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Hydrology
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Urban Flood Mitigation and Stormwater Management
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Urban Flood Mitigation and Stormwater Management

A special issue of Hydrology (ISSN 2306-5338). This special issue belongs to the section "Surface Waters and Groundwaters".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (27 July 2022) | Viewed by 9738

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Daniele Ganora

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Ambiente, del Territorio e delle Infrastrutture, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
Interests: hydrological extremes; urban water cycle; unconventional water resources

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pluvial floods can lead to several safety, economic and sanitary impacts in urban environments. They can be caused by extreme events but also by relatively small but frequent rainstorms that make the problem chronic in many cities; this critical condition can even worsen under climate change, uncontrolled urban sprawl, or inadequate stormwater management.

To proper manage the flood hazard and to design adequate mitigation strategies, it is necessary to better understand the rain–urban system at different levels: the precipitation dynamics at high space–time resolution; the runoff generation processes on several different types of surfaces that create complex, often unpredictable, preferential flow paths; the drainage and disposal of stormwater, and its harmful impact on the quality of the receiving water bodies.

This Special Issue seeks contributions that face these issues by proposing innovative measurement techniques, including remote sensing, or novel physical or statistical modeling tools to represent the precipitation field or the runoff/drainage system. They can support, through methodological or data-driven applications, the design and testing of new mitigation actions, or demonstrate the reliability of existing measures to reduce damages and pollution.

This Special Issue welcomes original papers, review articles, case studies, and planning experiences that address one or more of the mentioned challenges, and that foster the reproducibility of best practices and knowledge transfer to other sites or at different scales.

Dr. Daniele Ganora
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Hydrology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Urban drainage system
  • Stormwater management
  • Pluvial flood
  • Urban runoff modeling
  • Flood mitigation strategies
  • Climate change adaptation
  • Urban water quality
  • Precipitation measurement
  • Impact assessment

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 6777 KiB  
Article
A Fast Data-Driven Tool for Flood Risk Assessment in Urban Areas
by Zafeiria Theodosopoulou, Ioannis M. Kourtis, Vasilis Bellos, Konstantinos Apostolopoulos, Chryssy Potsiou and Vassilios A. Tsihrintzis
Hydrology 2022, 9(8), 147; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/hydrology9080147 - 16 Aug 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2582
Abstract
Post-disaster flood risk assessment is extremely difficult owing to the great uncertainties involved in all parts of the assessment exercise, e.g., the uncertainty of hydrologic–hydraulic models and depth–damage curves. In the present study, a robust and fast data-driven tool for residential flood risk [...] Read more.
Post-disaster flood risk assessment is extremely difficult owing to the great uncertainties involved in all parts of the assessment exercise, e.g., the uncertainty of hydrologic–hydraulic models and depth–damage curves. In the present study, a robust and fast data-driven tool for residential flood risk assessment is introduced. The proposed tool can be used by scientists, practitioners and/or stakeholders as a first step for better understanding and quantifying flood risk in monetary terms. Another contribution of the present study is the fitting of an equation through depth–damage points provided by the Joint Research Center (JRC). The approach is based on hydrologic simulations for different return periods, employing a free and widely used software, HEC-HMS. Moreover, flood depths for the study area are estimated based on hydrodynamic simulations employing the HEC-RAS software and the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method. Finally, flood risk, in monetary terms, is determined based on the flood depths derived by the coupling of hydrodynamic simulations and the IDW method, depth–damage curves reported in the literature, vulnerability of residential areas and the residential exposure derived by employing GIS tools. The proposed tool is applied in a highly urbanized and flood-prone area, Mandra city, in the Attica region of Greece. The results are maps of flood depths and flood risk maps for specific return periods. Overall, the results derived from the application of the proposed approach reveal that the tool can be highly effective for post-disaster flood risk management. However, it must be noted that additional information and post-disaster data are needed for the verification of the damages from floods. Additional information can result in better calibration, validation and overall performance of the proposed flood risk assessment tool. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Flood Mitigation and Stormwater Management)
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15 pages, 2715 KiB  
Article
What Is the Contribution of Urban Trees to Mitigate Pluvial Flooding?
by Karina Sinaí Medina Camarena, Thea Wübbelmann and Kristian Förster
Hydrology 2022, 9(6), 108; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/hydrology9060108 - 16 Jun 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3089
Abstract
Hydrological modeling is commonly used in urban areas for drainage design and to estimate pluvial flood hazards in order to mitigate flood risks and damages. In general, modelers choose well-known and proven models, which are tailored to represent the runoff generation of impervious [...] Read more.
Hydrological modeling is commonly used in urban areas for drainage design and to estimate pluvial flood hazards in order to mitigate flood risks and damages. In general, modelers choose well-known and proven models, which are tailored to represent the runoff generation of impervious areas and surface runoff. However, interception and other vegetation-related processes are usually simplified or neglected in models to predict pluvial flooding in urban areas. In this study, we test and calibrate the hydrological model LEAFlood (Landscape and vEgetAtion-dependent Flood model), which is based on the open source ‘Catchment Modeling Framework’ (CMF), tailored to represent hydrological processes related to vegetation and includes a 2D simulation of pluvial flooding in urban areas using landscape elements. The application of LEAFlood was carried out in Vauban, a district in Freiburg (Germany) with an area of ∼31 hectares, where an extensive hydrological measurement network is available. Two events were used for calibration (max intensity 17 mm/h and 28 mm/h) and validation (max intensity 25 mm/h and 14 mm/h), respectively. Moreover, the ability of the model to represent interception, as well as the influence of urban trees on the runoff, was analyzed. The comparison of observed and modeled data shows that the model is well-suited to represent interception and runoff generation processes. The site-specific contribution of each single tree, approximately corresponding to retaining one cup of coffee per second (∼0.14 L/s), is viewed as a tangible value that can be easily communicated to stakeholders. For the entire study area, all trees decrease the peak discharge by 17 to 27% for this magnitude of rainfall intensities. The model has the advantage that single landscape elements can be selected and evaluated regarding their natural contribution of soil and vegetation to flood regulating ecosystem services. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Flood Mitigation and Stormwater Management)
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25 pages, 9245 KiB  
Article
A GIS-Cellular Automata-Based Model for Coupling Urban Sprawl and Flood Susceptibility Assessment
by Evangelia Stamellou, Kleomenis Kalogeropoulos, Nikolaos Stathopoulos, Demetrios E. Tsesmelis, Panagiota Louka, Vasileios Apostolidis and Andreas Tsatsaris
Hydrology 2021, 8(4), 159; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/hydrology8040159 - 18 Oct 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2877
Abstract
In Urban Planning (UP), it is necessary to take under serious consideration the inhibitors of the spread of a settlement in a specific direction. This means that all those parameters for which serious problems may arise in the future should be considered. Among [...] Read more.
In Urban Planning (UP), it is necessary to take under serious consideration the inhibitors of the spread of a settlement in a specific direction. This means that all those parameters for which serious problems may arise in the future should be considered. Among these parameters are geo-hazards, such as floods, landslides, mud movement, etc. This study deals with UP taking into account the possibility of widespread flooding in settlement expansion areas. There is a large flooding history in Greece, which is accompanied by a significant number of disasters in different types of land use/land cover, with a large financial cost of compensation and/or rehabilitation. The study area is the drainage basin of Erasinos River in the Attica Region, where many and frequent flood events have been recorded. The main goal of this study is to determine the flood susceptibility of the study area, taking into account possible factors that are decisive in flood occurrence. Furthermore, the flood susceptibility is also determined, taking into account the scenarios of precipitation and the urban sprawl scenario in the area of reference. The study of flood events uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model and the urban sprawl model SLEUTH, which calibrates historical urban growth, using open and cost-free data and software. Eventually, flood susceptibility maps were overlaid with future urban areas to find the vulnerable areas. Following, three scenarios of flood susceptibility with the corresponding susceptibility maps and vulnerability maps, which measure the flood susceptibility of the current and future urban space of the study area, are presented. The results have shown significant peaks in the moderate class of flood susceptibility, while, in the third scenario, high values of flood susceptibility seem to appear. The proposed methodology and specifically the output maps can serve as a decision support tool to assist urban planners and hazard managers in making informed decisions towards sustainable urban planning. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Flood Mitigation and Stormwater Management)
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