Research

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13 pages, 2438 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Boosting Polyamines to Enhance Shoot Regeneration in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Using AgNO₃

by Walaa M. R. M. Adly, Yasser S. A. Mazrou, Mohammad E. EL-Denary, Mahasen A. Mohamed, El-Sayed T. Abd El-Salam and Ahmed S. Fouad

Horticulturae 2022, 8(2), 113; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/horticulturae8020113 - 27 Jan 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2614

Abstract

Advancements in shoot regeneration systems support biotechnology-based tools used in the genetic improvement of plant crops. This study aims to enhance shoot regeneration in potatoes by boosting polyamine content by adding AgNO₃ to the shoot regeneration medium (MS medium supplemented with 30 [...] Read more.

Advancements in shoot regeneration systems support biotechnology-based tools used in the genetic improvement of plant crops. This study aims to enhance shoot regeneration in potatoes by boosting polyamine content by adding AgNO₃ to the shoot regeneration medium (MS medium supplemented with 30 g L⁻¹ sucrose, 100 mg L⁻¹ myoinositol, and 2.25 BA mg L⁻¹). Five concentrations of AgNO₃ (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg L⁻¹) were used in addition to a control. The effect of AgNO₃ on regeneration assumed a more or less concentration-dependent bell-shaped curve peaking at 4 mg L⁻¹. Enhancements in shoot regeneration were attributed to the known role of AgNO₃ as an ethylene action blocker in addition to improvements in polyamine accumulation without an increase in H₂O₂ content, lipid peroxidation, or DNA damage. The uncoupling of shoot regeneration and polyamine content recorded at high AgNO₃ concentrations can be attributed to the consumption of polyamines to counteract the synchronized oxidative stress manifested by increases in H₂O₂ content, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Engineering or Tissue Culture Technology for Medicinal and Horticultural Plants)

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12 pages, 1367 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Vitro Propagation of Aconitum chasmanthum Stapf Ex Holmes: An Endemic and Critically Endangered Plant Species of the Western Himalaya

by Shah Rafiq, Nasir Aziz Wagay, Irshad Ahmad Bhat, Zahoor Ahmad Kaloo, Sumaira Rashid, Feng Lin, Tarek K Zin El-Abedin, Shabir Hussain Wani, Eman A. Mahmoud, Khalid F. Almutairi and Hosam O. Elansary

Horticulturae 2021, 7(12), 586; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/horticulturae7120586 - 17 Dec 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3467

Abstract

Aconitum chasmanthum Stapf ex Holmes, a highly valued medicinal plant, is a critically endangered plant species with restricted global distribution. Because there is no published report on the in vitro micropropagation of A. chasmanthum, the present study was undertaken to contribute to [...] Read more.

Aconitum chasmanthum Stapf ex Holmes, a highly valued medicinal plant, is a critically endangered plant species with restricted global distribution. Because there is no published report on the in vitro micropropagation of A. chasmanthum, the present study was undertaken to contribute to the development of an efficient micropropagation protocol for its conservation. Seeds collected from the wild showed enhanced germination after being given a chilling treatment (−4 °C and −20 °C) for different durations (10, 20, 30 and 40 days). Seeds given a chilling treatment of −4 °C for 10 days showed enhanced germination rates of 47.59 ± 0.53% with a mean germination time of 10.78 ± 0.21 days compared to seeds kept at room temperature when grown in an MS basal medium. Nodes, leaves and stems, taken from 20–40-day-old seedlings, were used as an explant for micropropagation. An MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of cytokinins (BAP, Kn), auxins (2,4-D, NAA), and an additive adenine sulphate were tested for callusing, direct shoot regeneration and rooting. Only nodal explants responded and showed direct multiple shoot regeneration with 7 ± 0.36 shoots with an elongation of 5.51 ± 0.26 cm in the MS medium supplemented with BAP 0.5 mg/L, and with a response time (RT) of 10.41 ± 0.51 days and a percentage culture response of 77.77 ± 2.77%. Rhizome formation was observed after 8 weeks, with the highest culture response of 36.66 ± 3.33% in the MS basal media with an RT of 43.75 ± 0.50 days. These rhizomes showed a 60% germination rate within 2 weeks and developed into plantlets. The present in vitro regeneration protocol could be used for the large-scale propagation and conservation of A. chasmanthum. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Engineering or Tissue Culture Technology for Medicinal and Horticultural Plants)

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11 pages, 5258 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Somatic Embryogenesis and Indirect In Vitro Plant Regeneration in Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch by One-Step Seedling Formation

by Dandan Li, Mohammad Aqa Mohammadi, Yuan Qin and Zongshen Zhang

Horticulturae 2021, 7(11), 497; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/horticulturae7110497 - 15 Nov 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3328

Abstract

Konjac (Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch) is a well-known tuberous vegetable belonging to the important medicinal family Araceae, and the plant grows from an underground tuber. Here, we used a “one-step seedling regeneration” tissue culture system to improve the plantlet regeneration efficiency [...] Read more.

Konjac (Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch) is a well-known tuberous vegetable belonging to the important medicinal family Araceae, and the plant grows from an underground tuber. Here, we used a “one-step seedling regeneration” tissue culture system to improve the plantlet regeneration efficiency of konjac using young leaves as an explant source. In the current study, we used several sterilization methods for tuber sterilization. Moreover, various plant growth regulator combinations were applied to achieve efficient somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration. Our results showed that the optimal tuber sterilization was method C (75% alcohol for 15 s + 0.1% HgCl₂ for 15 min + washing by double-sterilized water three times). Three types of embryogenic calli were induced on full-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), 0.5 mg/L of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 1.0 mg/L of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and 30 g/L of sucrose. Of the three types of embryogenic calli, only type Ⅲ further regenerated plantlets, with a callus induction rate of 55.73% and a seedling induction rate of 92.73%. This suggests that the addition of the above hormones gives the optimal callus induction. The proliferation rate achieved was 38% on the MS basal medium containing 1.0 mg/L of 6-BA, 1.0 mg/L of indolebutyric acid (IBA), 0.2 mg/L of kinetin (KT), and 50 g/L of sucrose. The one-step seedling formation achieved in MS medium contained 2.0 mg/L of 6-BA, 0.5 mg/L of NAA, 0.1 mg/L of gibberellic acid (GA₃), and 30 g/L of sucrose, and the number of regenerated shoots per explants was 6 ± 2. Therefore, we establish a one-step seedling regeneration system through indirect plant regeneration, which shortens the time for konjac in vitro regeneration, significantly increased the micropropagation efficiency, and decreased the cost of the konjac tissue culture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Engineering or Tissue Culture Technology for Medicinal and Horticultural Plants)

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8 pages, 10683 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Plant Regeneration from Leaf Explants of the Medicinal Herb Wedelia chinensis

by Yung-Ting Tsai and Kin-Ying To

Horticulturae 2021, 7(10), 407; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/horticulturae7100407 - 15 Oct 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2455

Abstract

Wedelia chinensis, belonging to the Asteraceae family, has been used in folk medicine in East and South Asia for the treatment of common inflammatory diseases and protection against liver toxicity. Previously, in vitro propagation through different tissue explants has been reported, including [...] Read more.

Wedelia chinensis, belonging to the Asteraceae family, has been used in folk medicine in East and South Asia for the treatment of common inflammatory diseases and protection against liver toxicity. Previously, in vitro propagation through different tissue explants has been reported, including through nodal segments, axillary buds, and shoot tips, whereas leaf segments failed to proliferate. Here, we report on the in vitro propagation of W. chinensis by culturing young leaf explants in MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 0.75 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ), 1 mg/L gibberellic acid (GA₃), 3.75 mg/L adenine, 3% sucrose, and 0.8% agar at pH 5.8. Calli were observed in all explants derived from the youngest top two leaves, and the average percentage of shoot regeneration was 23% from three independent experiments. Then, several shoots were excised, transferred onto MS basal medium supplemented with 3% sucrose and 0.8% agar at pH 5.8, and cultured in a growth chamber for 1 to 2 months. Roots were easily induced. Finally, plantlets carrying shoots and roots were transferred into soil, and all of them grew healthily in a greenhouse. No morphological variation was observed between the regenerated plantlets and the donor wild-type plants. In addition, we also established root cultures of W. chinensis in culture medium (MS medium, 3 mg/L NAA, 3% sucrose, pH 5.8) with or without 0.8% agar. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper reporting plant regeneration from leaf explants in the herbal plant W. chinensis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Engineering or Tissue Culture Technology for Medicinal and Horticultural Plants)

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9 pages, 1363 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sucrose Enhances Anthocyanin Accumulation in Torenia by Promoting Expression of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Genes

by Aung Htay Naing, Junping Xu, Kyeung Il Park, Mi Young Chung and Chang Kil Kim

Horticulturae 2021, 7(8), 219; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/horticulturae7080219 - 02 Aug 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1929

Abstract

We examined the effects of different sucrose concentrations (3%, 5%, and 7%) on anthocyanin accumulation and plant growth in wild type (WT) and transgenic (T₂) torenia cultivar “Kauai Rose” overexpressing the anthocyanin regulatory transcription factors B-Peru + mPAP1 or RsMYB1. Sucrose [...] Read more.

We examined the effects of different sucrose concentrations (3%, 5%, and 7%) on anthocyanin accumulation and plant growth in wild type (WT) and transgenic (T₂) torenia cultivar “Kauai Rose” overexpressing the anthocyanin regulatory transcription factors B-Peru + mPAP1 or RsMYB1. Sucrose increased anthocyanin production in both WT and transgenic plants, with higher anthocyanin production in transgenic plants compared to WT plants. Higher sucrose concentrations increased production of anthocyanin in transgenic and WT plants, with increased anthocyanin production associated with increased expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Higher sucrose concentrations reduced growth of WT and transgenic plants. Our results indicate that sucrose enhances anthocyanin production in torenia by regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Engineering or Tissue Culture Technology for Medicinal and Horticultural Plants)

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14 pages, 3320 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Light Conditions and Medium Composition on Morphophysiological Characteristics of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni In Vitro and In Vivo

by Alla A. Shulgina, Elena A. Kalashnikova, Ivan G. Tarakanov, Rima N. Kirakosyan, Mikhail Yu. Cherednichenko, Oksana B. Polivanova, Ekaterina N. Baranova and Marat R. Khaliluev

Horticulturae 2021, 7(7), 195; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/horticulturae7070195 - 15 Jul 2021

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3652

Abstract

We investigated the influence of different conditions (light composition and plant growth regulators (PGRs) in culture media) on the morphophysiological parameters of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni in vitro and in vivo. Both PGRs and the light spectra applied were found to significantly affect plant [...] Read more.

We investigated the influence of different conditions (light composition and plant growth regulators (PGRs) in culture media) on the morphophysiological parameters of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni in vitro and in vivo. Both PGRs and the light spectra applied were found to significantly affect plant morphogenesis. During the micropropagation stage of S. rebaudiana, optimal growth, with a multiplication coefficient of 15, was obtained in an MS culture medium containing 2,4-epibrassinolide (Epin) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mg L⁻¹, respectively. During the rooting stage, we found that the addition of 0.5 mg L⁻¹ hydroxycinnamic acid (Zircon) to the MS medium led to an optimal root formation frequency of 85% and resulted in the formation of strong plants with well-developed leaf blades. Cultivation on media containing 0.1 mg L⁻¹ Epin and 0.5 mg L⁻¹ IAA and receiving coherent light irradiation on a weekly basis resulted in a 100% increase in the multiplication coefficient, better adventitious shoot growth, and a 33% increase in the number of leaves. S. rebaudiana microshoots, cultured on MS media containing 1.0 mg L⁻¹ 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5 mg L⁻¹ IAA with red monochrome light treatments, increased the multiplication coefficient by 30% compared with controls (white light, media without PGRs). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Engineering or Tissue Culture Technology for Medicinal and Horticultural Plants)

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15 pages, 1064 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimization of Different Factors for Initiation of Somatic Embryogenesis in Suspension Cultures in Sandalwood (Santalum album L.)

by Manoj Kumar Tripathi, Niraj Tripathi, Sushma Tiwari, Gyanendra Tiwari, Nishi Mishra, Dilip Bele, Rajesh Prasad Patel, Swapnil Sapre and Sharad Tiwari

Horticulturae 2021, 7(5), 118; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/horticulturae7050118 - 19 May 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3332

Abstract

Santalum album (L.) is a prized tropical tree species of high therapeutic and industrial importance. The wood of these naturally grown plants is extensively harvested to acquire therapeutically important metabolite santalol and be used for additional functions such as in wood statuette industries. [...] Read more.

Santalum album (L.) is a prized tropical tree species of high therapeutic and industrial importance. The wood of these naturally grown plants is extensively harvested to acquire therapeutically important metabolite santalol and be used for additional functions such as in wood statuette industries. Due to high demand, it is crucial to maintain a sufficient plant population. An easy protocol for establishing cell suspension culture initiated from the loose embryogenic callus mass of sandalwood was realized by shifting 6–8-week-old morphogenic calli acquired from the mature embryonic axis and cotyledon explant cultures in fluid media. The asynchronous embryogenic cultures were sloughed with clumps of flourishing cell clumps and embryos of various progressive phases along with diffident non-embryogenic tissues. The frequency of embryo proliferation was evidenced to determinethe expansion pace of embryogenic masses under diverse conditions. The intonation of initiation and creation of cell suspension was under the directive of the influence of exogenous plant growth regulators amended in the nutrient medium at different concentrations and combinations. Maximum relative growth rate (386%) and clumps/embryoids in elevated integers (321.44) were accomplished on MS nutrient medium fortified with 2.0 mg L⁻¹ 2,4-D in association with 0.5 mg L⁻¹ BA and 30.0 g L⁻¹ sucrose raised from mature embryonic axis-derived calli. Plantlet regeneration in higher frequency (84.43%) was evidenced on MS medium amended with 1.0 mg L⁻¹ each of TDZ and GA₃ in conjunction with 0.5 mg L⁻¹ NAA and 20.0 g L⁻¹ sucrose. Mature embryonic axis-derived calli were found to be constantly better than mature cotyledon-derived calli for raising profitable and reproducible cell suspension cultures. Regenerants displayed normal growth and morphology and were founded successfully in the external environment after hardening. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Engineering or Tissue Culture Technology for Medicinal and Horticultural Plants)

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11 pages, 954 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

An Optimized Protocol for In Vitro Indirect Shoot Organogenesis of Impala Bronzovaya and Zanzibar Green Ricinus communis L. Varieties

by Oleg S. Alexandrov, Nicolay R. Petrov, Natalia V. Varlamova and Marat R. Khaliluev

Horticulturae 2021, 7(5), 105; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/horticulturae7050105 - 09 May 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2580

Abstract

The castor bean is an important industrial and ornamental crop. In the industry, it is used as a source of castor oil. Moreover, it has a large potential as a feed crop, because the seeds contain a high amount of protein. A main [...] Read more.

The castor bean is an important industrial and ornamental crop. In the industry, it is used as a source of castor oil. Moreover, it has a large potential as a feed crop, because the seeds contain a high amount of protein. A main problem with castor bean use is the presence of toxins in the plants. Today, detoxification is carried out using various approaches, including biotechnological methods such as CRISPR/Cas9 technology. A successful application of these methods requires the availability of an efficient in vitro protocol for callus induction and shoot organogenesis. We present the results of in vitro condition optimization for two castor bean varieties (Impala Bronzovaya and Zanzibar Green). Eight different Murashige–Skoog (MS) culture media characterized by different plant growth regulator (PGR) combinations, as well as explant types (hypocotyls, cotyledonous leaves, and cotyledon petioles), were tested. The highest frequency of shoot organogenesis and average number per explant were observed during the cultivation of cotyledon petioles in both varieties on the Murashige and Skoog culture medium (MS) containing 1 or 2 mg/L of zeatin in combination with 0.1 mg/L of 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA). An optimized protocol for in vitro callus induction and shoot organogenesis may be used for biotechnological applications to obtain toxin-free castor bean, as well as Ricinus communis L. plants, with new ornamental traits and their combinations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Engineering or Tissue Culture Technology for Medicinal and Horticultural Plants)

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Review

Jump to: Research

19 pages, 2528 KiB

Open AccessReview

Advances in Breeding, Bioprospecting, and In Vitro Culture of Laelia Orchid Species

by Alberto Mayo-Mosqueda, Eleazar García-Hernández, Eliana Noguera-Savelli, William Cetzal-Ix and Fulgencio Alatorre-Cobos

Horticulturae 2022, 8(2), 103; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/horticulturae8020103 - 25 Jan 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 6233

Abstract

Orchids (Orchidaceae) are plants that are highly appreciated by their beautiful flowers worldwide. Moreover, they represent a source of metabolites with applications in medicine and biotechnology. Within the Orchidaceae family, the Laelia genus is a group of orchid species from the Neotropics and [...] Read more.

Orchids (Orchidaceae) are plants that are highly appreciated by their beautiful flowers worldwide. Moreover, they represent a source of metabolites with applications in medicine and biotechnology. Within the Orchidaceae family, the Laelia genus is a group of orchid species from the Neotropics and is probably one of the most representative genera of America. Laelia orchids are cultivated by their splendid flowers and are widely used in orchid breeding. Here, we revise the use of the Laelia genus in orchid breeding and metabolite bioprospecting. We also analyze the use of plant tissue culture (PTC) as an alternative to conventional propagation and as a strategy for the recovery of those Laelia species threatened with extinction. We summarize and discuss the recent advances in the application of different PTC techniques for mass multiplication based on asymbiotic germination, organogenesis, protocorm-like bodies development, and somatic embryogenesis, and the advances of in vitro conservation by cryoconservation and the use of slow-growth promoting hormones. Finally, we suggest future directions and venues in research for Laelia species. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Engineering or Tissue Culture Technology for Medicinal and Horticultural Plants)

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