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Behavior Change in Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases
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Behavior Change in Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Behavior, Chronic Disease and Health Promotion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2022) | Viewed by 53787

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Sara Rubinelli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Frohburgstrasse 3, 6002 Lucerne, Switzerland
2. Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Strasse 4, 6207 Nottwil, Switzerland
Interests: health communication; social marketing; health campaign; health literacy; self-management; behavior change; disinformation, persuasion and manipulation
Dr. Nicola Diviani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Swiss Paraplegic Research, University of Lucerne, 6207 Nottwil, Switzerland
Interests: health communication; health behavior; health literacy; self-management
Dr. Claudia Zanini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Frohburgstrasse 3, 6002 Lucerne, Switzerland
2. Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Strasse 4, 6207 Nottwil, Switzerland
Interests: health communication; self-management; health behavior; qualitative research

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the last century, the life expectancy throughout the world has almost doubled. The reasons for this are diverse, but can mainly be traced back to advances in medical technology. Several deadly diseases have been completely eradicated, and several others have transformed from deadly to chronic. This phenomenon is known as the “epidemiological transition” of the 20th century. A longer life expectancy, however, is not the only distinctive phenomenon of the current healthcare landscape; the decrease in mortality, combined with other demographic changes, such as a decrease in natality rates, has created an aging population. In turn, this longer life expectancy and thus aging population mean a higher prevalence of chronic conditions.

Several policy actions are currently being implemented to reduce the health and economic burden of chronic disease, such as epidemiology and surveillance (e.g., collecting data to understand who is most at risk), environmental approaches (e.g., introducing regulations and bans), and system-level interventions (e.g., improving access to health care for populations with little or no access). At an individual level, two main strategies can be put into place—health promotion and (self-) care. Health promotion programs have been shown to hold great potential for limiting the incidence of chronic conditions, especially those related to lifestyle factors. In many cases however, prevention is not possible, and health promotion does not in any way address those already living with one or more chronic conditions. This is where the importance of (self-) care comes into play.

Individual health behaviors play a central role in both health promotion and (self-) care, and it is therefore crucial to find ways to design effective behavior change interventions. For this Special Issue, we invite qualitative, quantitative, and review papers addressing behavior change in health promotion, as well as (self-) care behaviors, in the context of chronic conditions. Studies addressing determinants of behavior change in a socio-ecological perspective (at an individual, interpersonal, and societal level) and combining a high academic standard, coupled with concrete implications for the improvement of public health and clinical practice, will be prioritzed.

Prof. Dr. Sara Rubinelli
Dr. Nicola Diviani
Dr. Claudia Zanini
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • health behavior
  • chronic disease
  • self-care
  • self-management
  • socio-ecological model
  • health promotion
  • disease prevention
  • public health

Published Papers (19 papers)

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11 pages, 5563 KiB  
Article
Knowledge of and Testing Rate for Hepatitis C Infection among the General Public of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Mohammad S. Alzahrani, Abdullah Ayn Aldeen, Rayan S. Almalki, Mohammed B. Algethami, Nawaf F. Altowairqi, Ammar Alzahrani, Ahmed S. Almalki, Rami M. Alzhrani and Majed A. Algarni
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 2080; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph20032080 - 23 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2436
Abstract
Introduction: The Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia has announced a plan to eradicate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This study sought to evaluate the knowledge levels and testing rate among the general population of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted [...] Read more.
Introduction: The Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia has announced a plan to eradicate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This study sought to evaluate the knowledge levels and testing rate among the general population of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data collected from an online, self-administered survey. Multivariable analysis was conducted using multiple binary logistic regression models to identify factors associated with low knowledge levels as well as predictors of HCV testing. Results: A total of 689 participants completed the survey. While most participants (88%) have heard of HCV infection, less than half (47.3%) understood that HCV is curable with medications. More than half of the participants (53.7%) have low knowledge about HCV infection. Testing for HCV was reported by 123 respondents (17.8%), and the odds of testing for HCV were significantly lower among residents of the Makkah region (OR = 0.59 [95% CI: 0.36–0.97]) and those with low knowledge level (OR = 0.47 [95% CI: 0.29–0.74]). HCV diagnosis was reported by nine respondents (1.3%), of whom only four reported receiving treatment (44%). Conclusions: Our study indicates inadequate knowledge levels and relatively low testing rate. These findings underscore the need for national awareness campaigns and more effective strategies for HCV screening. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavior Change in Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases)
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11 pages, 715 KiB  
Article
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Telephone-Based Smoking Cessation Intervention for Qatari Residents
by Vasiliki Leventakou, Mohammed Al Thani, Angeliki Sofroniou, Hamza I. Butt, Safa M. Eltayeb, Iman A. Hakim, Cynthia Thomson and Uma S. Nair
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(24), 16509; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192416509 - 08 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1372
Abstract
The steady increase in smoking rates has led to a call for wide-reaching and scalable interventions for smoking cessation in Qatar. This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of an evidence-based smoking cessation program delivered by telephone for Qatari residents. A total of [...] Read more.
The steady increase in smoking rates has led to a call for wide-reaching and scalable interventions for smoking cessation in Qatar. This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of an evidence-based smoking cessation program delivered by telephone for Qatari residents. A total of 248 participants were recruited through primary care centers and received five weekly scheduled proactive behavioral counseling calls from personnel trained in tobacco cessation and navigation to obtain cessation pharmacotherapy from clinics. Outcomes were assessed at end of treatment (EOT), and 1- and-3-month follow up. The Mann–Whitney test was used to compare the average number of participants recruited per month pre- and post-COVID. We recruited 16 participants/month, the majority (85.5%) attended at least one counselling session, and 95.4% used some of pharmacotherapy. Retention rates were 70% at EOT, 64.4% and 71.7% at 1- and 3-month follow up, respectively; 86% reported being ‘extremely satisfied’ by the program. Our ITT 7-day point prevalence abstinence was 41.6% at EOT, 38.4% and 39.3% at 1-and 3-month, respectively. The average number of participants recruited per month was significantly higher for pre vs. post-COVID (18.9 vs. 10.0, p-value = 0.02). Average number of participants retained at EOT per recruitment month showed a slight decrease from 8.6 pre- to 8.2 post-COVID; average number who quit smoking at EOT per recruitment month also showed a decrease from 6 to 4.6. The study results indicated that our telephone-based intervention is feasible and acceptable in this population and presents a new treatment model which can be easily disseminated to a broad population of Qatari smokers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavior Change in Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases)
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10 pages, 438 KiB  
Article
Translating Health Coaching Training into Clinical Practice
by Anna McGlynn, Cathy O’Callaghan, Brendon McDougall, Julie Osborne and Ben Harris-Roxas
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 16075; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192316075 - 01 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1272
Abstract
Health coaching can benefit people with managing chronic conditions. It considers people’s motivations, is person-centred and has the capacity to promote healthy lifestyles and address chronic disease risk factors. However, how health coaching training is translated into routine clinical practice at unit and [...] Read more.
Health coaching can benefit people with managing chronic conditions. It considers people’s motivations, is person-centred and has the capacity to promote healthy lifestyles and address chronic disease risk factors. However, how health coaching training is translated into routine clinical practice at unit and service levels has been under explored. A metropolitan local health district in Sydney, Australia provided coaching training to health professionals, but the extent to which coaching skills were translated into clinical practice was unknown. A redesign methodology was used to identify barriers and facilitators for training-to-practice translation. Survey and workshop findings indicated that participants were satisfied with the coaching training but found it challenging to apply in clinical practice. Identified opportunities to support the application of health coaching were tailored practical training, post training support, and consensus on the definition of health coaching. Solutions were to develop an internal practical training program, use consistent terminology, and embed organisational support. Adoption of health coaching needs to occur on three levels; individual, workplace and organisation to ensure effective health care delivery. This case study demonstrates the importance of evaluation and diagnostics of contextual barriers and enablers to inform translation into practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavior Change in Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases)
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16 pages, 1181 KiB  
Article
Factors Associated with Undertaking Health-Promoting Activities by Older Women at High Risk of Metabolic Syndrome
by Jagoda Rusowicz, Anna Serweta, Karolina Juszko, Wojciech Idzikowski, Robert Gajda and Joanna Szczepańska-Gieracha
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 15957; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192315957 - 30 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1319
Abstract
Background: The complexity of health problems concerning women aged ≥60 years makes it necessary to develop effective, low-cost strategies involving biopsychosocial interventions. The aim of this study is to identify the factors associated with undertaking health-promoting activities by older women at high risk [...] Read more.
Background: The complexity of health problems concerning women aged ≥60 years makes it necessary to develop effective, low-cost strategies involving biopsychosocial interventions. The aim of this study is to identify the factors associated with undertaking health-promoting activities by older women at high risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with or without depressive symptoms. Methods: The study group consisted of 70 older women (62–84 years old) undertaking regular physical activity. A self-developed questionnaire (used to determine the living situation, selected lifestyle components and health problems), the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were used. Results: In the study group undertaking regular physical activity, 40% had increased symptoms of depression (D group), and 60% were classified as non-depressed (ND group). The D group had a higher general stress level (t = −6.18, p = 0.001). Improving and/or maintaining physical fitness was identified as the greatest motivation in both groups. Willingness to spend time with other people significantly differed between the two groups (χ2 = 4.148, p = 0.042). The sole factor significantly differentiating between both groups was lack of time (χ2 = 8.777, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Motivations and barriers to undertaking health-promoting activities and levels of perceived stress were significantly different between the depressed and non-depressed groups. It is important to encourage primary care physicians to perform screening tests for late-life depression and to provide information on where therapeutic interventions are available for patients with symptoms of MetS and coexisting depressive symptoms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavior Change in Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases)
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13 pages, 854 KiB  
Article
Status of Workers’ Health Behavior and the Association between Occupational Characteristics and Health Behavior
by Seung-Yeon Lee, Saemi Jung and Wanhyung Lee
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(20), 13021; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192013021 - 11 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1465
Abstract
This study investigated differences in unhealthy lifestyle behaviors (ULBs) between workers and nonworkers and demonstrated the association of ULBs with occupational characteristics among workers. This cross-sectional study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2019. For [...] Read more.
This study investigated differences in unhealthy lifestyle behaviors (ULBs) between workers and nonworkers and demonstrated the association of ULBs with occupational characteristics among workers. This cross-sectional study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2019. For sociodemographic data, chi-squared tests were used to analyze categorical variables. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ULBs were estimated using Poisson regression models after adjusting for age, sex, educational level, and household income. The variables used were current smoking status, heavy drinking, and physical inactivity. Workers were associated with an increased risk of current smoking (adjusted OR (aOR) = 1.48, 95%CI = 1.41–1.56), heavy drinking (aOR = 1.79, 95%CI = 1.68–1.90), and physical inactivity (aOR = 1.07, 95%CI = 1.04–1.11) compared with nonworkers. Among workers, the differential risks of ULB according to occupational characteristics were as follows: skilled manual workers, self-employed workers, and workers working >40 h/week were at a higher risk of engaging in all ULBs than those in other occupational categories, paid workers, and workers working ≤40 h/week, respectively. Workers showed a higher risk of ULBs than nonworkers. The risk of ULBs differed according to occupational characteristics, highlighting the need for additional studies and detailed occupational health management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavior Change in Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases)
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15 pages, 1760 KiB  
Article
Needs to Create Healthy Living Environments—A Two-Stage Delphi Survey in Europe to Identify Facilitating Factors and Barriers in Municipal Health Promotion
by Eike Quilling, Maja Kuchler, Patricia Tollmann, Anke Osterhoff and Janna Leimann
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(9), 5084; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19095084 - 21 Apr 2022
Viewed by 1532
Abstract
(1) In the field of health promotion, municipalities offer opportunities to reduce SES-based health inequalities by addressing vulnerable communities. This research project aims to identify facilitating and inhibiting factors for the creation of healthy living environments. (2) After preliminary literature and qualitative research [...] Read more.
(1) In the field of health promotion, municipalities offer opportunities to reduce SES-based health inequalities by addressing vulnerable communities. This research project aims to identify facilitating and inhibiting factors for the creation of healthy living environments. (2) After preliminary literature and qualitative research work, an online-based Delphi survey was conducted (December 2020–March 2021). This included the rating and commentating of 22 theses at two times, whereby the results of the first round of rating were visible to the participants the second time. (3) Twelve experts from seven European countries participated in the Delphi survey across both rounds (1st round: n = 37; 12 countries). The consensus was particularly clear with regard to providing resources, which, in turn, are especially necessary for involving target groups in health promotion. (4) The results illustrate the relevance of further cross-national exchange. Certain aspects however, such as the HiAP approach or strategies to reach disadvantaged groups, are still challenging in practice. In order to develop concrete recommendations, the theses need to be further operationalised. The Delphi method offers a suitable possibility to map international expertise in this field and with a focus on health equity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavior Change in Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases)
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15 pages, 333 KiB  
Article
Knowledge and Perception of and Attitude toward a Premarital Screening Program in Qatar: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Mashael Al-Shafai, Aisha Al-Romaihi, Noora Al-Hajri, Nazmul Islam and Karam Adawi
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(7), 4418; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19074418 - 06 Apr 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5138
Abstract
Premarital screening (PMS) is a primary preventive measure to decrease the incidence of certain genetic disorders and sexually transmitted diseases. This study aimed to explore the knowledge and perception of and the attitude toward PMS and predictors of knowledge and attitude. A cross-sectional [...] Read more.
Premarital screening (PMS) is a primary preventive measure to decrease the incidence of certain genetic disorders and sexually transmitted diseases. This study aimed to explore the knowledge and perception of and the attitude toward PMS and predictors of knowledge and attitude. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Qatar University students using an online survey. Multivariable regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with PMS knowledge and attitude. A total of 476 students participated in the study; 424 (89.1%) were females; two-thirds were 18–21 years old. Only 100 participants had heard about PMS. Knowledge of PMS was significantly associated with females, students enrolled in a health-related college, and non-consanguineous marriage of a participant’s parents. The majority of the participants agreed that genetic diseases are psychological and economic burdens. For attitude, only 178 participants were willing to cancel marriages, given incompatible PMS results. The following factors were positively associated with attitude: PMS knowledge, enrollment in a health-related college, and the belief that PMS does not interfere with destiny. Our study findings revealed that despite the mandatory PMS in Qatar, the study participants, future couples, had low knowledge about the program. Therefore, strategies to increase awareness of PMS should be considered toward improving its outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavior Change in Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases)
15 pages, 340 KiB  
Article
Assessing Smoke-Free Housing Implementation Approaches to Inform Best Practices: A National Survey of Early-Adopting Public Housing Authorities
by Ellen Childs, Alan C. Geller, Daniel R. Brooks, Jessica Davine, John Kane, Robyn Keske, Jodi Anthony and Vaughan W. Rees
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(7), 3854; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19073854 - 24 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1891
Abstract
Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure causes chronic illness and occurs at a higher prevalence in low-income communities than the general public. In 2018, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) instituted a smoke-free housing rule for Public Housing Authorities (PHAs) to address [...] Read more.
Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure causes chronic illness and occurs at a higher prevalence in low-income communities than the general public. In 2018, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) instituted a smoke-free housing rule for Public Housing Authorities (PHAs) to address persistent health inequities. However, the success of smoke-free housing requires evidence to inform effective implementation approaches. A mixed-methods, cross-sectional survey was conducted in a national sample of PHAs. Questions focused on housing officials’ use of specific implementation strategies. Adjusted odds ratios were used to assess associations between implementation approaches and variations among PHAs (i.e., region, size, or recency of policy adoption). Qualitative analyses were conducted to assess the perceived effectiveness of implementation strategies. Resident engagement, staff training, and smoking cessation support were the most frequently used implementation strategies. Engagement with local stakeholders was cited less frequently. Enforcement actions were limited with no violations referred to housing court. Support for policy adherence was identified as a sixth implementation strategy. While most PHAs used at least some evidence-informed implementation strategies, a lack of a systematic approach may limit overall effectiveness. Further research is required to resolve implementation barriers experienced disproportionately by a subset of PHAs, and to inform a best practice implementation framework that meets the needs of a heterogeneous population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavior Change in Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases)
17 pages, 1024 KiB  
Article
Relationship of Self Efficacy in Medication Understanding with Quality of Life among Elderly with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Polypharmacy in Malaysia
by Nur Athirah Rosli, Md Yasin Mazapuspavina, Zaliha Ismail and Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(5), 3031; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19053031 - 04 Mar 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2635
Abstract
Self-efficacy (SE) has been shown to be positively correlated with quality of life (QOL) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Medication understanding (MU) on the other hand, leads to good adherence that indirectly improves QOL. Measuring self-efficacy in medication understanding is [...] Read more.
Self-efficacy (SE) has been shown to be positively correlated with quality of life (QOL) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Medication understanding (MU) on the other hand, leads to good adherence that indirectly improves QOL. Measuring self-efficacy in medication understanding is useful to ascertain patient’s confidence in medication adherence. However, there is a lack of studies on the relationship between self-efficacy in medication understanding with QOL. This study aimed to determine the relationship between self-efficacy in medication understanding and QOL, and the factors associated with QOL in elderly with T2DM on polypharmacy. A cross-sectional study was conducted on these populations at primary care specialist clinic. Malay version of MU in SE questionnaire (MUSE) was used. Higher scores showed a better understanding. A revised Version Diabetic Quality of Life-13 (RVDQOL-13) questionnaire was used with lower scores indicating higher QOL. A total of 321 patients participated, with the majority being male (58.3%), Malay (84.7%), a predominant age group of 60–69 (75.7%) with mean age (±SD) of 66.7 (±0.286) years old. The median (IQR) of MUSE was high—30 (4)—while the RVDQOL-13 was low—19 (8)—which demonstrated high QOL. Inverse correlation was found between MUSE and QOL (r −0.14, p < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that MUSE score (β −0.282; 95% CI: (−5.438, −2.581); p < 0.001), low-income group (β −0.144; 95% CI: (−3.118, −0.534); p = 0.006) and duration of medications ≥240 days (β −0.282; 95% CI: (−5.438, −2.581); p < 0.001) were associated with better QOL, while medications ≥10 (β 0.109; 95% CI: 0.214, 4.462; p = 0.031) and those with pills and insulin (β 0.193; 95% CI: 1.206, 3.747; p < 0.001) were associated with poor QOL. In conclusion, higher MUSE is associated with better QOL. Findings suggest emphasizing self-efficacy in medication understanding in the management of elderly with T2DM on polypharmacy to improve QOL. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavior Change in Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases)
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14 pages, 360 KiB  
Article
Knowledge of COVID-19 and Its Relationship with Preventive Behaviors and Vaccination among Adults in Northern Thailand’s Community
by Tharadon Pothisa, Parichat Ong-Artborirak, Katekaew Seangpraw, Prakasit Tonchoy, Supakan Kantow, Nisarat Auttama, Sorawit Boonyathee, Monchanok Choowanthanapakorn, Sasivimol Bootsikeaw, Pitakpong Panta and Dech Dokpuang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1521; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19031521 - 28 Jan 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2846
Abstract
(1) Background: the 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak (COVID-19) has posed a major threat to public health and had a significant impact on all areas of people’s lives. Vaccines against COVID-19 have been developed to control the disease, and an array of personal hygiene [...] Read more.
(1) Background: the 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak (COVID-19) has posed a major threat to public health and had a significant impact on all areas of people’s lives. Vaccines against COVID-19 have been developed to control the disease, and an array of personal hygiene measures has been introduced. As a result, information that will support and promote vaccination among populations as well as other health measures against COVID-19 are urgently needed. The goal of this research was to look into the knowledge about COVID-19 and how it relates to preventive behaviors and vaccination among people living in rural areas of northern Thailand. (2) Methods: a cross-sectional study was performed in four upper northern provinces of Thailand. A total of 1524 participants were recruited using the probability sampling technique. Questionnaires were distributed to collect data on general health information, as well as knowledge and preventive behaviors regarding COVID-19. (3) Results: more than half (55.9%) of the participants were female and had not received the COVID-19 vaccine (67.2%). Their mean age was 44.13 years. The majority had moderate COVID-19 knowledge and engaged in preventive behaviors (65.5% and 42.0%, respectively). A linear regression model showed that the COVID-19 knowledge score was related to the COVID-19 preventive behaviors score, with a standardized coefficient of 0.510, after adjusting for age, underlying disease, and body mass index (B = 2.64; 95%CI = 2.42, 2.87). Binary logistic regression revealed that after controlling for age, education, occupation, financial status, and current disease (AOR = 1.87; 95%CI = 1.64–2.13), the score of COVID-19 knowledge was significantly associated with having the COVID-19 vaccine. (4) Discussion: knowledge of COVID-19 is very important for people in rural regions to engage in COVID-19 prevention behaviors and vaccination. Relevant government agencies and health network partners should support proactive education campaigns emphasizing the risk of contracting the disease and its severity in order to promote vaccination against COVID-19 among unvaccinated groups. These campaigns can highlight COVID-19’s positive benefit-risk balance in the short and long term and ensure public safety measures against COVID-19. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavior Change in Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases)
15 pages, 598 KiB  
Article
Understanding the Relationship between Depression and Chronic Diseases Such as Diabetes and Hypertension: A Grounded Theory Study
by Pablo Alberto Herrera, Solange Campos-Romero, Wilsa Szabo, Pablo Martínez, Viviana Guajardo and Graciela Rojas
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(22), 12130; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182212130 - 19 Nov 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 5052
Abstract
There is a bi-directional relationship between depression and chronic illnesses such as diabetes and hypertension. This comorbidity is associated with higher mortality risk and diminishes the efficacy of interventions. The specific mechanisms of this mutual influence are still not fully understood, and most [...] Read more.
There is a bi-directional relationship between depression and chronic illnesses such as diabetes and hypertension. This comorbidity is associated with higher mortality risk and diminishes the efficacy of interventions. The specific mechanisms of this mutual influence are still not fully understood, and most intervention protocols address these conditions separately. This study aims to improve our understanding of this relationship. We interviewed 18 patients and 24 health care professionals, focusing on understanding the different ways in which depression and chronic illness could influence each other. Our results show a common cyclical pattern and specific situations where the reported bi-directional relationship does not occur. We discuss the importance of opening a space for the patient’s grief process after the chronic illness diagnosis, managing the demands and stress of the patient’s treatment, and how to adjust the treatment to the different needs and possibilities of each person. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavior Change in Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases)
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15 pages, 1701 KiB  
Article
Knowledge, Beliefs, and Perceptions of TB and Its Treatment amongst TB Patients in the Limpopo Province, South Africa
by Hulisani Matakanye, Takalani Grace Tshitangano, Jabu Tsakani Mabunda and Thelmah Xavela Maluleke
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(19), 10404; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph181910404 - 02 Oct 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3182
Abstract
Despite the implementation of global plans to end tuberculosis (TB), this disease remains a major cause of ill-health and is the second leading cause of death. In 2019, globally, an estimated 10.0 million people fell ill and about 1.4 million died of TB. [...] Read more.
Despite the implementation of global plans to end tuberculosis (TB), this disease remains a major cause of ill-health and is the second leading cause of death. In 2019, globally, an estimated 10.0 million people fell ill and about 1.4 million died of TB. During the same year, South Africa was among the eight countries with the highest tuberculosis burden, contributing to two-thirds of the world’s total. Due to the high burden of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, TB in South Africa is a major public health problem. Limpopo is amongst the provinces that are hardest hit by TB and HIV in South Africa. Therefore, using a quantitative descriptive design, this study assessed the knowledge, beliefs, and perceptions of TB and TB treatment amongst TB patients in the Limpopo Province. A systematic random sampling method was used to sample 207 TB patients who agreed in writing to be part of the study. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, however, about 3.9% of participants who could not read were assisted by the main researcher and health professional. About 33% of the participants with primary education were also assisted to clarify any questions that were not clear to them. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences® version 26.0. Validity and reliability of the instrument was ensured, and ethical considerations were observed in this study. The research findings revealed that about 93.25% respondents only came to know they had TB after diagnosis. About 75% indicated that they had visited faith healers and only 2% acknowledged that they had visited traditional healers after diagnosis. A total of 76% of the respondents stated that they strongly believed in their culture and religion. These findings highlight the need for health education efforts to strengthen accurate information to improve TB knowledge and correct misconceptions about TB among patients within the community. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavior Change in Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases)
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11 pages, 539 KiB  
Article
Behavioral Factors Associated with Medication Nonadherence in Patients with Hypertension
by Shu-Mei Chang, I-Cheng Lu, Yi-Chun Chen, Chin-Feng Hsuan, Yin-Jin Lin and Hung-Yi Chuang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(18), 9614; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18189614 - 12 Sep 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2860
Abstract
Medication nonadherence is associated with an increased risk of complications in hypertensive patients. We investigated behavioral factors associated with medication nonadherence in hypertensive patients in southern Taiwan. Using questionnaires, we collected data regarding clinicodemographic characteristics and nonadherence behaviors from 238 hypertensive patients. We [...] Read more.
Medication nonadherence is associated with an increased risk of complications in hypertensive patients. We investigated behavioral factors associated with medication nonadherence in hypertensive patients in southern Taiwan. Using questionnaires, we collected data regarding clinicodemographic characteristics and nonadherence behaviors from 238 hypertensive patients. We assessed the self-reported prevalence of specific behaviors of medication nonadherence and investigated factors associated with each behavior using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The most common behavior of medication nonadherence was forgetting to take medication (28.6%), followed by discontinuing medication (9.2%) and reducing the medication dose (8.8%). Age ≥ 65 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.15–0.69) and male sex (aOR = 2.61, CI = 1.31–5.19) were associated with forgetting to take medication. The presence of comorbidities (diabetes, kidney disease, or both) and insomnia (aOR = 3.97, 95% CI = 1.30–12.1) was associated with reducing the medication dose. The use of diet supplements was associated with discontinuing the medication (aOR = 4.82, 95% CI = 1.50–15.5). Compliance with a low oil/sugar/sodium diet was a protective factor against discontinuing medication (aOR = 0.14; 95% CI = 0.03–0.75). The most pervasive behavior associated with medication nonadherence among hypertensive patients was forgetting to take medication. Age <65 years, male sex, comorbidities, insomnia, noncompliance with diet, and the use of dietary supplements were specifically associated with medication nonadherence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavior Change in Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases)
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23 pages, 2003 KiB  
Article
A Cluster-Randomised Crossover Pilot Feasibility Study of a Multicomponent Intervention to Reduce Occupational Sedentary Behaviour in Professional Male Employees
by Gail Helena Nicolson, Catherine B. Hayes and Catherine D. Darker
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(17), 9292; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18179292 - 02 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3446
Abstract
Professional male office employees have been identified as those most at risk of prolonged sedentary time, which is associated with many long-term adverse health conditions. The aim of the study was to assess the acceptability and feasibility of a gender-sensitive multicomponent intervention, guided [...] Read more.
Professional male office employees have been identified as those most at risk of prolonged sedentary time, which is associated with many long-term adverse health conditions. The aim of the study was to assess the acceptability and feasibility of a gender-sensitive multicomponent intervention, guided by the socio-ecological model, to reduce occupational sedentary behaviour by increasing physical activity in professional men. The main elements of the intervention comprised: a Garmin watch with associated web-based platform/smartphone application, an under-desk pedal machine, and management participation and support. A cluster-randomised crossover pilot feasibility trial recruiting professional males was conducted in two workplaces. Mixed methods were used to assess the primary outcomes of recruitment, retention, and acceptability and feasibility of the intervention. Secondary outcomes included objectively measured sedentary behaviour, standing and physical activity. Focus groups were used to explore the acceptability of the intervention in a real-world setting. Twenty-two participants were recruited (mean age 42.9 years (SD 11.0)). Recruitment and retention rates were 73.3% and 95%, respectively. Overall, participants found the intervention acceptable and feasible, and expressed enjoyment of the intervention, however desk set-up issues with the pedal devices were noted. The manual recording of the pedalling bouts was overly burdensome. Preliminary data indicate that the intervention may reduce occupational sedentary behaviour and increase physical activity. This intervention should be further tested in a definitive trial following consideration of the findings of this pilot feasibility trial. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavior Change in Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases)
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13 pages, 1036 KiB  
Article
Community-Level Participation in Volunteer Groups and Individual Depressive Symptoms in Japanese Older People: A Three-Year Longitudinal Multilevel Analysis Using JAGES Data
by Motoki Tamura, Shinji Hattori, Taishi Tsuji, Katsunori Kondo, Masamichi Hanazato, Kanami Tsuno and Hiroyuki Sakamaki
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(14), 7502; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18147502 - 14 Jul 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3090
Abstract
Background: The current study aimed to investigate the contextual effect of volunteer group participation on subsequent depressive symptoms in older people. Methods: We analyzed the longitudinal data of 37,552 people aged 65 years and older in 24 municipalities surveyed in the Japan Gerontological [...] Read more.
Background: The current study aimed to investigate the contextual effect of volunteer group participation on subsequent depressive symptoms in older people. Methods: We analyzed the longitudinal data of 37,552 people aged 65 years and older in 24 municipalities surveyed in the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Volunteer group participation of older people was assessed in 2013 by one question and depressive symptoms were assessed by the Geriatric Depression Scale 15 in 2016. To investigate a contextual effect, we aggregated individual-level volunteer group participation by each residence area as a community-level independent variable. We conducted a two-level multilevel Poisson regression analysis using the Random Intercepts and Fixed Slopes Model. Results: The average proportion of community-level volunteer group participation was 10.6%. The results of the Poisson regression analysis showed that community-level volunteer group participation reduced the risk for the onset of depressive symptoms by 13% with a 10 percentage point increase in participation, after adjusting for sex, age, population density, total annual sunshine hours and annual rainfall (incident rate ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.78–0.98). Conclusions: Older people living in areas with higher volunteer group participation had a lower risk of developing depressive symptoms regardless of whether or not they participated in a volunteer group. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavior Change in Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases)
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12 pages, 700 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Empowerment Education on Daily Dairy Intake in Community-Dwelling of Older Asian Women
by Pei-Ti Hsu, Jeu-Jung Chen and Ya-Fang Ho
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(9), 4659; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18094659 - 27 Apr 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1898
Abstract
A scarcity in the intake of dairy products in older women begets a wide range of musculoskeletal problems, especially osteoporosis. However, dairy products are often not consumed in sufficient quantities in Eastern societies. This study used empowerment education to improve daily dairy intake [...] Read more.
A scarcity in the intake of dairy products in older women begets a wide range of musculoskeletal problems, especially osteoporosis. However, dairy products are often not consumed in sufficient quantities in Eastern societies. This study used empowerment education to improve daily dairy intake in 68 older Asian women in the community through a quasi-experimental study design. The 34 participants in the experimental group took part in empowerment education programs that included lectures, sharing sessions, situation dramas, and cooking activities, for two hours per week for 6 weeks. The 34 participants in the control group had no interventions. The generalized estimating equation was used to evaluate the intervention’s effectiveness. The test was conducted for the two groups at 1 and 12 weeks after the completion of the lessons. We used daily dairy intake self-efficacy, intention, and behavior scale to measure the outcome. The change in the experimental group’s daily dairy intake self-efficacy and intention score at post-1 week and post-12 weeks was higher compared to the control group, but the dairy intake behavior was only changed at post-12 weeks. The empowerment education was effective in encouraging older women to change their dairy intake behavior and improved their dairy intake self-efficacy and intentions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavior Change in Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases)
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12 pages, 1901 KiB  
Article
Back School Postural Education Program: Comparison of Two Types of Interventions in Improving Ergonomic Knowledge about Postures and Reducing Low Back Pain in Adolescents
by Beatriz Minghelli, Carla Nunes and Raul Oliveira
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(9), 4434; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18094434 - 22 Apr 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3858
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the impact of two Back School Postural Education Programs on improving ergonomic knowledge of postures adopted at school and home, as well as on reducing low back pain (LPB) in adolescents. The sample was constituted by 153 students, [...] Read more.
This study aimed to compare the impact of two Back School Postural Education Programs on improving ergonomic knowledge of postures adopted at school and home, as well as on reducing low back pain (LPB) in adolescents. The sample was constituted by 153 students, aged 10–16 years, with 96 (62.7%) girls, divided into 2 intervention groups (GA, GB). Two tests (theoretical and practical) and LBP questionnaire were applied 1 week before and 1 year after the end of the program. In GA, three sessions were performed for each class separately, on theoretical and practical issues, lasting 45 min and at intervals of 1 week, and in GB, only one theoretical session (90 min) was given to all students. Statistically differences on GA were obtained between the values 1 week before and after 1 year of evaluation in both theoretical and practical tests (p ≤ 0.001). In GB, only the values of the practical test present a statistical difference (p ≤ 0.001). GA obtained higher values on both tests after 1 year of follow-up compared with GB (p ≤ 0.001). The number of students with LBP decreased on GA (p ≤ 0.001). The program with longer duration, higher weekly frequency, and more practical and individualized character promotes better effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavior Change in Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases)
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Review

Jump to: Research, Other

15 pages, 578 KiB  
Review
Participatory Approaches in Family Health Promotion as an Opportunity for Health Behavior Change—A Rapid Review
by Maja Kuchler, Marie Rauscher, Pia Rangnow and Eike Quilling
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(14), 8680; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19148680 - 16 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2468
Abstract
Background: With their influence on health behavior of children, families are important addressees in health promotion and prevention of chronic diseases. However, they are often difficult to reach, partly due to the open approach of health promotion services. Therefore, they should be addressed [...] Read more.
Background: With their influence on health behavior of children, families are important addressees in health promotion and prevention of chronic diseases. However, they are often difficult to reach, partly due to the open approach of health promotion services. Therefore, they should be addressed directly and be involved in shaping their living environment. The aim is to examine which approaches are used in participatory family health promotion and what practical experiences are made. Methods: A systematic literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, LIVIVO and a supplementary hand search were conducted. Ten of 718 screened publications were analyzed qualitatively. Results: Most included publications applied the community-led participatory approach CBPR. In seven publications, family actors could make decisions at any or all project phases. One finding is that positive effects on desired behavior change and improved health of target groups were observed. Frequently described success factors are the type of interaction, and a common goal. Conclusion: The forms of family participation in health promotion vary widely, with the lack of participatory practices being a major challenge. Family participation is a useful approach in shaping health promotion and should be further developed. This overview provides support for planning future participatory projects with families. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavior Change in Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases)
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Other

Jump to: Research, Review

14 pages, 586 KiB  
Study Protocol
Self-Management in Stroke Survivors: Development and Implementation of the Look after Yourself (LAY) Intervention
by Stefania Fugazzaro, Monica Denti, Monia Allisen Accogli, Stefania Costi, Donatella Pagliacci, Simona Calugi, Enrica Cavalli, Mariangela Taricco, Roberta Bardelli and on behalf of Look after Yourself Project
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(11), 5925; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18115925 - 31 May 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3617
Abstract
Objective: Self-management is recommended in stroke rehabilitation. This report aims to describe timing, contents, and setting of delivery of a patient-centered, self-management program for stroke survivors in their early hospital rehabilitation phase: the Look After Yourself (LAY) intervention. Methods: After extensive literature search, [...] Read more.
Objective: Self-management is recommended in stroke rehabilitation. This report aims to describe timing, contents, and setting of delivery of a patient-centered, self-management program for stroke survivors in their early hospital rehabilitation phase: the Look After Yourself (LAY) intervention. Methods: After extensive literature search, the LAY intervention was developed by integrating the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program, based on the self-efficacy construct of social cognitive theory, with evidence-based key elements and input from stroke survivors. Results: the LAY intervention aims to implement self-management skills in stroke survivors, enabling them to be active in goal setting and problem solving using action plans and to facilitate the critical transition from hospital to community. It includes both group sessions to facilitate sharing of experiences, social comparison, vicarious learning, and increase motivation and one-to-one sessions focused on setting feasible action plans and on teaching personalized strategies to prevent falls. Standardization is ensured by manuals for facilitators and patients. Conclusion: The LAY intervention is the first Italian program to support early self-management in stroke rehabilitation; it has been experimented and its efficacy proven in improving self-efficacy, mental health, and activities of daily living, and detailed results have been published. The LAY intervention is described according to the TIDieR checklist. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavior Change in Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases)
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