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Biological and Mechanical Behaviour of Advanced Biomaterials and Oral Implants
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Biological and Mechanical Behaviour of Advanced Biomaterials and Oral Implants

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Oral Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2021) | Viewed by 14843

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Adriano Piattelli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Dentistry, Saint Camillus International University for Health Sciences (Unicamillus), Rome, Italy
Interests: bone regeneration; histology; biotechnology; dental implants; tissue engineering; bone substitute materials; stem cells
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Margherita Tumedei

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
Interests: oral implantology; bone substitutes; biomechanical simulation; tissue engineering; bone substitute
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The latest updates in bone regeneration and oral implant procedures are creating a new generation of active biomaterials and dental implant devices for the treatment of edentulous bone ridges and long-term fixed oral rehabilitation. Novel strategies such as biomaterials in association with graphene, advanced 3D tissue-engineered substitutes, dental materials, titanium surface treatments, and innovative macro-morphologies have been developed to obtain a better implant primary stability and to increase the new bone formation and healthy and functional peri-implant tissues.

This Special Issue " Biomechanical Behaviour and Recent Advances in Biomaterials Osseointegration and Oral Implantology" will involve the recent updates in maxillofacial research, in vivo and in vitro studies, biomechanical simulation of artificial bone of innovative dental implant geometries, surface treatment, and bone bio-complexes applied to bone regeneration and implant-supported rehabilitations.

In particular, recent research topics, original research papers, in vivo and in vitro studies, and mechanical simulation reports on artificial bone will be considered this Issue.

Prof. Dr. Adriano Piattelli
Dr. Margherita Tumedei
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • histology
  • biotechnology
  • dental implants
  • bone substitutes
  • biomechanical simulation
  • tissue engineering
  • scaffold
  • bone substitutes
  • biomechanical simulation
  • tissue engineering
  • bone substitute

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 3250 KiB  
Article
Peri-Implantitis: Application of a Protocol for the Regeneration of Deep Osseous Defects. A Retrospective Case Series
by Simone Verardi and Nicola Alberto Valente
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(23), 12658; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182312658 - 01 Dec 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1898
Abstract
Background and aims: Peri-implantitis is a complex pathology, both in its diagnosis and in the identification of etiological causes. Although we have been studying more and more over the years to try to answer the many questions that remain regarding everything that circulates [...] Read more.
Background and aims: Peri-implantitis is a complex pathology, both in its diagnosis and in the identification of etiological causes. Although we have been studying more and more over the years to try to answer the many questions that remain regarding everything that circulates around this disease which affects implants, nothing has yet been taken as an official consensus regarding its surgical treatment. There are still many proposed protocols, each of which has been shown to have comforting results and promising prospects, but no total predictability. The aim of this case series is to assess the clinical outcomes of a mixed protocol for the regeneration of deep osseous defects. Materials and methods: The data and clinical records of 23 patients, with 29 implants affected by peri-implantitis treated surgically in private practice, were analyzed retrospectively. The method used for the surgical treatment was a mixed protocol of mechanical–chemical decontamination and bone regeneration with bovine xenograft. Results: All patients were followed for at least 2 years, averaging 28.9 months (a range of 24–38 months) with a reduction in the probing depth (PD) at one year from the initial 8.14 ± 1.156 mm to 3.72 ± 0.649 mm, and to 4.14 ± 1.093 mm at the final assessment. The differences between assessment time points were always statistically significant. The data regarding bleeding on probing (BoP) and suppuration also showed a statistically significant reduction at the final time point compared to the baseline. Only one patient, at 24 months, still showed BoP, suppuration, and a PD deeper than 5 mm, indicating a recurrence of the disease compared to the initial improvement of the PD (5 mm) at one year. Conclusions: In conclusion, within the limits of this retrospective analysis, it can be affirmed that this combined mechanical–chemical and regenerative decontamination therapy is effective in the treatment of peri-implantitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological and Mechanical Behaviour of Advanced Biomaterials and Oral Implants)
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12 pages, 15628 KiB  
Article
Effect of Opposite Tooth Condition on Marginal Bone Loss around Submerged Dental Implants: A Retrospective Study with a 3-Year Follow-Up
by Odontuya Dorj, Hsi-Kuei Lin, Eisner Salamanca, Yu-Hwa Pan, Yi-Fan Wu, Yung-Szu Hsu, Jerry C-Y Lin, Chin-Kai Lin and Wei-Jen Chang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(20), 10715; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182010715 - 13 Oct 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2387
Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of opposite tooth conditions on change in marginal bone level (MBL) around submerged dental implants. Materials and methods: The study included healthy patients with one or two implants. Structures opposite implants were [...] Read more.
Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of opposite tooth conditions on change in marginal bone level (MBL) around submerged dental implants. Materials and methods: The study included healthy patients with one or two implants. Structures opposite implants were either natural teeth (NT) or fixed restorations (FRs). MBLs were measured on digital periapical radiographs at the mesial and distal aspects of each implant. Results: Sixty implants were inserted by the 3-year follow-up. Mean MBLs for NT were 0.21 ± 0.33 mm before prosthetic loading and 0.30 ± 0.41 mm 3 years later (p = 0.001). Mean MBLs with FRs were 0.36 ± 0.45 mm before loading and 0.53 ± 0.50 mm 3 years later (p < 0.001). Changes in mean MBL from the 6-month follow-up to the 1- and 3-year follow-ups were statistically significant (p < 0.01) for implants opposite NT. However, changes in mean MBL from the 6-month follow-up to the 1-year (p = 0.161) and 3-year follow-ups (p = 1.000) were not significant for implants opposite FRs. Between baseline and the 3-year follow-up, MBL change was relatively small and did not differ regarding NT and FRs. Conclusion: Bone loss was greater if submerged dental implants were opposed by FRs. MBLs around submerged implants continued to change after 3 years if NT opposed implants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological and Mechanical Behaviour of Advanced Biomaterials and Oral Implants)
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14 pages, 35087 KiB  
Article
Long-Term Clinical Study of Implants Placed in Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation Using Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate
by Eugenio Velasco-Ortega, Angela Sierra-Baztan, Alvaro Jiménez-Guerra, Antonio España-López, Iván Ortiz-Garcia, Enrique Núñez-Márquez, Jesús Moreno-Muñoz, José Luis Rondón-Romero, José López-López and Loreto Monsalve-Guil
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(19), 9975; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18199975 - 22 Sep 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2254
Abstract
Introduction. The aim of this study was to show the long-term clinical outcomes of implants placed in maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MFSA) using beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). Patients and methods. Maxillary patients were diagnosed for MFSA and used beta- β-TCP. After the lateral sinus [...] Read more.
Introduction. The aim of this study was to show the long-term clinical outcomes of implants placed in maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MFSA) using beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). Patients and methods. Maxillary patients were diagnosed for MFSA and used beta- β-TCP. After the lateral sinus surgery, implants were loaded at 6 months with restorations. The clinical follow-up was at 10 years. Results. One hundred and one patients (58 females and 43 males) were treated with MFSA. Twenty-nine patients (28.7%) had a history of periodontitis. Thirty-three patients (32.7%) were smokers. One hundred and twenty-one MFSA, 81 unilateral and 20 bilateral sites, with 234 implants were performed. The average vertical bone height available was 4.92 ± 1.83 mm. The average vertical bone gain obtained was 6.95 ± 2.19 mm following MFSA. The implant cumulative survival rate was 97.2%. Three implants (1.3%) were lost during the healing period. Six implants (2.6%) were lost by peri-implantitis. One hundred and fifteen restorations were placed in the patients. Mean marginal bone loss was 1.93 mm ± 1.03 mm. Six patients (27.3%) showed technical complications. Thirty-six implants (15.3%) in 14 patients (13.9%) were associated with peri-implantitis. Conclusions. This study indicates that treatment with implant-supported restoration by MFSA using β-TCP constitutes a successful implant approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological and Mechanical Behaviour of Advanced Biomaterials and Oral Implants)
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10 pages, 2130 KiB  
Article
An In Vitro Analysis on Polyurethane Foam Blocks of the Insertion Torque (IT) Values, Removal Torque Values (RTVs), and Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) Values in Tapered and Cylindrical Implants
by Luca Comuzzi, Margherita Tumedei, Camillo D’Arcangelo, Adriano Piattelli and Giovanna Iezzi
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(17), 9238; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18179238 - 01 Sep 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2040
Abstract
Background: Several different dental implant microgeometries have been investigated in the literature for use in low-density bone sites. The polyurethane solid rigid blocks represent an optimal in vitro study model for dental implants, because their composition is characterized by symmetrical linear chains of [...] Read more.
Background: Several different dental implant microgeometries have been investigated in the literature for use in low-density bone sites. The polyurethane solid rigid blocks represent an optimal in vitro study model for dental implants, because their composition is characterized by symmetrical linear chains of monomers of hexa-methylene sequences producing a self-polymerization process. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the primary stability of cylindrical and tapered implants positioned into low-density polyurethane solid rigid blocks. Materials and Methods: Two different macrogeometries, cylindrical (4 mm diameter and 10 mm length) and tapered dental implants (4.20 mm diameter and 10 mm length), were investigated in the present study. The implants were inserted into 10 PCF and 20 PCF polyurethane blocks, with and without an additional cortical layer. The insertion torque (IT) values, the removal torque values (RTVs), and the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) values were measured and recorded. Results: A total of 80 sites were tested, and a significant increased primary stability (PS) was detected in favour of tapered dental implants when compared to cylindrical implants in all experimental conditions (p < 0.05). Higher IT, RT, and RFA values were measured in tapered implants in 10 and 20 PCF polyurethane blocks, both with and without the additional cortical layer. Conclusions: Both implants showed sufficient primary stability in poor density substrates, while, on the other hand, the tapered microgeometry showed characteristics that could also lead to clinical application in low-density posterior maxillary sites, even with a drastically decreased bone cortical component. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological and Mechanical Behaviour of Advanced Biomaterials and Oral Implants)
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15 pages, 1347 KiB  
Article
Short Dental Implants (≤8.5 mm) versus Standard Dental Implants (≥10 mm): A One-Year Post-Loading Prospective Observational Study
by Guillermo Pardo-Zamora, Antonio José Ortiz-Ruíz, Fabio Camacho-Alonso, José Francisco Martínez-Marco, Juan Manuel Molina-González, Núria Piqué-Clusella and Ascensión Vicente-Hernández
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(11), 5683; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18115683 - 26 May 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3124
Abstract
Background: Recent data have shown that short dental implants can be the preferred treatment in most of cases of posterior atrophic alveolar ridges, offering higher survival and lower complication rates than long implants. The survival rates, stability, and marginal bone level changes were [...] Read more.
Background: Recent data have shown that short dental implants can be the preferred treatment in most of cases of posterior atrophic alveolar ridges, offering higher survival and lower complication rates than long implants. The survival rates, stability, and marginal bone level changes were compared between short implants (7 and 8.5 mm) and standard-length implants (≥10 mm). Methods: Prospective observational study in which adult patients requiring ≥1 osseointegrated implants to replace missing teeth were recruited consecutively. A clinical examination was performed on the day the definitive prosthesis was placed and after 6 and 12 months. Implant stability quotient (ISQ), marginal bone level (MBL) changes, and the correlation between these parameters and the characteristics of the implants were evaluated. Results: A total of 99 implants were inserted (47 short, 52 standard) in 74 patients. The 12-month survival rate was 100%. ISQ values showed a similar pattern for both types of implants. No correlation was found between ISQ changes after one year and MBL values, nor between the latter and the characteristics of the implants. Conclusions: With clinical treatment criteria, shorter implants (7 and 8.5 mm in length) can be just as useful as standard-length implants in atrophic alveolar ridges, demonstrating similar rates of survival, stability, and crestal bone loss. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological and Mechanical Behaviour of Advanced Biomaterials and Oral Implants)
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15 pages, 4826 KiB  
Article
Histomorphometric Comparison between Two Types of Acellular Dermal Matrix Grafts: A Mini Pig Animal Model Study
by Javier Aragoneses, Ana Suárez, Cinthia Rodríguez and Juan Manuel Aragoneses
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(8), 3881; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18083881 - 07 Apr 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2030
Abstract
Acellular dermal matrix grafts (ADMG) have been used as soft tissue graft substitutes for autografts in periodontal plastic surgical procedures. They have benefits like avoiding a second surgical site and patient morbidity that have been associated with autografts, but there is limited evidence [...] Read more.
Acellular dermal matrix grafts (ADMG) have been used as soft tissue graft substitutes for autografts in periodontal plastic surgical procedures. They have benefits like avoiding a second surgical site and patient morbidity that have been associated with autografts, but there is limited evidence available on their tissue response and wound healing process. This histomorphometric animal model study was carried out in mini pigs and it aimed to compare the two types of ADMG materials of porcine derivative with a control group through observation of parameters like epithelial and Keratinized layer thickness, angiogenesis, cellularity, matrix resorption, and inflammatory infiltrate. The surgical technique involved punctures on the edentulous areas stripping the epithelial tissue and exposing the underlying connective tissue, placement of the ADMGs in the appropriate control and test sites. Following this, gingival biopsies were procured at three different time intervals of 15, 45, and 90 days. There were significant differences in epithelial and Keratinized layer thickness among the three groups. This study concluded that there was no clear consensus on which graft material was superior but it gave an insight into the tissue response and wound healing process associated with the graft materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological and Mechanical Behaviour of Advanced Biomaterials and Oral Implants)
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