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Chemical Exposure and Risk Assessment
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Chemical Exposure and Risk Assessment

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Toxicology and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 7981

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jin Hee Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
Interests: complex diseases; susceptible population; elderly; hypertension; diabetes; metabolic diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Along with the development of a variety of chemicals worldwide, human has been consistently exposed to new chemicals as well as chemicals in use. Because those chemicals may disrupt physiologic function of the body, those could result in a range of health problems. These chemicals, when ubiquitously and chronically exposed to the human body, can be toxic, particularly in vulnerable populations and even at low-dose exposures. Although environmental exposure and risk assessment for several chemicals have been conducted, there were still limited evidence for a variety of chemicals which are associated with several diseases. In particular, evidence for environmental exposure and risk assessment in vulnerable populations was too limited. 

This Special Issue seeks research papers on various aspects of chemicals on health. Especially, we encourage the submission of interdisciplinary work and multi-country collaborative research. We also encourage the submission of toxic mechanism and health policy-related manuscripts that focus on issues related to environmental exposures, risk assessment, and the prevention of chemicals-related diseases. We welcome original research papers using different study designs as well as systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Prof. Jin Hee Kim
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • chemical exposure
  • risk assessment
  • disease
  • vulnerable population
  • pathway
  • acute and chronic effects
  • systemic biology
  • toxic mechanism

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2568 KiB  
Article
Endocrine Disruptor Bisphenol a Affects the Neurochemical Profile of Nerve Fibers in the Aortic Arch Wall in the Domestic Pig
by Liliana Rytel, László Könyves and Slawomir Gonkowski
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(10), 5964; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19105964 - 13 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1799
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic compound utilized in industry for the production of various plastics. BPA penetrates into the environment and adversely affects living organisms. Therefore, the influence of various BPA dosages on the neurochemical characteristics of nerve fibers located in the [...] Read more.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic compound utilized in industry for the production of various plastics. BPA penetrates into the environment and adversely affects living organisms. Therefore, the influence of various BPA dosages on the neurochemical characteristics of nerve fibers located in the aortic branch wall was investigated in this study utilizing a double immunofluorescence method. It was found that BPA in concentration of 0.5 mg/kg body weight/day causes a clear increase in the density of nerves within aortic branch walls immunoreactive to cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Nerves containing galanin (GAL) and/or somatostatin (SOM) did not change when BPA was introduced into the system. Changes noted after administration of BPA at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg body weight/day were less visible and concerned fibers immunoreactive to CART, CGRP, and/or PACAP. The obtained results show that BPA affects the neurochemical coding of nerves in the aortic branch wall. These fluctuations may be the first signs of the influence of this substance on blood vessels and may also be at the root of the disturbances in the cardiovascular system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Exposure and Risk Assessment)
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19 pages, 378 KiB  
Article
Modification of PARP4, XRCC3, and RAD51 Gene Polymorphisms on the Relation between Bisphenol A Exposure and Liver Abnormality
by Jin Hee Kim and Yun-Chul Hong
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(8), 2794; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17082794 - 17 Apr 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2274
Abstract
Repair genes may play critical roles in the relationships between environmental exposure and health outcomes. However, no evidence is available about the effect of repair gene polymorphisms on the relationship between bisphenol A (BPA) exposure and liver abnormality. Therefore, we evaluated the effect [...] Read more.
Repair genes may play critical roles in the relationships between environmental exposure and health outcomes. However, no evidence is available about the effect of repair gene polymorphisms on the relationship between bisphenol A (BPA) exposure and liver abnormality. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of nine genotyped polymorphisms in three repair genes, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 4 (PARP4), X-ray repair cross complementing 3 (XRCC3), and RAD51 recombinase (RAD51), on the relationship between BPA exposure and liver abnormality using repeated measures data for an elderly population. A significant association between BPA levels and liver abnormality was found only in elders with the PARP4 G-C-G haplotype, XRCC3 G-A-G haplotype, or RAD51 T-A-A haplotype (odds ratio (OR) = 2.16 and p = 0.0014 for PARP4; OR = 1.57 and p = 0.0249 for XRCC3; OR = 1.43 and p = 0.0422 for RAD51). Particularly, PARP4 and XRCC3 showed significant interactions with BPA exposure in relation to liver abnormality (p < 0.05 for both genes). These results indicate that PARP4, XRCC3, and RAD51 gene polymorphisms have modification effects on the relationship between BPA exposure and liver abnormality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Exposure and Risk Assessment)

Review

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15 pages, 3485 KiB  
Review
Firefighters’ Clothing Contamination in Fires of Electric Vehicle Batteries and Photovoltaic Modules—Literature Review and Pilot Tests Results
by Ewelina Szmytke, Dorota Brzezińska, Waldemar Machnowski and Szymon Kokot
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12442; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191912442 - 29 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3121
Abstract
The electric vehicle (EV) market, together with photovoltaic (PV) installations continues to develop at a pace. However, there are concerns that EV and PV installation fires may create more harmful substances than other types of fire. PV modules and car battery fires emit [...] Read more.
The electric vehicle (EV) market, together with photovoltaic (PV) installations continues to develop at a pace. However, there are concerns that EV and PV installation fires may create more harmful substances than other types of fire. PV modules and car battery fires emit a range of carcinogenic and highly toxic compounds that are not yet fully understood and may pose a threat to firefighters’ health. This also raises the question of the impact on firefighters’ clothing and the safe handling and cleaning after such fires. This article presents a literature and standards review of the firefighters’ protective clothing maintenance and cleaning. It also contains test results showing that firefighters’ clothes accumulate harmful substances after fighting these types of fires. Pilot tests for the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and formaldehyde showed that levels exceeded limits in all clothing samples. For example, the cobalt level was 24 times higher than that considered safe in the test carried out with car battery fire. Although it is recognized that liquid carbon dioxide (LCO2) methods of cleaning may be more effective than traditional water washing, further research on cleaning efficiency for clothing containing substances emitted from car battery and PV modules fires is required. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Exposure and Risk Assessment)
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