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Formative Research for Interventions Addressing Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities
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Formative Research for Interventions Addressing Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Global Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 December 2022) | Viewed by 9414

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Augustine Kang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
Interests: obesity; cardiovascular disease; sleep; physical activity; diet; preventive medicine; behavioral medicine; chronic disease management; opioid use disorder; substance use disorder; community-based participatory research; mixed-methods research

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Current events and significant social movements toward addressing racial and ethnic inequality have highlighted the disproportionate impact of poor health outcomes among racial and ethnic minorities. Communities of color have poorer health outcomes and less-than-ideal clinical care experiences. In response to these health disparities, the scientific literature has seen an increasing number of interventional studies/clinical trials that seek to address these disparities. Formative research is an integral part of intervention development. In light of renewed vigor and interest in addressing racial/ethnic health disparities, this Special Issue seeks submissions of scientific manuscripts that have used qualitative and/or quantitative research methodology to inform the development of an intervention to address racial/ethnic health disparities (papers with a focus on process evaluation may also be considered). The focus of this Special Issue is to highlight the similarities/differences in the intervention development process as we attempt to address a variety of adverse health outcomes among racial/ethnic minorities. The collective lessons learned from this Special Issue will serve as a reference for future intervention development studies.

Dr. Augustine Kang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • health disparities
  • formative research
  • intervention development
  • preventive medicine

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1197 KiB  
Article
Disparities in Breast Cancer Mortality Rates in Israel among Urban and Rural Women
by Ronit Pinchas-Mizrachi, Judith Jacobson Liptz, Beth G. Zalcman and Anat Romem
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 15785; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192315785 - 27 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1296
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of death. There are a number of risk factors for breast cancer mortality including parity, age, ethnicity, genetic history, and place of residence. This study examined the disparities in breast cancer-related mortality rates among women from urban [...] Read more.
Breast cancer is a leading cause of death. There are a number of risk factors for breast cancer mortality including parity, age, ethnicity, genetic history, and place of residence. This study examined the disparities in breast cancer-related mortality rates among women from urban areas compared to rural areas in Israel. This was a retrospective, follow-up study on mortality from breast cancer among 894,608 Israeli women born between the years of 1940 and 1960. Data was collected from the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics, the Population Authority, the Education Ministry, and the Health Ministry. Over 80% of women lived in urban areas. A higher incidence of mortality from breast cancer in Israel was found among urban women compared to rural women (1047.8/100,000 compared to 837/100,000, respectively). Even after adjusting for sociodemographic variables, higher mortality rates were found among women from urban areas in Israel compared to women from rural areas in Israel. It is believed that environmental factors can partially explain the geographic variation of breast cancer incidence, and that breast cancer incidence is likely a complex interaction between genetic, environmental, and health factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Formative Research for Interventions Addressing Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities)
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14 pages, 360 KiB  
Article
Examining the Impact of Race on Motivational Interviewing Implementation and Outcomes with HIV+ Heavy Drinking Men Who Have Sex with Men
by Anthony Surace, David G. Zelaya, Arryn A. Guy, Nadine R. Mastroleo, Ayla Durst, David W. Pantalone, Peter M. Monti, Kenneth H. Mayer and Christopher W. Kahler
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(7), 3930; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19073930 - 25 Mar 2022
Viewed by 2462
Abstract
Motivational interviewing (MI)-based interventions focus on changing behavior through building client motivation. It is unknown how racial mismatch between clients and providers may impact MI implementation and subsequent behavior. We used a mixed methods approach to examine differences in Motivational Interviewing Skill Code [...] Read more.
Motivational interviewing (MI)-based interventions focus on changing behavior through building client motivation. It is unknown how racial mismatch between clients and providers may impact MI implementation and subsequent behavior. We used a mixed methods approach to examine differences in Motivational Interviewing Skill Code (MISC) coded sessions and post-session outcomes between a sample of HIV-positive cisgender men who have sex with men (MSM) participants of an MI-based intervention to reduce heavy drinking who identified as persons of color (POC; n = 19) and a matched sample of White participants (n = 19). We used quantitative methods to analyze how providers implemented the intervention (i.e., MISC codes) and post-session drinking. We used qualitative analyses of session transcripts to examine content not captured by MISC coding. Quantitative analyses showed that providers asked fewer open-ended questions and had a lower ratio of complex reflections to simple reflections when working with POC participants, but no significant differences were observed in drinking post-intervention between participants. Qualitative analyses revealed that participants discussed how racial and sexual orientation discrimination impacted their drinking. Allowing clients to share their experiences and to explore individually meaningful reasons for behavioral change may be more important than strict adherence to MI techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Formative Research for Interventions Addressing Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities)

Other

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5 pages, 326 KiB  
Commentary
Teaching of the Black Population’s Health: Anti-Racist Lenses for a Paradigm Shift to Address Racial Inequities
by Ana Paula Borges Carrijo, Anna Luísa Dias Bastos de Moura, Augusto Cézar Polveiro e Oliveira, Lígia Villela Rodrigues, Janaina de Oliveira, Thiago Figueiredo de Castro, Odete Messa Torres, Katia Crestine Poças and Rodolfo Deusdará
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(24), 16784; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192416784 - 14 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1102
Abstract
Health (and its dialectical pair—illness) is determined by multiple factors: social class, educational background, income, occupation, and race/skin color. Racism can directly impact physical and psychological illnesses, with an effect on social conditions of health. This paper discusses: (1) racism as a root [...] Read more.
Health (and its dialectical pair—illness) is determined by multiple factors: social class, educational background, income, occupation, and race/skin color. Racism can directly impact physical and psychological illnesses, with an effect on social conditions of health. This paper discusses: (1) racism as a root cause of health inequities in Brazil and elsewhere, and (2) how students at the University of Brasilia School of Medicine respond to an anti-racist curriculum. We emphasize that an environment of profound exchanges in the teaching–learning process, adopting anti-racism praxis as a competency in the medical curriculum, is a paradigm shift in medical education and future practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Formative Research for Interventions Addressing Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities)
14 pages, 378 KiB  
Perspective
Black Women Faculty and Administrators Navigating COVID-19, Social Unrest, and Academia: Challenges and Strategies
by Anuli Njoku and Marian Evans
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(4), 2220; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19042220 - 16 Feb 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3719
Abstract
Black women faculty and administrators in the United States are tackling a force of socioeconomic and racial disparities, emotional tolls and invisible burdens within academia, political turmoil, social unrest, and public health crises. COVID-19 has added an additional layer related to work responsibilities, [...] Read more.
Black women faculty and administrators in the United States are tackling a force of socioeconomic and racial disparities, emotional tolls and invisible burdens within academia, political turmoil, social unrest, and public health crises. COVID-19 has added an additional layer related to work responsibilities, the overall well-being of Black women faculty and administrators and the diverse students they encounter, and management of work and home responsibilities. This paper discusses perspectives and evidence-based strategies regarding Black women faculty and administrators who navigate academia and teach during times of COVID-19 and social unrest. We also outline strategies for university leaders to mitigate cultural and racial gaps in the classroom or workplace and foster diversity and inclusion in academia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Formative Research for Interventions Addressing Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities)
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