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Oral Health and Dental Caries

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Oral Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 55559

Special Issue Editors

Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Interests: dental caries; oral public health; dental bleaching; oral quality of life; caries remineralization; MIH
Valencia University Medical and Dental School, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Interests: dental caries; diagnosis; oral public health; fluorosis; caries remineralization; MIH; minimally invasive dentistry; prevention
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Dental caries is the most prevalent Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) and affects all age groups across the life course. Dental caries creates very significant personal, social, and economic burdens all over the world and presents the largest numerical impact across oral health. It is estimated that more than 2,300 million people worldwide suffer from permanent tooth decay, and another 530 million children suffer from temporary tooth decay. While tooth decay affects people of all social levels, children and adults from disadvantaged population groups present disproportionate levels of disease. Caries disease is preventable and shares common risk factors with other non-communicable diseases. By controlling these risk factors, it is possible to improve not only oral health but also general health. In addition to the economic cost of treating dental caries in its advanced stages, it causes pain and other health problems with impact in people’s quality of life. To deal with the pandemic of caries, it is necessary to join forces in both clinical and research aspects.  Likewise, the implementation of multidisciplinary health education programs based on scientific evidence is necessary to allow clear, accurate and applicable protocols in both diagnosis and treatment at all stages of disease. 

Prof. Dr. Carmen Llena
Prof. Dr. Maria Melo Almiñana
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • dental caries
  • caries and risk factors
  • caries and dietary habits
  • oral quality of life 
  • lifestyle 
  • caries microbiology
  • caries remineralization
  • caries management
  • caries restauration
  • oral public health
  • community programs 
  • caries restauration
  • caries prevention 
  • pulp preservation
  • deep caries lesion 
  • biomaterials
  • caries education

Published Papers (24 papers)

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10 pages, 2671 KiB  
Article
Dental Fear and Anxiety of Chinese Preschool Children in a School-Based Outreach Service Using Silver Diamine Fluoride for Caries Control: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Ivy Guofang Sun, Hollis Haotian Chai, Edward Chin Man Lo, Chun Hung Chu and Duangporn Duangthip
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(5), 4467; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph20054467 - 02 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1418
Abstract
Limited data are available regarding the patient-based outcomes of SDF therapy in the kindergarten setting. This study aims to evaluate the dental fear and anxiety (DFA) of preschool children after participating in a school-based outreach service using SDF to arrest early childhood caries [...] Read more.
Limited data are available regarding the patient-based outcomes of SDF therapy in the kindergarten setting. This study aims to evaluate the dental fear and anxiety (DFA) of preschool children after participating in a school-based outreach service using SDF to arrest early childhood caries (ECC). The study recruited 3- to 5-year-old children with untreated ECC. A trained dentist performed a dental examination and applied SDF therapy to the carious lesions. ECC experience was measured using the dmft index. Questionnaires for parents were used to collect the children’s demographic information and their dental treatment experiences. The children’s DFA before and immediately after SDF therapy was assessed using the self-reported Facial Image Scale (FIS) on a Likert scale of 1 (very happy) to 5 (very distressed). The association between the children’s DFA after SDF therapy and the potentially related factors, including demographic background, caries experience, and DFA before SDF therapy, were analysed using bivariate analysis. Three hundred and forty children (187 boys, 55%) joined this study. Their mean (SD) age and dmft scores were 4.8 (0.9) and 4.6 (3.6), respectively. Most of them (269/340, 79%) never had a dental visit. After SDF therapy, 86% (294/340) of the children exhibited no or low DFA (FIS ≤ 3), whereas 14% (46/340) reported high DFA (FIS > 3). No factor was associated with children’s DFA after SDF therapy (p > 0.05). This study showed most preschool children with ECC exhibited no or low DFA after SDF therapy in a school setting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dental Caries)
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17 pages, 739 KiB  
Article
Effectiveness of Individual Oral Health Care Training in Hospitalized Inpatients in Geriatric Wards
by Stephanie Viebranz, Marco Dederichs, Anja Kwetkat and Ina Manuela Schüler
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(5), 4275; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph20054275 - 28 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1855
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of individual oral health care training (IndOHCT) on dental plaque removal and denture cleaning in hospitalized geriatric inpatients. Background: The literature reveals neglect of hygiene and oral care in people aged over 65 years, especially in persons in [...] Read more.
Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of individual oral health care training (IndOHCT) on dental plaque removal and denture cleaning in hospitalized geriatric inpatients. Background: The literature reveals neglect of hygiene and oral care in people aged over 65 years, especially in persons in need of care. Hospitalized geriatric inpatients have poorer dental health than those non-hospitalized. Furthermore, the existing literature reporting on oral healthcare training interventions for hospitalized geriatric inpatients is scarce. Materials and Methods: This pre-post-controlled intervention study dichotomized 90 hospitalized geriatric inpatients into an intervention group (IG) and a control group (CG). Inpatients in the IG received IndOHCT. Oral hygiene was assessed using the Turesky modified Quigley–Hein index (TmQHI) and the denture hygiene index (DHI), at baseline (T0), at a second examination (T1a), and after supervised autonomous tooth brushing and denture cleaning (T1b). The influence of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and Barthel Index (BI) scores on oral hygiene was examined. Results: There was no significant plaque reduction on teeth or dentures between T0 and T1a in either group. Between T1a and T1b, plaque reduction on the teeth was more effective in the IG than in the CG (p < 0.001). Inpatients with 1–9 remaining teeth removed significantly more dental plaque than inpatients with 10 or more remaining teeth. Inpatients with lower MMSE scores (p = 0.021) and higher age (p = 0.044) reached higher plaque reduction on dentures. Conclusions: IndOHCT improved oral and denture hygiene in geriatric inpatients by enabling them to clean their teeth and dentures more effectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dental Caries)
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10 pages, 328 KiB  
Article
A Study on the Relationship between Food Security and the Number of Remaining Teeth in Korean Adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII), 2016–2018
by Su-Yeon Hwang and Jung-Eun Park
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 2964; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph20042964 - 08 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1137
Abstract
Food security is important for human health and quality of life. This study investigated the association between food security and the number of remaining teeth in Korean adults. Raw data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VII (2016–2018) were [...] Read more.
Food security is important for human health and quality of life. This study investigated the association between food security and the number of remaining teeth in Korean adults. Raw data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VII (2016–2018) were analyzed, including data from 13,199 adults aged 19 years or older. The associations between food security and number of teeth were assessed using multiple multinomial logistic regression models after adjusting for demographic and health factors as covariates. In the model adjusted for all socioeconomic, medical, and behavior variables, the odds ratio of tooth loss (16–20 teeth) was 3.80 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.56–9.21) in the group of people that reported often feeling insecurity regarding various food groups compared to those who reported feeling food security. The results of this study demonstrated an association between food security and the number of remaining teeth in Korean adults. Therefore, food security is essential for improving lifelong oral health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dental Caries)
12 pages, 373 KiB  
Article
Caries Experience and Risk Indicators in a Portuguese Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Eduardo Guerreiro, João Botelho, Vanessa Machado, Luís Proença, José João Mendes and Ana Cristina Manso
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 2511; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph20032511 - 31 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1346
Abstract
Oral health surveys are essential for assessing the dental caries experience and to influence national policies. This retrospective cross-sectional study aims to analyze dental caries experience for which dental treatment was sought in a reference university dental hospital at the Lisbon Metropolitan Area [...] Read more.
Oral health surveys are essential for assessing the dental caries experience and to influence national policies. This retrospective cross-sectional study aims to analyze dental caries experience for which dental treatment was sought in a reference university dental hospital at the Lisbon Metropolitan Area between January 2016 and March 2020. Full-mouth examination, and sociodemographic, behavior, and medical information were included. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression analysis were applied to ascertain risk indicators associated with dental caries experience. A final sample of 9349 participants (5592 females/3757 males) were included, aged 18 to 99 years old. In this population, caries experience was 91.1%, higher in female participants. Age (OR = 1.01, 95% CI [1.00–1.02], occupation (OR = 2.94, 95% CI [2.37–3.65], OR = 3.35, 95% CI [2.40–4.67], OR = 2.55, 95% CI [1.66–3.91], for employed, unemployed, and retired, respectively), overweight (OR = 1.52, 95% CI [1.18–1.96]), reporting to have never visited a dentist (OR = 0.38, 95% CI [0.23–0.64], and self-reported week teeth status (OR = 2.14, 95% CI [1.40–3.28]) were identified as risk indicators for the presence of dental caries, according to adjusted multivariable logistic analyses. These results highlight a substantial rate of dental experience in a Portuguese cohort and will pave the way for future tailored oral public health programs in Portugal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dental Caries)
13 pages, 487 KiB  
Article
A Qualitative Evaluation of the Implementation of an Oral Care Program in Home Care Nursing
by Lina F. Weening-Verbree, Annemarie A. Schuller, Sytse U. Zuidema and Johannes S. M. Hobbelen
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 2124; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph20032124 - 24 Jan 2023
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Abstract
An Oral Care Program (OCP) was implemented in home care nursing teams in a northern province of the Netherlands to improve the oral health and hygiene of older people who make use of formal home care in 2018–2019. The aim of the current [...] Read more.
An Oral Care Program (OCP) was implemented in home care nursing teams in a northern province of the Netherlands to improve the oral health and hygiene of older people who make use of formal home care in 2018–2019. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the experiences of the stakeholders involved (older people, home-care nurses and dental hygienists) and to report the experienced impact of OCP, with a qualitative approach. Three dental hygienists, nine home care nurses, and eight older people were interviewed with semi-structured interviews, which were audio recorded, transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. The codes derived were grouped into nine main themes. OCP was experienced as mostly positive by all stakeholders involved. The educational part lead to more awareness towards oral care, but should be repeated regularly. Personalized oral care plans for older people were experienced positively, however, obtaining oral care behavior changes appeared to be difficult. Collaboration between dental hygienists and home care nurses lead to a positive experience from both sides The method and intensity of collaboration varied between the teams. To provide better access to oral health care for older people in the community, a long term collaboration between home care nursing teams and dental care professionals in their working area should be established. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dental Caries)
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8 pages, 313 KiB  
Article
Mothers’ Awareness of the Correlation between Their Own and Their Children’s Oral Health
by Francesco Saverio Ludovichetti, Andrea Zuccon, Patrizia Lucchi, Giulia Cattaruzza, Nicoletta Zerman, Edoardo Stellini and Sergio Mazzoleni
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(22), 14967; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192214967 - 14 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1291
Abstract
Pregnancy is a critical time for a woman since it involves a series of changes in the body due to hormonal fluctuations and changes that can also influence the oral cavity and can lead to certain pathologies, such as carious lesions. Furthermore, it [...] Read more.
Pregnancy is a critical time for a woman since it involves a series of changes in the body due to hormonal fluctuations and changes that can also influence the oral cavity and can lead to certain pathologies, such as carious lesions. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated over the years that having poor dental health during pregnancy might have a significant impact on the child’s oral health. The aim of the study is to analyze the level of knowledge and information of mothers on the importance of oral health care before, during, and after pregnancy as a preventive factor for the future oral health of the child. A questionnaire of 13 multiple choice questions was formulated and delivered from 24 February 2022 to 13 July 2022, aimed at women with at least one child. The Department of Pediatric Dentistry of the Borgo Cavalli Clinic in Treviso and the Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Santa Maria di Ca’ Foncello Hospital in Treviso were the data collection centers. Crosstabs with dependency variables were used to statistically analyze the results. The study cohort consists of 411 women, whose responses showed that the majority did not have dental visits before and during pregnancy, which is why 74% of the whole sample did not request or receive information from professionals. Most mothers knew that they had to cleanse their child’s mouth and, among them, those who responded more correctly, that is, who started before the eruption of the teeth, had received instructions from professionals. However, the low frequency of mothers performing dental checks during pregnancy did not allow mothers to become aware of the possibility of transmitting the carious lesions to their child, as conscious mothers represent 21%. Education from dentist and dental hygienists, gynecologists, and pediatricians is essential since they have an impact on mothers’ habits and behaviors and ensure favorable oral health for both the mother and the child. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dental Caries)
14 pages, 712 KiB  
Article
Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life as Measured with the Child-OIDP Index and Oral Health Status in Spanish Adolescents
by María Paloma Alvarez-Azaustre, Rossana Greco and Carmen Llena
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12450; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191912450 - 29 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1676
Abstract
Background: Our aim was to analyze the relationship between OHRQoL (Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life) assessed by the C-OIDP (Child-Oral Impacts on Daily Performances) indexand oral health status in 13-15 years old Spanish population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed in a random sample [...] Read more.
Background: Our aim was to analyze the relationship between OHRQoL (Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life) assessed by the C-OIDP (Child-Oral Impacts on Daily Performances) indexand oral health status in 13-15 years old Spanish population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed in a random sample of 337 adolescents. The C-OIDP and an oral health perception questionnaire were applied. ICDAS II (International Caries Detection and Assessment System) classification was used for assessing caries status, CPI (Community Periodontal Index) for periodontal status and discrepancy in the three planes for occlusal evaluation. Statistical analysis included Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis and Spearman correlation tests. Results: The prevalence of impact was 48.1%. The most frequently affected dimension was eating (21.4%). The overall mean C-OIDP index was 3.28. Higher DMFT (Decayed Missed Filled Tooth) was significantly associated with C-OIDP index (p = 0.03). Participants with CPI > 0 showed an impact index almost twice as high as those with CPI = 0 (p > 0.05). Significant association was found between quality of life and CPI for women (p < 0.01). Only the molar Angle’s class was associated with the impact index (p = 0.04). Conclusions: The OHRQoL in Spanish adolescents is good. The DMFT index had an impact on adolescents’ quality of life, showing a greater impact in men than in women. Periodontal status had a greater impact in women. No association between the extent of the caries lesion and the impact index was found. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dental Caries)
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9 pages, 306 KiB  
Article
Association between Dental Caries and Handgrip Strength: In a Population-Based Study in Korea (KNHANES 2016–2018)
by Eun-Jeong Kim, Chae-Hee Lim, Min Eun, Su-A Yu, So-Min Kwon, Jeong-Eun Lee, Kyu-Ri Lee, Se-Hyun Park and Hye-Ju Lee
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(16), 9874; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19169874 - 10 Aug 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1546
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the relationship between handgrip strength and oral health using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, representing Korean adults. Data from the seventh survey (2016–2018) conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [...] Read more.
This study aimed to verify the relationship between handgrip strength and oral health using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, representing Korean adults. Data from the seventh survey (2016–2018) conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were utilized, and 10,607 final study participants were recruited according to the selection and exclusion criteria. A complex sample logistic regression analysis was performed to confirm the relationship between handgrip strength and dental caries according to the sex of the study participants. On analyzing the correlation in men, “C1 (DMFT: 11–32),” when compared to “C4 (DMFT: 0–3),” in Model 1 without adjustment for potential confounders, was 2.92 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.15–3.97) times more likely to be associated with lower handgrip strength, and a statistically significant result was detected (p < 0.001). Additionally, significant odds ratios (ORs) were confirmed for all adjusted models. In women, the ORs in Model 1 without adjustment for potential confounders were 1.41 times (95% CI: 1.14–1.75) and demonstrated a significant result; however, the results were not significant in all adjusted models 2–4. Resultantly, a significant association was detected between dental caries and handgrip strength in Korean adults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dental Caries)
12 pages, 1182 KiB  
Article
Spanish Paediatricians’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Oral Health of Children under 6 Years of Age: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Yolanda Martínez-Beneyto, Celia Navarrete-García, Clara Serna-Muñoz, Veronica Ausina-Márquez, Andrea Poza-Pascual, Antonio Javier Expósito-Delgado, Ascensión Vicente and Antonio J. Ortiz-Ruiz
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(15), 9550; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19159550 - 03 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1358
Abstract
Background: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a prevalent chronic pathology, and it has a negative impact on the oral and general health of the child patient. Aim: To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Spanish paediatricians regarding early childhood caries according to [...] Read more.
Background: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a prevalent chronic pathology, and it has a negative impact on the oral and general health of the child patient. Aim: To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Spanish paediatricians regarding early childhood caries according to the professional’s years of experience. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire was conducted by Spanish paediatricians via WhatsApp and e-mails from January to April 2021. Data were analysed using Chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test and Cramer’s V test. Results: There were a total of 359 participants. Most respondents were women (81.3%) with up to 10 years of professional experience (31.2%) in primary health care and public health. In most cases, participants had an excellent knowledge of primary dentition (90.8%), but they ignored (56%) when the first visit to the dentist should occur. Regarding the aetiological factors of caries, oral hygiene and prevention, a lower rate of knowledge was observed. The majority of participants (80.8%) were not able to identify white spot lesions and enamel defects (76%). They considered that their knowledge in oral health was deficient, highlighting the need to increase their training. Less experienced paediatricians were found to have higher success rates. Conclusions: The level of knowledge and attitudes regarding early childhood caries of the evaluated paediatricians should be improved. Paediatricians had difficulties in identifying early caries lesions and enamel defects. Nevertheless, a higher level of knowledge and positive attitudes towards dental caries has been detected among paediatricians with fewer years of professional experience. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dental Caries)
11 pages, 650 KiB  
Article
Is Silver Diamine Fluoride Effective in Arresting Enamel Caries? A Randomized Clinical Trial
by Araya Phonghanyudh, Duangporn Duangthip, Sirinan Mabangkhru and Varangkanar Jirarattanasopha
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(15), 8992; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19158992 - 24 Jul 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2786
Abstract
Background: There is limited information on the effectiveness of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in managing enamel caries. Objective: This study aimed to compare effectiveness of 38% SDF and 5% Sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish in arresting enamel caries in young children when applied [...] Read more.
Background: There is limited information on the effectiveness of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in managing enamel caries. Objective: This study aimed to compare effectiveness of 38% SDF and 5% Sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish in arresting enamel caries in young children when applied semiannually over 18 months. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on children aged 1–3 years who had at least one active carious surface. They were allocated into two groups: Group 1 (38% SDF) and Group 2 (5% NaF varnish). Visual-tactile examination was used to assess extent of carious lesions. Enamel caries that did not progress to dentin were classified as having caries arrest. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed. Results: At baseline, 290 children with 1974 tooth surfaces with enamel caries were recruited. Caries arrest rates at the tooth surface level in Group 1 and Group 2 were 59.1% and 58.8%, respectively (p = 0.873), at 18 months. The multilevel logistic regression analysis revealed that tooth position, tooth surface, extent of enamel caries at baseline, caries experience, and brushing with fluoride toothpaste influenced caries arrest (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The semiannual application of 38% SDF and 5% NaF varnish had comparable effectiveness in arresting enamel caries in primary teeth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dental Caries)
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12 pages, 4291 KiB  
Article
Post Placement and Restoration of Endodontically Treated Canines: A Finite Element Analysis Study
by Alexandru Dan Popescu, Dragoș Laurențiu Popa, Andreea Gabriela Nicola, Ionela Teodora Dascălu, Cristian Petcu, Tiberiu Tircă, Mihaela Jana Tuculina, Horia Mocanu, Adela Nicoleta Staicu and Lelia Mihaela Gheorghiță
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(15), 8928; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19158928 - 22 Jul 2022
Viewed by 1586
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to show the improved outcomes of restoring endodontically treated teeth with fiberglass posts compared to restorations using metal posts. In our study, we used the Finite Element Method (FEM), which is based on the principle that a [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to show the improved outcomes of restoring endodontically treated teeth with fiberglass posts compared to restorations using metal posts. In our study, we used the Finite Element Method (FEM), which is based on the principle that a physical model that supports a given load distributes the stress throughout its volume. We sought to assess what stress results in a tooth when it is restored using a fiberglass post compared to restoration using a metal post. The finite element analysis showed that a system consisting of a tooth with a fiberglass post is more stable in terms of the maximum stress than a system consisting of a tooth with a metal post. The maximum displacements and deformations were obtained in the case of a canine restored with a fiberglass post, which showed that this system had a high elasticity, therefore, higher strength than a canine restored with a metal post, which had high rigidity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dental Caries)
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10 pages, 709 KiB  
Article
The Assessment of Early Server Childhood Caries Status in Abandoned Institutionalized Children
by Oana Elena Stoica, Daniela Esian, Anamaria Bud, Alexandra Mihaela Stoica, Liana Beresescu and Cristina Ioana Bica
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(14), 8632; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19148632 - 15 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1337
Abstract
Oral health is a critical indicator of children’s quality of life, which at this early age, depends exclusively on the attention, involvement, and guidance of parents or caregivers. Assessing carious damage and measuring the prevalence of early severe tooth decay in temporary teeth [...] Read more.
Oral health is a critical indicator of children’s quality of life, which at this early age, depends exclusively on the attention, involvement, and guidance of parents or caregivers. Assessing carious damage and measuring the prevalence of early severe tooth decay in temporary teeth in children is obtained by calculating the dmft index, giving the sum of an individual’s decayed, missing, and filled teeth. The aim of our study was to conduct a clinical examination of the oral status of institutionalized children from Romania. We selected and included in the study 144 children, both boys and girls in equal number, with ages of five or six years old, from which 110 were eligible for the study and met the inclusion criteria. Of all children, 20.90% were five years old girls, 27.27% five years old boys, 26.36% six years old girls, and 25.46% six years old boys. Of all, 10,45% had more than three incisors presenting decays, equally affected by gender. Of the boys’ group, 20% of age six had more de two canines affected, and 26.7% of five years old girls had more than three affected canines. Of the five years boys’ group, 24.3% had more than three affected temporary molars, 44.9% of six years boys had more than five. Of the five years old girls, 33.3% had more than four temporary molars affected and, 56.6% of the six years old girls’ group had more than five molars presenting carious lesions. The dental status and dmft values were similar for five years old and six years old children and similar boys and girls. Due to the vulnerability of young children that consists not only in their inability to identify, express, and address their own needs but also the lack of parental support, lack of an optimal diet for age, and proper hygiene, they reach adolescence with an impaired dental status, inappropriate for their age. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dental Caries)
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12 pages, 1363 KiB  
Article
Assessing Fluorosis Incidence in Areas with Low Fluoride Content in the Drinking Water, Fluorotic Enamel Architecture, and Composition Alterations
by Izabela Strużycka, Aneta Olszewska, Agnieszka Bogusławska-Kapała, Szymon Hryhorowicz, Marta Kaczmarek-Ryś, Beniamin Oskar Grabarek, Rafał Staszkiewicz, Izabela Kuciel-Polczak and Agata Czajka-Jakubowska
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(12), 7153; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19127153 - 10 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2440
Abstract
There is currently no consensus among researchers on the optimal level of fluoride for human growth and health. As drinking water is not the sole source of fluoride for humans, and fluoride can be found in many food sources, this work aimed to [...] Read more.
There is currently no consensus among researchers on the optimal level of fluoride for human growth and health. As drinking water is not the sole source of fluoride for humans, and fluoride can be found in many food sources, this work aimed to determine the incidence and severity of dental fluorosis in Poland, in areas where a low fluoride content characterizes the drinking water, and to assess the impact of fluoride on the enamel composition and microstructure. The dental examination involved 696 patients (aged 15–25 years) who had since birth lived in areas where the fluoride concentration in drinking water did not exceed 0.25 mg/L. The severity of the condition was evaluated using the Dean’s Index. Both healthy teeth and teeth with varying degrees of fluorosis underwent laboratory tests designed to assess the total protein and fluoride content of the enamel. Protein amount was assessed spectrophotometrically while the level of fluoride ions was measured by DX-120 ion chromatography. The clinical study revealed 89 cases (12.8%) of dental fluorosis of varying severity. The enamel of teeth with mild and moderate fluorosis contained a significantly higher protein (p-value < 0.001 and 0.002, respectively) and fluoride level (p < 0.001) than those with no clinical signs of fluorosis. SEM images showed irregularities in the structure of the fluorotic enamel. An excessive fluoride level during amelogenesis leads to adverse changes in the chemical composition of tooth enamel and its structure. Moreover, dental fluorosis present in areas where drinking water is low in fluorides indicates a need to monitor the supply of fluoride from other possible sources, regardless of its content in the water. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dental Caries)
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11 pages, 613 KiB  
Article
Dietary Factors Influencing the Caries Status of Adults in Karachi, Pakistan: Initial Findings
by Ambrina Qureshi, Nilofer F. Safdar, Hina Qureshi, Yasser F. AlFawaz, Khold Al Ahdal, Sara Shabib, Khulud A. Al-Aali, Mustafa Naseem, Fahim Vohra and Tariq Abduljabbar
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(12), 6980; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19126980 - 07 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1554
Abstract
Objective: The objective was to identify the relationship between the dietary factors related to increases in the number of dental caries among an adult population group. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving adult patients and their accompanying person, aged 18 years and [...] Read more.
Objective: The objective was to identify the relationship between the dietary factors related to increases in the number of dental caries among an adult population group. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving adult patients and their accompanying person, aged 18 years and above (n = 1730) visiting the dental outpatient department (OPD) of a public sector tertiary healthcare institute in Karachi, Pakistan. A 39-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was administered to the patients, followed by a dental caries assessment using Radke’s WHO criteria. Caries assessment data were transformed into the DMFT Index (D = decayed, M = missing, F = filled teeth). Factor analysis (FA) was performed using Stata v. 11.0, followed by assessing the internal consistency of the FFQ. Multilogistic analysis was performed to explore the association between dental caries (cut-off = 5) and other independent variables, considering a p-value < 0.05 as significant. Results: The mean age of participants in the group was 32.65 ± 10.49 years. The number of female participants (934; 54%) was higher than male participants (796; 46%). Of the total, 951 (52%) participants were married. The internal consistency value for the FFQ, as measured by Cronbach’s alpha, was 0.80. In addition to age and gender, out of four dietary patterns, only “cereals” were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) associated with increased DMFT. Conclusion: This study established that the high intake of cereals is a contributory factor to the high prevalence of dental caries among adults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dental Caries)
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8 pages, 310 KiB  
Article
Oral Health-Related Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Patients in Rural Areas around Cluj-Napoca, Romania
by Radu Marcel Chisnoiu, Ada Gabriela Delean, Alexandrina Muntean, Doina Iulia Rotaru, Andrea Maria Chisnoiu and Sanda Ileana Cimpean
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(11), 6887; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19116887 - 04 Jun 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2284
Abstract
The intent of the KAP (knowledge, attitude, practices) survey is to collect information about a specific target group related to their knowledge, what they consider to be known, and what they do about a particular topic. The aim of this study was to [...] Read more.
The intent of the KAP (knowledge, attitude, practices) survey is to collect information about a specific target group related to their knowledge, what they consider to be known, and what they do about a particular topic. The aim of this study was to identify the level of importance of oral health, especially the level of knowledge, attitude and practices of rural patients around Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Material and methods: A questionnaire consisting of five parts was used, trying to assess the self-perception of oral health, knowledge and attitude towards oral health, dental hygiene practices and eating habits. A clinical examination was also performed in order to identify the number of missing teeth, the caries and the presence of calculus. Results: The study revealed that most patients have an average and good self-perception of oral health, although three-quarters of them have calculus deposits, and about half of them have more than three carious lesions and at least one extracted tooth. There is also a discrepancy between declared knowledge of oral health, eating habits and dental practices. Conclusions: The basic knowledge of rural patients about oral health can be considered satisfactory, but the practices, unfortunately, do not reflect this knowledge. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dental Caries)
11 pages, 355 KiB  
Article
Dental Caries and Oral Health Status of Psychoactive Substance Abusers
by Rashmi Bhavsar, Vandana Shah, Namratha A. Ajith, Kinjal Shah, Ahmed Al-amoudi, Hammam Ahmed Bahammam, Sarah Ahmed Bahammam, Bassam Zidane, Nassreen Hassan Mohammad Albar, Shilpa Bhandi, A. Thirumal Raj and Shankargouda Patil
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(10), 5818; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19105818 - 10 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2076
Abstract
Substance-abuse disorders are universally associated with comorbid illness. Tobacco is a widely abused substance across the globe and presents a critical public health problem. The precise correlation between tobacco use and dental caries remains unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the [...] Read more.
Substance-abuse disorders are universally associated with comorbid illness. Tobacco is a widely abused substance across the globe and presents a critical public health problem. The precise correlation between tobacco use and dental caries remains unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the correlation between tobacco use and dental caries. Methodology: Based on selection criteria, a total of 270 (age 20–50 years) participants were included in the study, and were categorized as group A (n = 135), consisting of tobacco users, and group B (n = 135), comprising healthy controls (non-users). The Decayed, Missing, and Filled index (DMFT) was used to measure caries status. The Simplified Oral Hygiene index was used to evaluate oral health. Results: The tobacco group reported the use of cigarettes; smokeless tobacco in indigenous forms, such as gutka (areca nut, tobacco, and slaked lime), betel nut chewing; and a combination. Individuals with tobacco habits had a higher prevalence of dental caries (Mean DMFT 4.73 ± 4.32) compared to the non-habit group (Mean DMFT 3.17 ± 3.11 (p = 0.001). The Oral Hygiene index was significantly higher (indicating bad/poor oral hygiene) in tobacco abusers than those of non-users (p = 0.0001). Duration and frequency of tobacco use were correlated with the levels of moderate and severe caries (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Psychoactive substance abuse, such as smoking/smokeless tobacco consumption, is associated with higher prevalence of dental caries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dental Caries)
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13 pages, 3855 KiB  
Article
Current Status and Trends in Research on Caries Diagnosis: A Bibliometric Analysis
by María Melo, José Luis Sanz, Leopoldo Forner, Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Lozano and Julia Guerrero-Gironés
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(9), 5011; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19095011 - 20 Apr 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2082
Abstract
There are a wide variety of devices for the detection and diagnosis of caries from the initial stages. The purpose of this study was to perform a bibliometric study on research regarding caries diagnosis by identifying the contributing researchers, organizations, countries or regions, [...] Read more.
There are a wide variety of devices for the detection and diagnosis of caries from the initial stages. The purpose of this study was to perform a bibliometric study on research regarding caries diagnosis by identifying the contributing researchers, organizations, countries or regions, journals, and to provide an analysis of keyword co-occurrence and co-authorship networks. An advanced search was performed in Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection database, using the terms “caries diagno*” and “caries detect*” in the “topic” field, from 2013 to 2021. Bibliometric parameters were extracted using WOS’s analyze results tools and VOSviewer software. A total of 816 documents were identified. Most of them, (61.3%) are included in “Dentistry Oral Surgery & Medicine” category within WOS. The largest scientific production on the subject is observed between 2018 and 2021, with a total of 344 records. The most productive author is Mendes FM, followed by Braga MM. The journal with the most articles published on caries diagnosis is Caries Research, with 55 articles (6.74%). The terms with the highest co-occurrence refer to the validity of diagnostic methods, tools or principles used in diagnosis or general aspects related to caries detection and diagnosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dental Caries)
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11 pages, 20549 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Biocompatibility of Several Children’s Toothpastes on Human Gingival Fibroblasts
by María Pilar Pecci-Lloret, Sergio López-García, Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Lozano, Pablo Álvarez-Novoa and David García-Bernal
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(5), 2954; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19052954 - 03 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2353
Abstract
The European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry has recommended fluoride toothpastes from the eruption of the first teeth in children. Toothpastes stay in the mouth in contact with human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) for a long time. Thus, the objective of this study was to [...] Read more.
The European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry has recommended fluoride toothpastes from the eruption of the first teeth in children. Toothpastes stay in the mouth in contact with human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) for a long time. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of five different commonly used children’s toothpastes: Oral B Kids +3 (Procter & Gamble, Alicante, Spain), Fluor Kin Calcium (Kin, Madrid, Spain), PHB Junior (PHB, Barcelona, Spain), Colgate +3 (Colgate Palmolive, Madrid, Spain) and Vitis Kids (Dentaid, Valencia, Spain) on hGFs. The children’s toothpastes were exposed to hGFs at different concentrations (1:1, 1:2, 1:4). Afterwards, several tests were performed: MTT assays, cell cycle analyses, cell cytoskeleton staining assays, apoptosis/necrosis assays, and ICP-MS and ion chromatography. Oral B displayed the lowest cytotoxicity and was the toothpaste with the highest fluoride ion release; meanwhile, the other toothpastes were cytotoxic (*** p < 0.0001); Fluor Kin being the one with the lowest fluoride ion release. Among all the toothpastes analyzed, Oral B exhibited the best results in vitro in terms of biocompatibility. Future evaluations, both in vitro and in vivo, are required to confirm the biocompatibility of sodium lauryl sarcosinate and sodium lauryl sulfate containing toothpastes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dental Caries)
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8 pages, 648 KiB  
Article
Caries Risk Assessment Using the Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) Protocol among the General Population of Sakaka, Saudi Arabia—A Cross-Sectional Study
by Azhar Iqbal, Osama Khattak, Farooq Ahmad Chaudhary, Meshal Aber Al Onazi, Hmoud Ali Algarni, Thani AlSharari, Abdullah Alshehri, Mohammed Mustafa, Rakhi Issrani, Ebtehal Yanallah Mohamed Alghamdi, Alaa Yahya Ali Alghamdi and Nojoud Omar Ahmad Balubaid
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1215; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19031215 - 22 Jan 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2621
Abstract
Background: Caries risk assessment is a useful tool in caries prevention and management. Using a tool such as CAMBRA, every individual can be assessed according to his or her disease indicators, risk factors, and protective factors for the current and future caries. [...] Read more.
Background: Caries risk assessment is a useful tool in caries prevention and management. Using a tool such as CAMBRA, every individual can be assessed according to his or her disease indicators, risk factors, and protective factors for the current and future caries. Aim: This study aimed to assess caries risk among the general population of Sakaka, Saudi Arabia using the CAMBRA protocol. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at university dental clinics using a questionnaire that was formulated using the CAMBRA caries risk assessment tool; afterwards, all 160 participants were intra-orally examined to assess oral hygiene status and presence of disease. Independent t-tests, ANOVAs, and chi-square tests were performed for analysis. Results: The majority of participants had one or more disease indicators, with white spots and visible cavities (71.3%), and the most commonly present risk factor was visible heavy plaque on teeth (82.5%). The use of fluoridated toothpaste (92.5%) was the most common protective factor. The majority of participants (85%) were in the ‘High’ category of Caries risk assessment. The prevalence of high caries risk was significantly higher among the rural participants compared to the urban (p <0.05), and significantly fewer of those with a primary school education level or lower were in the high dental caries risk group compared to the other educational categories (p <0.001). Conclusion: The caries risk among the general population of Sakaka, Saudi Arabia, is high, with significant variation among age groups, education levels, and geographical locations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dental Caries)
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16 pages, 4318 KiB  
Article
Overtreatment in Restorative Dentistry: Decision Making by Last-Year Dental Students
by Triana Moreno, José Luis Sanz, María Melo and Carmen Llena
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(23), 12585; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182312585 - 29 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2406
Abstract
To evaluate the tendency for overdiagnosis and overtreatment upon different clinical situations among last-year students from the degree in dentistry from Valencia University (Spain) during the 2018–2019 course. A questionnaire consisting of 10 case exemplifications examining the diagnosis, treatment, and clinician’s attitude towards [...] Read more.
To evaluate the tendency for overdiagnosis and overtreatment upon different clinical situations among last-year students from the degree in dentistry from Valencia University (Spain) during the 2018–2019 course. A questionnaire consisting of 10 case exemplifications examining the diagnosis, treatment, and clinician’s attitude towards different common clinical situations regarding restorative dentistry was designed. Fifty-two students were surveyed, from whom 42 completed the questionnaire (80.77%). Data were analyzed descriptively. A total of 58.8% of the students correctly identified an early carious lesion in the occlusal surface of a molar, while 63.2% would perform unnecessary complementary tests for its diagnosis. The treatment for carious lesions in different evolutive phases with a vital pulp was correct between 51.2 and 92.7% of the cases. The treatment for irreversible pulp pathology and the restoration of the tooth with root canal treatment were adequately selected in 56.1% and 78.3% of the cases, respectively. For the repair of a faulty restoration, an overtreatment was proposed by 87.8% of the students. A tendency to perform unnecessary complementary tests for caries diagnosis was observed. Treatment caries proposals were in accordance with available evidence in the majority of the cases. Students tended to overtreat defective restorations and would perform unnecessary treatments in medically compromised patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dental Caries)
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14 pages, 1431 KiB  
Article
Placement of Posterior Composite Restorations: A Cross-Sectional Study of Dental Practitioners in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
by Mohamed M. Awad, Mansour Alradan, Nawaf Alshalan, Ali Alqahtani, Feras Alhalabi, Mohammed Ali Salem, Ahmed Rabah and Ali Alrahlah
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(23), 12408; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182312408 - 25 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2300
Abstract
Dental practitioner-related factors can affect the quality of composite restorations. This study aimed to investigate the clinical techniques used by dental practitioners (DPs) while placing direct posterior composite restorations. Methods: A questionnaire survey that sought information related to the placement of posterior composite [...] Read more.
Dental practitioner-related factors can affect the quality of composite restorations. This study aimed to investigate the clinical techniques used by dental practitioners (DPs) while placing direct posterior composite restorations. Methods: A questionnaire survey that sought information related to the placement of posterior composite restorations was delivered to 161 DPs working in the Al-Kharj area, Saudi Arabia. The collected data were statistically analyzed using Pearson’s Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test considering the DP’s working sector and the answered questions. Results: A total of 123 DPs completed the survey (76.4% response rate). There was a statistically significant difference between DPs working in the private sector and those working in the governmental sector in 7 out of 17 questionnaire items namely: preparing a minimum depth of 2 mm, (p = 0.001); mechanical means of retention, (p = 0.003); operative field isolation, (p = 0.004); adhesive strategy, (p < 0.001); light-curing unit used, (p = 0.013); the use of radiometer, (p = 0.023), and dental matrix selection, (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The clinical techniques applied by DPs working in the private sector in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia when placing posterior composite restorations, including the specifications of cavity preparation, operative field isolation, and selection of the dental matrix system, may be substandard compared to those applied by DPs working in the governmental sector. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dental Caries)
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Review

Jump to: Research, Other

15 pages, 2696 KiB  
Review
Management of Chronic Atrophic Candidiasis (Denture Stomatitis)—A Narrative Review
by Eman Abuhajar, Kamran Ali, Gulraiz Zulfiqar, Khalifa Al Ansari, Hina Zafar Raja, Shaza Bishti and Lamyia Anweigi
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 3029; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph20043029 - 09 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 6323
Abstract
One of the most common oral diseases affecting people wearing dentures is chronic atrophic candidiasis or denture stomatitis (DS). The aim of the paper is to provide an update on the pathogenesis, presentation, and management of DS in general dental practice settings. A [...] Read more.
One of the most common oral diseases affecting people wearing dentures is chronic atrophic candidiasis or denture stomatitis (DS). The aim of the paper is to provide an update on the pathogenesis, presentation, and management of DS in general dental practice settings. A comprehensive review of the literature published in the last ten years was undertaken using multiple databases, including PubMed via MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus. The eligible articles were analyzed to identify evidence-based strategies for the management of DS. Despite its multifactorial nature, the leading cause of DS is the development of oral Candida albicans biofilm, which is facilitated by poor oral and denture hygiene, long-term denture wear, ill-fitting dentures, and the porosity of the acrylic resin in the dentures. DS affects between 17 and 75% of the population wearing dentures, with a slight predominance in elderly females. The mucosal denture surfaces and posterior tongue are the common sites of DS, and the affected areas exhibit erythema, the swelling of the palatal mucosa and edema. Oral and denture hygiene protocols, adjusting or re-fabricating poorly adapting dentures, smoking cessation, avoiding nocturnal denture wear, and the administration of topical or systemic antifungals are the mainstay of management. Alternate treatments such as microwave disinfection, phytomedicine, photodynamic therapy, and incorporation of antifungals and nanoparticles into denture resins are being evaluated for the treatment of DS but require further evidence before routine use in clinical practice. In summary, DS is the most common oral inflammatory lesion experienced by denture wearers. Most patients with DS can be managed in general dental practice settings. Effective management by general dental practitioners may be supported by a thorough understanding of the pathogenesis, the recognition of the clinical presentation, and an awareness of contemporary treatment strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dental Caries)
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Other

Jump to: Research, Review

11 pages, 1807 KiB  
Systematic Review
Changes in the Color and Brightness of White Spots Associated with Orthodontic Treatment 6 Months after the Application of Infiltrative Resins: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Hugo Baptista-Sánchez, Laura Antonio-Zancajo, Alberto Albaladejo-Martínez, Pedro Colino Gallardo, Daniele Garcovich, Mario Alvarado-Lorenzo and Alfonso Alvarado-Lorenzo
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(15), 9277; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19159277 - 29 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3033
Abstract
One of the risks that we find after orthodontic treatment is the secondary appearance of white spot lesions (WLS) after the removal of fixed multi-bracket appliances. Today, there are several treatment methods, resin infiltration being the most used in the most serious cases. [...] Read more.
One of the risks that we find after orthodontic treatment is the secondary appearance of white spot lesions (WLS) after the removal of fixed multi-bracket appliances. Today, there are several treatment methods, resin infiltration being the most used in the most serious cases. The objective of this study is to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the efficacy and stability in the variables of color and gloss, six months after resin infiltration. A comprehensive search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science. Articles published in the last 10 years were selected, including in vivo studies with a six-month follow-up. PRISMA guidelines were followed to carry out this systematic review. All studies where the application of resin was performed on carious lesions were discarded. Once the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, a final sample of four articles was obtained, on which the review and meta-analysis were carried out. Once examined, all authors considered that there was an immediate improvement in both variables. However, statistically significant differences were obtained in the color change outcome, but not in the brightness outcome in the subgroup analysis after six months of icon resin infiltration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dental Caries)
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16 pages, 722 KiB  
Systematic Review
Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescents as Measured with the Child-OIDP Questionnaire: A Systematic Review
by María Paloma Alvarez-Azaustre, Rossana Greco and Carmen Llena
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(24), 12995; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182412995 - 09 Dec 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3140
Abstract
Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) refers to impacts of oral health on physical, psychological, functional and social aspects of individuals. Among specific measurement instruments to assess OHRQoL in adolescents, the C-OIDP (Child Oral Impact on Daily Performances) questionnaire has demonstrated validity, reliability [...] Read more.
Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) refers to impacts of oral health on physical, psychological, functional and social aspects of individuals. Among specific measurement instruments to assess OHRQoL in adolescents, the C-OIDP (Child Oral Impact on Daily Performances) questionnaire has demonstrated validity, reliability and suitable psychometric properties. Our aim was to identify cross-sectional studies using the C-OIDP questionnaire to perform a qualitative synthesis and assessment of their methodology and results. A literature electronic search was carried out on the PubMed-Medline, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), EMBASE, LILACS and SciELO databases, followed by a study selection process and quality assessment. OHRQoL perceived by adolescents is related to age, sex and sociodemographic factors. Eating is the most frequently affected dimension and toothache is the first cause of impact, showing a generally mild intensity and severity of impact. The impact on oral quality of life is greater in younger adolescents. Several factors such as previous caries experience, the DMFT (Decayed, Missed, Filled, Tooth) index, caries in primary teeth, canker sores, bleeding gums and malocclusion have been associated with a lower level of OHRQoL. More longitudinal studies are needed to clarify divergent results and complete our knowledge of oral impacts on quality of life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dental Caries)
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