUJ instability caused by TFCC tear to a near-normal level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment and Treatment for Healthcare of the Musculoskeletal System)
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14 pages, 549 KiB  
Article
Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Its Association with Quality of Life, Postural Stability, and Past Incidence of Falls in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Akira Okayama, Naomi Nakayama, Kaori Kashiwa, Yutaka Horinouchi, Hayato Fukusaki, Hirosuke Nakamura and Satoru Katayama
Healthcare 2022, 10(2), 192; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/healthcare10020192 - 19 Jan 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2773
Abstract
In this cross-sectional analysis of 61 postmenopausal osteoporosis patients who regularly visited an osteoporosis outpatient clinic, we aimed to clarify the prevalence of sarcopenia and its related clinical factors. Of 61 patients (mean age 77.6 ± 8.1 years), 24 (39.3%) had osteosarcopenia and [...] Read more.
In this cross-sectional analysis of 61 postmenopausal osteoporosis patients who regularly visited an osteoporosis outpatient clinic, we aimed to clarify the prevalence of sarcopenia and its related clinical factors. Of 61 patients (mean age 77.6 ± 8.1 years), 24 (39.3%) had osteosarcopenia and 37 (60.7%) had osteoporosis alone. Age, nutritional status, and the number of prescribed drugs were associated with the presence of sarcopenia (p = 0.002, <0.001, and 0.001, respectively), while bone mineral density (BMD) and % young adult mean BMD were not (p = 0.119 and 0.119, respectively). Moreover, patients with osteosarcopenia had lower quality of life (QOL) scores, greater postural instability, and a higher incidence of falls in the past year than patients with osteoporosis alone. In contrast, BMD status showed no correlation with the nutritional status, QOL score, postural instability, or incidence of falls in the past year. In conclusion, the incidence of sarcopenia was relatively high among postmenopausal osteoporosis female patients in an osteoporosis outpatient clinic. Our results suggest that in addition to routine BMD evaluation, assessment and management of sarcopenia may be promoted at osteoporosis outpatient clinics to limit the risk of falls and prevent consequent fragility fractures in osteoporosis patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment and Treatment for Healthcare of the Musculoskeletal System)
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10 pages, 852 KiB  
Article
Association between Kinesiophobia and Knee Pain Intensity, Joint Position Sense, and Functional Performance in Individuals with Bilateral Knee Osteoarthritis
by Mastour Saeed Alshahrani, Ravi Shankar Reddy, Jaya Shanker Tedla, Faisal Asiri and Adel Alshahrani
Healthcare 2022, 10(1), 120; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/healthcare10010120 - 07 Jan 2022
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 3350
Abstract
In current clinical practice, fear of movement has been considered a significant factor affecting patient disability and needs to be evaluated and addressed to accomplish successful rehabilitation strategies. Therefore, the study aims (1) to establish the association between kinesiophobia and knee pain intensity, [...] Read more.
In current clinical practice, fear of movement has been considered a significant factor affecting patient disability and needs to be evaluated and addressed to accomplish successful rehabilitation strategies. Therefore, the study aims (1) to establish the association between kinesiophobia and knee pain intensity, joint position sense (JPS), and functional performance, and (2) to determine whether kinesiophobia predicts pain intensity, JPS, and functional performance among individuals with bilateral knee osteoarthritis (KOA). This cross-sectional study included 50 participants (mean age: 67.10 ± 4.36 years) with KOA. Outcome measures: The level of kinesiophobia was assessed using the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, pain intensity using a visual analog scale (VAS), knee JPS using a digital inclinometer, and functional performance using five times sit-to-stand test. Knee JPS was assessed in target angles of 15°, 30°, and 60°. Pearson’s correlation coefficients and simple linear regressions were used to analyze the data. Significant moderate positive correlations were observed between kinesiophobia and pain intensity (r = 0.55, p < 0.001), JPS (r ranged between 0.38 to 0.5, p < 0.05), and functional performance (r = 0.49, p < 0.001). Simple linear regression analysis showed kinesiophobia significantly predicted pain intensity (B = 1.05, p < 0.001), knee JPS (B ranged between 0.96 (0° of knee flexion, right side) to 1.30 (15° of knee flexion, right side)), and functional performance (B = 0.57, p < 0.001). We can conclude that kinesiophobia is significantly correlated and predicted pain intensity, JPS, and functional performance in individuals with KOA. Kinesiophobia is a significant aspect of the recovery process and may be taken into account when planning and implementing rehabilitation programs for KOA individuals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment and Treatment for Healthcare of the Musculoskeletal System)
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8 pages, 942 KiB  
Article
Is the Severity of Cervical Foraminal Stenosis Related to the Severity and Sidedness of Symptoms?
by Han-Dong Lee, Chang-Hoon Jeon, Nam-Su Chung, Ha-Seung Yoon and Hee-Woong Chung
Healthcare 2021, 9(12), 1743; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/healthcare9121743 - 17 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 6549
Abstract
(1) Background: Cervical foraminal stenosis (CFS) is a common cause of axial neck and arm pain. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the severity of CFS and clinical symptoms in terms of severity and sidedness. (2) Methods: We [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Cervical foraminal stenosis (CFS) is a common cause of axial neck and arm pain. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the severity of CFS and clinical symptoms in terms of severity and sidedness. (2) Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 75 consecutive patients with degenerative CFS. We graded 900 foramina from C3–4 to T1–2 using Park’s grading system. We collected visual analogue scale (VAS) and neck disability index (NDI) values from the neck and both arms. We analyzed the relationships with CFS grades and total number. We defined four types of left/right dominance of CFS (none, left-dominant, right-dominant, and both) by comparing left and right sides using total counts and maximal grade of CFS, respectively. We compared arm pain sidedness (no arm pain, left-only, right only, and bilateral) among different left and right CFS dominance types. (3) Results: Mean neck and left and right arm VAS scores were 4.4 ± 2.5, 4.9 ± 1.6, and 4.6 ± 2.0, respectively. The mean total NDI was 16.0 ± 8.0. The CFS grade at C3–4 and total count were correlated with neck VAS. Arm VAS was also correlated with CFS grade and total counts. Total NDI score was not correlated with radiological parameters. The presence and sidedness of arm pain were significantly different between left and right CFS dominance groups divided by total count of grade 2 and 3 CFS. (4) Conclusions: The CFS grade and total count were correlated with neck and arm VAS. Arm pain occurred more frequently on the side with more grade 2 and 3 CFS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment and Treatment for Healthcare of the Musculoskeletal System)
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12 pages, 21206 KiB  
Article
Perceived Usefulness of Telerehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Belgium–France Pilot Study during Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic
by Frédéric Dierick, Amélie Pierre, Loredana Profeta, Frédéric Telliez and Fabien Buisseret
Healthcare 2021, 9(11), 1605; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/healthcare9111605 - 22 Nov 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2755
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 has affected the practice of physiotherapy, and telerehabilitation (TR) may be seen as an alternative model of care if it is accepted by patients and physiotherapists. This study investigates the perceived usefulness of TR and the intention to use it among [...] Read more.
Background: COVID-19 has affected the practice of physiotherapy, and telerehabilitation (TR) may be seen as an alternative model of care if it is accepted by patients and physiotherapists. This study investigates the perceived usefulness of TR and the intention to use it among physiotherapists and patients from Belgium and France concerned with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) during the pandemic period. Methods: An online questionnaire based on the technology-acceptance model was designed. Sociodemographic data were collected and Likert scales were proposed to assess perceived ease-of-use, perceived usefulness and intention to use TR. Data were collected between 17 January and 17 March 2021; 68 patients and 107 physiotherapists answered. Results: In total, 88% of patients and 76% physiotherapists had not used TR at the time they answered. Only 12% of patients and 1% of physiotherapists are willing to use TR, and 50% of physiotherapists think they will never use TR compared to 25% of patients. A total of 98% of participants agreed that they had a good mastery of the technological tools requested. Conclusions: Physiotherapists are more reluctant to use TR than patients, regardless of convincing EBM results. This is related to their own representation of proper MSD management, which must include the use of hands-on techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment and Treatment for Healthcare of the Musculoskeletal System)
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10 pages, 256 KiB  
Article
Physical Therapy Use and Associated Factors in Adults with and without Osteoarthritis—An Analysis of the Population-Based German Health Update Study
by Kim Elisa Sussmann, Hannes Jacobs and Falk Hoffmann
Healthcare 2021, 9(11), 1544; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/healthcare9111544 - 12 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1400
Abstract
Background: Physical therapy (PT) is recommended as first-line management for osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study was to assess the PT use among adults with OA and those without (Non-OA) and subsequently identify associated factors among these populations. Methods: This cross-sectional study [...] Read more.
Background: Physical therapy (PT) is recommended as first-line management for osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study was to assess the PT use among adults with OA and those without (Non-OA) and subsequently identify associated factors among these populations. Methods: This cross-sectional study obtained national data from the population-based German Health Update (GEDA2014/2015-EHIS) study containing 24,016 participants aged 18 years and older. Analyses were stratified by sex, age, socioeconomic status (SES), residence, smoking behavior, body mass index, pain and general health. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted to evaluate factors associated with PT use within the past 12 months. Results: PT was used more frequently in the OA population compared with the Non-OA population (35.8% vs. 18.7%). In both populations, women, participants with high SES, residence in Eastern Germany, severe pain, poor general health and non-smokers received PT more frequently. Multivariate analysis confirmed these findings, in addition to people aged 80 years and older. The influence of SES was higher among OA participants. Conclusion: The underutilization of PT in OA patients (35.8%) was particularly evident among males, people with a low SES and those being older than 60 years, which aids to develop strategies increasing PT use towards guideline-oriented OA management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment and Treatment for Healthcare of the Musculoskeletal System)
10 pages, 1407 KiB  
Article
Acute Effects of Dermal Suction on Passive Muscle and Joint Stiffness
by Shota Enomoto, Tomonari Shibutani, Yu Akihara, Miyuki Nakatani, Kazunori Yamada and Toshiaki Oda
Healthcare 2021, 9(11), 1483; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/healthcare9111483 - 31 Oct 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2113
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the acute effects of dermal suction on the passive mechanical properties of specific muscles and joints. Dermal suction was applied to the calves of 24 subjects. Passive plantar flexion torque was measured with the [...] Read more.
The aim of the present study was to examine the acute effects of dermal suction on the passive mechanical properties of specific muscles and joints. Dermal suction was applied to the calves of 24 subjects. Passive plantar flexion torque was measured with the right knee fully extended and the right ankle positioned at 20°, 10°, 0°, and −10° angles, where 0° represents the ankle neutral position, and positive values correspond to the plantar flexion angle. The shear wave velocity (SWV) (m/s) of the medial gastrocnemius was measured in the same position using ultrasound shear wave elastography. The relationship between the joint angle and passive torque at each 10° angle was defined as passive joint stiffness (Nm/°). Passive muscle and joint stiffness were measured immediately before and after the dermal suction protocol. When the ankle joint was positioned at 20° (r = 0.53, P = 0.006), 10° (r = 0.43, P = 0.030), and −10° (r = 0.60, P = 0.001), the SWV was significantly higher after dermal suction than that before dermal suction. Regarding joint stiffness, we found no significant difference between the pre- and post-dermal suction values (partial η2 = 0.093, P > 0.05). These findings suggest that dermal suction increases passive muscle stiffness and has a limited impact on passive joint stiffness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment and Treatment for Healthcare of the Musculoskeletal System)
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13 pages, 14769 KiB  
Article
Fluctuations of Training Load Variables in Elite Soccer Players U-14 throughout the Competition Season
by Hadi Nobari, Masoud Kharatzadeh, Sara Mahmoudzadeh Khalili, Jorge Pérez-Gómez and Luca Paolo Ardigò
Healthcare 2021, 9(11), 1418; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/healthcare9111418 - 21 Oct 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2267
Abstract
Excessive daily training load (TL) can affect the musculoskeletal system health of youth elite soccer players. The purposes of this study were (i) to describe the TL and session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) throughout the competition season; (ii) to analyze the weekly [...] Read more.
Excessive daily training load (TL) can affect the musculoskeletal system health of youth elite soccer players. The purposes of this study were (i) to describe the TL and session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) throughout the competition season; (ii) to analyze the weekly (w) differences of acute (daily) workload (wAWL), chronic workload (wCWL), acute–chronic workload ratio, training monotony (wTM), and training strain (wTS) among three periods over the season (early-, mid-, and end-season) by playing position; and (iii) to compare the TL variables during competition periods for the whole team. Twenty young elite soccer players in the under-14 category participated in this study. The game positions were considered as six wide defenders and wide midfielders (WM), five central defenders and central midfielders, and four strikers (ST). Daily monitoring was continued for 26 weeks during a full competition season. According to the league schedule, the season was divided into three periods: early-season from w1 to w8, mid-season from w9 to w17, and end-season from w18 to w26. The main results were that the higher TLs were detected in the early- and mid-season. There was a wAWL and wCWL decrease for all playing positions from early- to mid- and end-season, but the wCWL change was significant only from early- to mid-season (p ≤ 0.05). For all playing positions but ST, there was a considerable wTM increase from early- to mid-season. When compared with all other playing positions in terms of wAWL and wCWL, WM showed significantly greater values (p ≤ 0.05). Throughout the season periods, all workload indicators showed a considerable reduction, although there was a significant increase in the three other workload-derived variables (all with p ≤ 0.05) and namely: (i) wACWLR from mid- to end-season; (ii) wTM from early- to mid- and end-season; and (iii) wTS from early- to mid-season. Daily training load and s-RPE had significant fluctuations during all macrocycles of the competition season (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, in the mid-season, wTM and wTS were higher. Training load monitoring (in terms of, e.g., wAWL, wCWL, and s-RPE) could be the key for coaches of soccer teams to prevent overtraining and injury, especially in U-14 players, who are more susceptible to being affected by high workload. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment and Treatment for Healthcare of the Musculoskeletal System)
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20 pages, 314 KiB  
Article
Assessing Cranial Nerves in Physical Therapy Practice: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Survey and Implication for Clinical Practice
by Firas Mourad, Giovanni Lopez, Fabio Cataldi, Filippo Maselli, Leonardo Pellicciari, Mattia Salomon, Hendrikus Kranenburg, Roger Kerry, Alan Taylor and Nathan Hutting
Healthcare 2021, 9(10), 1262; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/healthcare9101262 - 24 Sep 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 7343
Abstract
Background and objective: Serious pathologies of the neck can potentially result in cranial nerve palsy. Knowledge about cranial nerve examination (CNE) seems sparse, and its use is still unknown. We aim to investigate the knowledge, skills, and utilization of CNE of Italian physiotherapists. [...] Read more.
Background and objective: Serious pathologies of the neck can potentially result in cranial nerve palsy. Knowledge about cranial nerve examination (CNE) seems sparse, and its use is still unknown. We aim to investigate the knowledge, skills, and utilization of CNE of Italian physiotherapists. Materials and Methods: An online cross-sectional survey. Results: 396 completed the survey, reaching the required sample size. Although Italian physiotherapists consider CNE relevant (mean ± SD = 7.6/10 ± 2.0), over half of all responders (n = 229 (57.8%)) were not trained in the fundamentals and around a third did not use it in their daily practice (n = 138 (34.8%)). Additionally, participants were unconfident and insecure in conducting (n = 152 (38.4%) and n = 147 (37.1%)), interpreting (n = 140 (35.4%) and n = 164 (41.4%)), and managing the CNE (n = 141 (35.6%) and n = 154 (38.9%)). Possessing a musculoskeletal specialization was associated with an increased value attributed to clinical practice guidelines and reduced the lack of confidence in conducting, interpreting, and managing the CNE (respectively, n = 35 (25.5%), p = 0.0001; n = 32 (23.4%) p = 0.0002; n = 32 (23.4%) p = 0.0002). Working in a direct access setting significantly increased the considered relevance of guidelines and the concerns about arterial (p = 0.004) and other serious pathologies (p = 0.021). Pain and visual disturbances were considered the main indicators to CNE, demonstrating limited knowledge of signs and symptoms’ indicating CNE. Participants considered specific training in CNE as relevant (mean ± SD = 7.6/10 = 2.1). Conclusions: a substantial proportion of Italian physiotherapists are not schooled in the fundamentals of cranial nerve examination. Given the number of physiotherapists who work in first contact roles, this is a professional concern. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment and Treatment for Healthcare of the Musculoskeletal System)
10 pages, 1185 KiB  
Article
Muscle Exercise Mitigates the Negative Influence of Low Socioeconomic Status on the Lack of Muscle Strength: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Hanna Lee, Mi-Ji Kim, Junhee Lee, Mingyo Kim, Young Sun Suh, Hyun-Ok Kim and Yun-Hong Cheon
Healthcare 2021, 9(10), 1244; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/healthcare9101244 - 22 Sep 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1433
Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES), which takes into account household income and education level, is an important factor in the role of muscle strength as a discriminator of sarcopenia. Although the benefits of exercise on muscle strength are well recognized, its influence on people of [...] Read more.
Socioeconomic status (SES), which takes into account household income and education level, is an important factor in the role of muscle strength as a discriminator of sarcopenia. Although the benefits of exercise on muscle strength are well recognized, its influence on people of different SES has not been fully elucidated, informing the aim of this study. A total of 6081 subjects, for which we had complete data on measurements of handgrip strength (HGS) and other relevant variables, were included from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) VII-3. A multivariable analysis showed that people with a low household income (odds ratio (OR) 1.637, p = 0.005) and low education status (OR 2.351, p < 0.001) had a poor HGS compared to those with a high SES, and that the difference in HGS made by muscle exercise was greater for people with a low household income (OR 7.082 vs. 3.619, p < 0.001) and low education status (OR 14.711 vs. 6.383, p < 0.001). Three-step logistic regression analysis showed that muscle exercise mediated the relationship between muscle strength and low household income (OR from 1.772 to 1.736, z = 2.373, p = 0.017) and low education level (OR from 2.368 to 2.309, z = 2.489, p = 0.012). This study confirmed that exercise improves the negative effect of SES on muscle strength, suggesting the greater importance of muscle exercise for people with a low SES. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment and Treatment for Healthcare of the Musculoskeletal System)
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9 pages, 1069 KiB  
Article
Effects of Rehabilitation Exercise on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Muscle Cross-Sectional Area in Overweight Patients with Low Back Pain
by Won-Moon Kim, Su-Ah Lee, Yun-Jin Park and Yong-Gon Seo
Healthcare 2021, 9(7), 809; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/healthcare9070809 - 27 Jun 2021
Viewed by 1455
Abstract
Limited studies exist on the effects of exercise therapy on obese and normal-weight patients. Herein, we investigated the effect of a 12-week rehabilitation exercise program on cardiovascular risk factors, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and change in the cross-sectional area (CSA) of lumbar muscles [...] Read more.
Limited studies exist on the effects of exercise therapy on obese and normal-weight patients. Herein, we investigated the effect of a 12-week rehabilitation exercise program on cardiovascular risk factors, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and change in the cross-sectional area (CSA) of lumbar muscles in patients with obesity and normal-weight low back pain (LBP). LBP patients were allocated to the overweight LBP group (OLG; n = 15) and normal-weight LBP group (NLG; n = 15). They performed a rehabilitation exercise program three times per week for 12 weeks. Cardiovascular risk factors, ODI score, and lumbar muscle CSA were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Body composition, body weight (p < 0.001), and body mass index (p < 0.001) significantly improved after the exercise intervention in OLG. Body fat percentage significantly decreased in both groups, but OLG (p < 0.001) showed slightly greater improvement than NLG (p = 0.034). Total cholesterol (p = 0.013) and low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.002) significantly improved in OLG. ODI score improved significantly in both groups (p = 0.000). Lumbar muscle CSA showed a significant difference in the context of the time result (p = 0.008). OLG showed a significant improvement post-intervention (p = 0.003). The rehabilitation exercise program was more beneficial on cardiovascular risk factors and change in lumbar muscle CSA in OLG, suggesting an intensive exercise intervention needed for overweight patients with LBP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment and Treatment for Healthcare of the Musculoskeletal System)
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Review

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11 pages, 1440 KiB  
Review
Commonly Used Types and Recent Development of Ankle-Foot Orthosis: A Narrative Review
by Yoo Jin Choo and Min Cheol Chang
Healthcare 2021, 9(8), 1046; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/healthcare9081046 - 13 Aug 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 13921
Abstract
(1) Background: ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) is the most commonly prescribed orthosis to patients with foot drop, and ankle and foot problems. In this study, we aimed to review the commonly used types of AFO and introduce the recent development of AFO. (2) Methods: [...] Read more.
(1) Background: ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) is the most commonly prescribed orthosis to patients with foot drop, and ankle and foot problems. In this study, we aimed to review the commonly used types of AFO and introduce the recent development of AFO. (2) Methods: narrative review. (3) Results: AFO prevents the foot from being dragged, provides a clearance between the foot and the ground in the swinging phase of gait, and maintains a stable posture by allowing heel contact with the ground during the stance phase. In clinical practice, the most commonly used AFO include plastic AFO, walking boot, UD-Flex, and carbon fiber AFO. In addition, for compensating the demerits of these conventional AFOs, new types of AFOs, including AF Servo, TurboMed, three-dimensionally printed AFO, and AFO made from kenaf composites, were developed. (4) Conclusions: we think that our review can guide clinicians in selecting and prescribing the appropriate AFO for each patient in accordance with their specific physical conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment and Treatment for Healthcare of the Musculoskeletal System)
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Other

5 pages, 1054 KiB  
Case Report
Iliacus Muscle Hematoma an Uncommon Complication in a Rehabilitation Unit: A Case Report Study
by Riccardo Battaglia, Antonio Cerasa, Maria Elena Pugliese, Lucia Francesca Lucca and Paolo Tonin
Healthcare 2022, 10(2), 297; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/healthcare10020297 - 03 Feb 2022
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Abstract
Iliacus muscle hematoma is a very rare condition in rehabilitation wards. A 35-year-old pregnant woman at seven months with cerebellar hematoma with signs of compression underwent a cesarean procedure together with neurosurgical decompression of the posterior cranial fossa procedure. After a period in [...] Read more.
Iliacus muscle hematoma is a very rare condition in rehabilitation wards. A 35-year-old pregnant woman at seven months with cerebellar hematoma with signs of compression underwent a cesarean procedure together with neurosurgical decompression of the posterior cranial fossa procedure. After a period in an intensive unit without any complications, she was admitted to our neurorehabilitation ward and treated with antihypertensive therapy, heparin, and anti-seizure drugs. During a rehabilitation session, after a bed–wheelchair transfer, she was feeling very unwell suffering from severe right leg pain radiating to the mid-face leg. Despite unremarkable physical evidence (skin appearance, temperature, and peripheral arterial pulse in both legs), imaging data (ultrasound, CT, and MRI) confirmed the presence of a right iliac muscle hematoma (IMH). Enoxaparin was immediately stopped, and bed rest was prescribed in an antalgic position with tramadole acetaminophen for pain control. After a few days, the patient felt well and was discharged without any additional symptoms. Our study demonstrates that, when a sudden severe leg pain develops, IMH should be considered in the differential diagnosis. This finding suggests further research and tailored protocols for rehabilitation in patients at high risk for iliacus muscle hematoma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment and Treatment for Healthcare of the Musculoskeletal System)
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7 pages, 451 KiB  
Case Report
Gluteal Compartment Syndrome and Rhabdomyolysis after Prolonged Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy and Treatment Strategies Including Rehabilitation: A Case Report
by Jae-Gyeong Jeong, Seock Hwan Choi, Ae-Ryoung Kim and Jong-Moon Hwang
Healthcare 2022, 10(1), 47; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/healthcare10010047 - 28 Dec 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2801
Abstract
Background: Rhabdomyolysis is a clinical symptom caused by the rapid release of intracellular components such as myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase into the blood circulation. It is commonly caused by muscular injury including compartment syndrome, infection, drugs, etc. Although it rarely occurs [...] Read more.
Background: Rhabdomyolysis is a clinical symptom caused by the rapid release of intracellular components such as myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase into the blood circulation. It is commonly caused by muscular injury including compartment syndrome, infection, drugs, etc. Although it rarely occurs during surgery, the incidence may increase if risk factors such as long operation time, improper posture, and condition of being overweight exist. Case Presentation: A 46-year-old male patient complained of pain and weakness in the right hip area and several abnormal findings were observed in the blood sample, reflecting muscle injury and decreased renal function after prolonged urological surgery. He was confirmed as having rhabdomyolysis, which was caused by compartment syndrome of the right gluteal muscle. After the diagnosis, conservative cares were performed in the acute phase and rehabilitation treatments were performed in the chronic phase. After conservative treatment and rehabilitation, blood sample values returned to almost normal ranges and both level of pain and muscle strength were significantly improved. In addition, about 25 days after discharge, he almost recovered to pre-operative condition. Conclusion: Careful attention is required to prevent intraoperative compartment syndrome. It also suggests that not only medical treatment but also early patient-specific rehabilitation is important in patients with rhabdomyolysis after prolonged surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment and Treatment for Healthcare of the Musculoskeletal System)
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13 pages, 989 KiB  
Systematic Review
Electroacupuncture for Temporomandibular Disorders: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
by Soo-Hyun Sung, Dongsu Kim, Minjung Park, Su-In Hwang, Young-Jin Yoon, Jang-Kyung Park and Hyun-Kyung Sung
Healthcare 2021, 9(11), 1497; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/healthcare9111497 - 02 Nov 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2042
Abstract
Although electroacupuncture (EA) is an effective treatment for pain relief, there has been no systematic review of EA treatment for temporomandibular disorder TMD. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EA in TMD management. We searched 14 databases until [...] Read more.
Although electroacupuncture (EA) is an effective treatment for pain relief, there has been no systematic review of EA treatment for temporomandibular disorder TMD. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EA in TMD management. We searched 14 databases until April 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of EA on TMDs. Eleven RCTs with 667 patients that used three acupuncture points (ST6, ST7, and LI4) were included. Two RCTs reported significant effects of EA plus microwave treatment compared with EA treatment alone on the total effectiveness rate (TER) for TMD. Further, two studies reported that compared with ultrashort wave alone, EA plus ultrashort wave had a significant effect on the TER for TMD and visual analog scale. All RCTs did not report adverse events. Our findings demonstrated the positive potential of EA in TMD management. However, there was weak evidence regarding EA use for TMD management given the poor quality and small sample sizes of the included studies. In the future, well-designed RCTs are required. It is necessary to investigate clinical trials and systematic reviews to compare the effectiveness and safety of EA and acupuncture for TMD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment and Treatment for Healthcare of the Musculoskeletal System)
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7 pages, 916 KiB  
Case Report
The Impact of Kinesiology Taping on a Greek Foot with a Hammertoe—A Case Report
by Tobiasz Żłobiński, Anna Stolecka-Warzecha, Magdalena Hartman-Petrycka and Barbara Błońska-Fajfrowska
Healthcare 2021, 9(9), 1178; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/healthcare9091178 - 07 Sep 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2537
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Hammertoe, one of the most common toe deformities, causes pain due to overloading of the periarticular tissues and skin lesions. Additionally, it results in problems with footwear choice, an unattractive foot appearance and a deterioration in quality of life. The [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Hammertoe, one of the most common toe deformities, causes pain due to overloading of the periarticular tissues and skin lesions. Additionally, it results in problems with footwear choice, an unattractive foot appearance and a deterioration in quality of life. The most common treatment for rigid and advanced deformities is surgery, and these procedures are widely described in literature. If the changes in the interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints are flexible (that mean they undergo correction without causing pain) or surgery is not possible, conservative treatment should be considered. No research, however, has been found detailing this treatment method. Conservative treatment includes the Kinesiology Taping (KT) method, which involves applying taping to correct deformities. This report describes the effect of KT treatment in a female patient with hammertoes. Materials and Methods: Anthropometric foot measurements (3D scanner) and foot loadings (baropodometric platform) are presented before KT applying, immediately after tapes application and after tapes removal following one month of use. Results: After using KT application parameters such as: foot length, maximum foot load, load under the area of the metatarsals II-III changed. Conclusion: Kinesiology Taping seems to be a symptomatic form of treatment of the effects of lesser toes deformity, therefore it is a good alternative for patients who do not want or cannot undergo surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment and Treatment for Healthcare of the Musculoskeletal System)
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