Aging

This section will cover all biological theories of aging in humans, beginning with theories of the genetic regulation of aging, including cellular theories and DNA repair mechanisms and antioxidants, as well as the effects of overweight and malnutrition. Welcome are studies on proteostasis, which is the importance of the structure of proteins for proper functioning of molecules, and how aging affects this. At the systems level, some theories of aging actually include effects that are caused by progressive damage to cells and body systems over time. In detail, during aging, many physiological systems spontaneously change independently of the presence of chronic diseases, particularly the peripheral and central nervous system.

The mechanisms which chronically influence cognitive and motoric frailty are, for example, particularly relevant due to the prevalence of frail older persons. All these changes may result in the occurrence of cognitive and motoric frailty and accelerated progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.

Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the mechanism of the onset of motoric-cognitive risk syndrome in older persons.

Moreover, biological mechanisms involving changes in the aging of many systems, such as muscles, the peripheral and central nervous system, bone, and cardiac and respiratory systems are welcome for explaining age-related diseases or age-associated diseases.