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Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Oral Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 115417

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Kelvin Ian Afrashtehfar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
2. Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Interests: reconstructive dentistry; prosthetic dentistry; aesthetic dentistry; cosmetic dentistry; laminate veneers; implant dentistry; digital dentistry; implant surgery; evidence-based dentistry; medical education
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oral health has been recognized as being strongly related to systemic health and overall well-being. The value of integrating oral and general healthcare systems in practice is still developing. A synergy of societal and individual public health campaigns is needed to reduce oral health inequalities. This is important for the prevention of caries and periodontal (gum) disease. Technology has also become an essential tool for delivering more predictable treatment for optimal oral rehabilitation. Policymakers should take hygiene habits into consideration, without forgetting about the socioeconomic and socio-psychological determinants of lifestyle and health. In most countries, care-delivery models and financing for oral health are frequently more restricted than for medical care. Indeed, the cost of accessing a dental care provider can be a barrier. Thus, there is a need to improve the affordability of dental care.

This Special Issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) focuses on the current state of knowledge on the advances in oral health and health promotion research. New research papers, reviews, case reports, and conference papers are welcome to this Issue. Other accepted manuscript types include methodological papers, position papers, techniques, brief reports, and commentaries.

This Issue accepts manuscripts from disciplines including medicine (otorhinolaryngology, head and neck cancer, gerontology, plastic surgery, pediatrics, etc.), epidemiology (health research, policymaking, health service planning, health promotion, clinical care), dental medicine (operative dentistry, restorative dentistry, pediatric dentistry, oral oncology, oral pathology, maxillofacial prosthodontics, orthodontics, implant dentistry, oral surgery, maxillofacial surgery, gerodontology, cariology, periodontology, dental public health), risk and health impact assessment, management and intervention studies, underserved or marginalized populations (Indigenous populations, veterans, social assistance recipients, minorities, low-income people, people with disabilities or special needs), and evidence-based practice (preventive, diagnostic, interventional).

Dr. Kelvin Ian Afrashtehfar
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • digital technology
  • community dentistry
  • evidence-based practice
  • epidemiology
  • immunology
  • health care
  • health inequalities
  • health services
  • geriatrics
  • oncology
  • oral rehabilitation
  • public health

Published Papers (47 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 276 KiB  
Editorial
Health and Well-Being through COVID-19 Vaccination: Physical, Oral, and Psychological Effects
by Kelvin I. Afrashtehfar, Carlos A. Jurado, Salem H. Abu-Fanas and Mohamed A. Jaber
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 3117; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph20043117 - 10 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1219
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its evolving variants have spurred a worldwide effort to control its transmission and reduce its impact [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
5 pages, 289 KiB  
Editorial
Consequences of COVID-19 and Its Variants: Understanding the Physical, Oral, and Psychological Impact
by Kelvin I. Afrashtehfar, Carlos A. Jurado, Amaweya Al-Sammarraie and Musab H. Saeed
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 3099; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph20043099 - 10 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1458
Abstract
The highly infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which affects the lives of people worldwide in a variety of unprecedented ways [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review, Other

11 pages, 536 KiB  
Article
Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Correlates of Dental Anxiety among a Group of Adult Patients Attending Dental Outpatient Clinics: A Study from UAE
by Al Batool Omer Alansaari, Abdelrahman Tawfik, Mohamed A. Jaber, Amar Hassan Khamis and Essra Mohamed Elameen
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(12), 6118; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph20126118 - 13 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1546
Abstract
Objectives: The aims of this paper were twofold: first, to evaluate dental anxiety levels among patients undergoing oral surgery procedures; second, to assess how dental anxiety and fear are connected to age, gender, educational background, past traumatic experiences, and the frequency of dental [...] Read more.
Objectives: The aims of this paper were twofold: first, to evaluate dental anxiety levels among patients undergoing oral surgery procedures; second, to assess how dental anxiety and fear are connected to age, gender, educational background, past traumatic experiences, and the frequency of dental appointments. Methods: A cross-sectional Likert-scale questionnaire survey was conducted to collect quantitative data from 206 patients at the Oral Surgery Clinics at Dubai Dental Clinics, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were tested using Cronbach’s alpha. The normality of the MDAS score was tested using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The chi square and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to determine the association between categorical variables. Descriptive statistics were used to describe continuous and categorical variables. The statistical significance was set at p-value ≤ 0.05. Results: The evaluation of the degree of dental anxiety among patients who visited the Dubai Dental clinics revealed that there was a considerably high level of moderate or high anxiety (72.3%). Tooth extraction and dental surgery procedures (95%), followed by local anesthetic injection in the gingiva (85%) and teeth drilling (70%), were the primary causes of anxiety, whereas scaling and polishing resulted in the lowest degree of anxiety (35%). There was no substantial difference in dental anxiety between male and female patients or among patients with different marital statuses. A total of 70% of patients preferred the tell-show-do method, whereas 65% chose communication strategies to reduce dental anxiety. Conclusions: The evaluation of the degree of dental anxiety among patients who visited Dubai Dental clinics revealed that there was a considerably high level of anxiety. Tooth extraction and dental surgery procedures, followed by local anesthetic injection and teeth drilling, were the primary causes of anxiety, whereas scaling and polishing resulted in the lowest degree of anxiety. Despite the use of a modified anxiety scale and a large and representative sample of oral surgery patients, more research is necessary to investigate the impact of various factors on dental anxiety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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14 pages, 371 KiB  
Article
Web-Based Interventions Reduced Dental Anxiety among Adults in Lithuania and Norway: A Pilot Study
by Lina Stangvaltaite-Mouhat, Indre Stankeviciene, Sigrid Sofia Sanchez Martinussen, Vytautas Sabataitis, Camilla Sandjord, Ingrid Toresen, Marianne Stoltenberg Tryggestad, Alina Puriene and Jan-Are Kolset Johnsen
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 3343; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph20043343 - 14 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1169
Abstract
Dental anxiety (DA) is a prevalent public health issue. However, there is a lack of self-administered DA interventions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of web-based interventions aiming to reduce DA in adults in two European countries. A [...] Read more.
Dental anxiety (DA) is a prevalent public health issue. However, there is a lack of self-administered DA interventions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of web-based interventions aiming to reduce DA in adults in two European countries. A pretest posttest design was used. Tailor-made websites were developed in Lithuania and Norway. Volunteers who self-reported DA were invited to participate. DA levels measured by the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) were assessed at baseline and after two weeks via online questionnaires. The interventions were completed by 34 participants in Lithuania and 35 participants in Norway. In Lithuania, the median posttest MDAS score (9.5, IQR 5.25) decreased compared to the median pretest MDAS score (14.5, IQR 8; Z value = −4.246, p < 0.001). The same was found in Norway—the median posttest MDAS score (12, IQR 9) was lower compared to the median pretest MDAS score (15, IQR 7; Z value = −3.818, p < 0.001). The present study demonstrated that two tailor-made web-based interventions had the potential to reduce dental anxiety levels when assessed in the short term in Lithuania and Norway. Studies with more controlled designs assessing long-term outcomes are needed to validate the results of this pilot study also in other cultures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
9 pages, 320 KiB  
Article
Risk Factors Associated with Children Receiving Treatment at Emergency Dental Clinics: A Case-Control Study
by Heba Jafar Sabbagh, Nuha Hamdi Albeladi, Nadeen Zouhair Altabsh and Nada Othman Bamashmous
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(2), 1188; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph20021188 - 09 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1172
Abstract
(1) Background: The process of managing children at the emergency dental clinic (ER-C) is a difficult challenge. This matched case-control study assessed risk factors associated with children visiting the ER-C compared to visits at the regular dental clinic (RD-C). (2) Methods: The participants [...] Read more.
(1) Background: The process of managing children at the emergency dental clinic (ER-C) is a difficult challenge. This matched case-control study assessed risk factors associated with children visiting the ER-C compared to visits at the regular dental clinic (RD-C). (2) Methods: The participants included 421 children aged three to 12 years who were recruited at the ER-C (cases) and RD-C (controls) at King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital, with each group matched for gender and age. A data-collection form was developed and validated in both Arabic and English, containing the following four sections: DMFT/dmft index, Frankl’s behaviour rating scale, Dental Neglect Scale, and Dental Care Barriers questionnaire. (3) Results: The ER-C (vs RD-C) group showed significantly more uncooperative behaviour (p = 0.002), a higher total mean dental neglect score (p = 0.003), and a higher dental barrier score (p < 0.001). Binary regression analysis showed that those making their first visit (AOR: 2.65, p < 0.001) and with higher dental barriers (AOR: 1.121, p < 0.001) were statistically significantly more associated with ER-C visitation. (4) Conclusion: These findings suggest that children who visit the ER-C are more prone to dental care barriers, uncooperative behaviour, and dental neglect, thus highlighting the importance of encouraging and planning their attendance to ensure optimal dental care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
11 pages, 1205 KiB  
Article
A Critical Evaluation of the Undergraduate Endodontic Teaching in Dental Colleges of Saudi Arabia
by Mohammed A. Alobaid, Saeed Awod Bin Hassan, Ali H. Alfarhan, Salma Ali, Mohammad Shahul Hameed and Sadatullah Syed
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 15534; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192315534 - 23 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1645
Abstract
Background: The purpose of the research was to evaluate the content and delivery of the undergraduate endodontic curriculum. Methods: A needs assessment survey was distributed among the Deans of all the dental colleges in Saudi Arabia. Results: The response rate was 72%. All [...] Read more.
Background: The purpose of the research was to evaluate the content and delivery of the undergraduate endodontic curriculum. Methods: A needs assessment survey was distributed among the Deans of all the dental colleges in Saudi Arabia. Results: The response rate was 72%. All the colleges include foundational and advanced topics in their curriculum. Didactic lectures, clinical cases, self-directed learning assignments and projects, and videos are the most common teaching methods, whereas virtual learning and reading list are the least popular methods. The average staff-to-student ratio for preclinical and clinical training is 1:6 and 1:7, respectively. Eighty-six percent of colleges utilize dedicated endodontic clinics supervised by specialized endodontists. Eighty percent of colleges use simple cases for canal preparation and obturation. Most colleges do not use magnification and ultrasonic instruments. Saline and sodium hypochlorite are preferred irrigation solutions, whereas calcium hydroxide is the preferred inter-visit medicament. Many use MTA as an advanced material, calcium hydroxide as an inter-visit medicament, and provisional restoration after RCT. Conclusion: The content and delivery of the endodontic undergraduate curriculum are primarily uniform. The use of specialist endodontists dedicated endodontic clinics, rotary instruments, and advanced materials have emerged as curricular strengths. However, diversification of teaching strategies, use of magnification instruments, and an increase in the minimum number of endodontically treated teeth are leading areas demanding curricular improvement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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8 pages, 318 KiB  
Article
Effectiveness of Smart Applications of Oral Hygiene Instructions on Periodontal Health Compared to Oral Information: A Prospective Study
by Dhafer Alasmari, Mazen Sulaiman Alkhalaf, Saeed Maeed Alqahtani, Nasser Raqe Alqhtani, Abdullah Saad Alqahtani, Khalid Gufran and Yasser Khaled Alotaibi
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(22), 14703; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192214703 - 09 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1503
Abstract
Nowadays, smartphone applications are widely used in different areas of life, including medical science. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a smartphone application of oral hygiene instructions (OHI) on periodontal health compared to the traditional chairside OHI. All the participants [...] Read more.
Nowadays, smartphone applications are widely used in different areas of life, including medical science. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a smartphone application of oral hygiene instructions (OHI) on periodontal health compared to the traditional chairside OHI. All the participants (n = 39) were divided into two groups: control group and test group. Participants of the control group were given verbal OHI and participants of the test group were asked to use a smartphone application to upkeep their oral habits. The gingival index (GI) and Quigley–Hein Turesky modification index (QHTMI) were used for scoring the plaque accumulation at baseline and after one month of the periodontal treatment. A paired t-test and an independent t-test were performed to compare the mean of GI and QHTMI between intra-group and inter-group, respectively. The paired t-test showed significant differences in GI and QHTMI improvement after one month in both groups. Moreover, the independent t-test showed no significant differences between the two groups. However, the test group showed a lower mean score in GI and QHTMI assessments compared to the control group. Smartphone applications in oral health applications did not exhibit any superiority in periodontal health over the traditional OHI method in the current study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
11 pages, 609 KiB  
Article
Communication Management Processes of Dentists Providing Healthcare for Migrants with Limited Japanese Proficiency
by Rintaro Imafuku, Yukiko Nagatani and Masaki Shoji
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(22), 14672; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192214672 - 08 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1604
Abstract
Low health literacy results in health inequity are linked with poor adherence to medical care. In the globalized Japanese context, the number of migrants with Japanese as a second language is increasing year after year. Since limited Japanese proficiency may pose a greater [...] Read more.
Low health literacy results in health inequity are linked with poor adherence to medical care. In the globalized Japanese context, the number of migrants with Japanese as a second language is increasing year after year. Since limited Japanese proficiency may pose a greater health risk, dentists are expected to manage cross-cultural communication and provide dental care to foreign patients. This study explored dentists’ experiences of treating patients with limited Japanese proficiencies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 community dentists and the qualitative data were analyzed through a thematic analysis approach. Their major challenges were classified into three themes—linguistic aspect (e.g., complicated explanation regarding root canal treatment), sociolinguistic aspect (e.g., communication with foreign residents with limited dental knowledge), and sociocultural aspect (e.g., cultural differences in their dental aesthetics and insurance treatment system). Several management strategies were employed, including linguistic accommodation, avoidance of complexities, use of various communication tools, and getting help from others. However, they were unsatisfied with their practice because they could not understand the patients’ psychosocial aspects due to incomplete communication. These findings provided insights into dentists’ practice in the globalized context. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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13 pages, 688 KiB  
Article
Knowledge and Attitudes of Saudi Medical Students about Emergency Management of Traumatic Dental Injuries
by Sanaa N. Al-Haj Ali, Ra’fat I. Farah and Serene Alhariqi
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(21), 14249; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192114249 - 31 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1264
Abstract
Several studies indicate that physicians lack emergency management knowledge concerning traumatic dental injuries (TDIs), emphasizing the fact that medical students are not taught about this topic. This study aimed to assess the basic knowledge and attitudes of medical students in Saudi Arabia about [...] Read more.
Several studies indicate that physicians lack emergency management knowledge concerning traumatic dental injuries (TDIs), emphasizing the fact that medical students are not taught about this topic. This study aimed to assess the basic knowledge and attitudes of medical students in Saudi Arabia about emergency TDI management. This cross-sectional study recruited a convenience sample of medical students in their clinical years through social networking sites and asked them to answer a pretested internationally accepted questionnaire that included demographic questions, two case scenarios about crown fractures and avulsion of permanent teeth, and self-assessment questions. The data were analyzed statistically using descriptive statistics and the chi-squared test (p < 0.05). A total of 761 medical students responded. Only 5.8% of the students reported receiving information about TDIs in their curriculum. Medical students, mainly those ready to graduate, were more knowledgeable of the emergency management of a crown fractured permanent tooth than an avulsed permanent tooth (p < 0.0001). However, more than half of the students were unable to differentiate between a primary versus permanent fractured tooth and would manage an avulsed primary or permanent tooth similarly. Regarding students’ attitudes, less than one-quarter of the students (13.5%) were confident about diagnosing TDIs and/or providing emergency management when required (18.1%). Furthermore, only about one-tenth of the students (9.3%) were satisfied with their self-perceived knowledge, and most (71%) reported needing further education about the topic. Medical students in Saudi Arabia have insufficient knowledge about the emergency management of TDIs. Gaps in students’ knowledge of emergency management of avulsion injury were identified in addition to their low confidence level to either diagnose or immediately treat TDIs if required. Students felt dissatisfied with their current knowledge level, this being most prominent among graduating students. There is a need to elaborate the undergraduate medical curriculum in Saudi Arabia to include emergency management of TDIs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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11 pages, 329 KiB  
Article
Oral Health Needs and Barriers among Children in Saudi Arabia
by Heba Jafar Sabbagh, Sarah Abdullah Aljehani, Bayan Mohammed Abdulaziz, Nada Zafer Alshehri, Maryam Omar Bajkhaif, Shatha Khalid Alrosini, Reham Mohammed Al-Amoudi and Heba Mohamed Elkhodary
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(20), 13584; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192013584 - 20 Oct 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2211
Abstract
(1) Background: Understanding oral health needs and barriers is important to overcome the oral disease burden, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to assess oral health needs and barriers among Saudi children after the COVID-19 pandemic wave started. [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Understanding oral health needs and barriers is important to overcome the oral disease burden, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to assess oral health needs and barriers among Saudi children after the COVID-19 pandemic wave started. (2) Methods: Parents of healthy children aged 3–11 years from five regions of Saudi Arabia were surveyed using an electronically administered validated questionnaire from Febuary-2021 to July-2021. Oral lesions/manifestations during the last 12 months reported by parents included tooth discoloration, ulcers, abscess, swelling of the gingiva, halitosis, gingival bleeding, dry mouth, pain while eating, difficulty in speaking or eating, burning sensation, and white spots. Barriers were assessed according to the WHO Oral Health Questionnaire. (3) Results: Children experiencing toothaches were reported by 1098 (72.4%) respondents. When reported, oral manifestations and lesions were associated with a higher inability to visit a dentist (p < 0.001). Barriers to dental care were more frequent among parents with lower education (p < 0.001; adjusted-odds ratio (AOR), 1.815) and a greater number of children (p < 0.001; AOR, 1.197). (4) Conclusion: Parents reported a high frequency of unmet oral health needs. Education could play an important role in improving oral health care in children and as a predictor of public health concerns. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
8 pages, 325 KiB  
Article
Traumatic Dental Injuries among 12-Year-Old Schoolchildren in the United Arab Emirates
by Raghad Hashim, Hebah Alhammadi, Sudhir Varma and Alexander Luke
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(20), 13032; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192013032 - 11 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1309
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of the factors related to traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors of 12-year-old children in the Emirate of Ajman, United Arab Emirates. Methods: A sample of 1008 12-year-old children (510 boys and 498 girls) participated [...] Read more.
Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of the factors related to traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors of 12-year-old children in the Emirate of Ajman, United Arab Emirates. Methods: A sample of 1008 12-year-old children (510 boys and 498 girls) participated in this study. A multi-stage randomized sampling technique was used to select children from public schools for their inclusion in the sample population. An oral examination was completed by a calibrated examiner after receiving training for traumatic dental injury (TDI) to permanent incisor teeth utilizing a modified version of Ellis’s classification. Data that were related to sociodemographic factors, TDI causes, and where the TDI took place were recorded using a structured questionnaire. Results: Of all of the children that were examined, 9.8% of them had experienced dental trauma. The difference in TDI prevalence between boys (15.9%) and girls (3.9%) was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The children whose mothers had low levels of education experienced a higher prevalence of TDI (p = 0.001). The children with incisal overjets that were greater than 5 mm or with inadequate lip coverage tended to have experienced dental injuries (p < 0.01). The main causes of injury to permanent incisors were collision against an object or person (53.5%) and falling (42.4%). Most of the accidents happened at home (58.6%) and school (25.3%). The most prevalent injuries were enamel fractures (58.7%) and enamel-dentine fractures (34.3%). Conclusions: This research highlighted many predisposing factors for traumatic dental injuries among children. There is an urgent need to initiate detailed public health policies to decrease the prevalence of dental trauma cases, especially in the identified risk group. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
10 pages, 521 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Whole Salivary Cortisol and Interleukin 1-Beta Levels in Light Cigarette-Smokers and Users of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems before and after Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy
by Abdulkareem A. Alhumaidan, Khulud A. Al-Aali, Fahim Vohra, Fawad Javed and Tariq Abduljabbar
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(18), 11290; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191811290 - 08 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1446
Abstract
There are no studies that have compared whole salivary cortisol (CL) and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) levels in cigarette-smokers (CS) and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS)-users before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). The aim was to compare whole salivary CL and IL-1β levels [...] Read more.
There are no studies that have compared whole salivary cortisol (CL) and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) levels in cigarette-smokers (CS) and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS)-users before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). The aim was to compare whole salivary CL and IL-1β levels in light CS and ENDS users before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Self-reported current CS, ENDS users, and non-smokers were included. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic data. All patients underwent NSPT. Periodontal parameters (probing depth (PD], gingival index (GI], clinical attachment loss (AL], plaque index (PI], and marginal bone loss (MBL]) and whole salivary CL and IL-1β were measured at baseline. At 3-months of follow-up, clinical parameters and whole salivary CL and IL-1β were re-assessed. p-values < 1% were arbitrated as statistically significant. Fifty-four individuals (18 CS, 18 ENDS users, and 18 non-smokers) were included. Clinical AL, MT, PD, PI, and MBL were similar in all groups at baseline. At 12-weeks of follow-up, PI (p < 0.01) and PD (p < 0.01) were high in CS and ENDS-users than non-smokers. Among non-smokers, there was a statistically significant correlation between whole salivary cortisol and IL-1β levels at 12-weeks’ follow-up (p < 0.001). There was no difference in whole salivary cortisol and IL-1β levels in CS and ENDS users at baseline and at 12-weeks follow-up. At 12-weeks of follow-up, there was a significant reduction in IL-1β (p < 0.01) and CL (p < 0.01) than baseline. In light CS and ENDS users without periodontal disease, clinical periodontal parameters and whole-salivary CL and Il-1β levels remain unchanged after NSPT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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12 pages, 1637 KiB  
Article
A Prospective Comparative Analysis Regarding the Assessment of Oral Mucosal Disease Using a Validated Questionnaire to Improve the Teaching of Dental Students
by Nico Roeschmann, Andrea Rau, Marco R. Kesting, Eva Maier and Mayte Buchbender
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(15), 9663; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19159663 - 05 Aug 2022
Viewed by 1232
Abstract
Structured examination and treatment are essential in medicine. For dental students, a structured approach to the assessment of oral mucosal lesions is missing thus far. To validate an approach, a structured questionnaire was compared with the habitually used free description of oral lesions [...] Read more.
Structured examination and treatment are essential in medicine. For dental students, a structured approach to the assessment of oral mucosal lesions is missing thus far. To validate an approach, a structured questionnaire was compared with the habitually used free description of oral lesions (white lesions, ulcers, hyperplasia). Thirty-three dental students were divided into two groups (Group 1 (n = 17) used the free description; Group 2 (n = 16) used a guided questionnaire) to characterize mucosal lesions in patients and make a tentative diagnosis. Although no difference was found between the groups regarding the suspected diagnosis or the histopathological findings, there was a significant advantage of the structured questionnaire in all aspects of the description compared to the free description (p = 0.000018). Thus, a structured description is an important aspect in the evaluation of oral mucosal changes, and a guided questionnaire should be implemented in the study of dentistry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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16 pages, 1257 KiB  
Article
Validation of the Simplified Malaysian Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire for the Sociodental Approach to Estimate the Orthodontic Treatment Need
by Wan Nurazreena Wan Hassan, Mohd Zambri Mohamed Makhbul, Siti Adibah Othman and Zamros Yuzadi Mohd Yusof
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(14), 8665; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19148665 - 16 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1450
Abstract
(1) This study aimed to generate a simplified form of the Malaysian psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire (PIDAQ[M]) and validate its use in the sociodental approach for estimating orthodontic treatment need. (2) Two eight-item forms were derived: an impact simplified PIDAQ[M] (ISP8), [...] Read more.
(1) This study aimed to generate a simplified form of the Malaysian psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire (PIDAQ[M]) and validate its use in the sociodental approach for estimating orthodontic treatment need. (2) Two eight-item forms were derived: an impact simplified PIDAQ[M] (ISP8), comprising the most impactful items as rated by 35 participants, and a regression simplified PIDAQ[M] (RSP8), derived from regression analysis of 590 participants’ data from the PIDAQ[M] validation study. Their psychometric performances were assessed for internal consistency, validity (criterion and construct), reproducibility (reliability and agreement), and responsiveness to change. The sociodental estimates were based on 204 orthodontic patients’ data who were assessed for normative need, impact-related need, and propensity-related need. McNemar analysis compared the sociodental estimates when both simplified PIDAQ[M] forms and the original PIDAQ[M] were used to measure impact-related need. (3) Both simplified PIDAQ[M] forms were valid, reproducible, and responsive. The sociodental estimates when using the ISP8 (38.2%) were similar to when the PIDAQ[M] (35.8%) was used (p > 0.05) but overestimated by 3.4% (p < 0.05) when the RSP8 (39.2%) was used as the assessment tool. (4) The simplified PIDAQ[M] can replace the original PIDAQ[M] in the sociodental approach to estimate the orthodontic treatment needs of the Malaysian population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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11 pages, 850 KiB  
Article
What Counts for the Old and Oldest Old?—An Analysis of Patient Criteria for Choosing a Dentist—Part II: Personal Characteristics and Soft Skills
by Ina Nitschke, Thomas Ulbrich, Annett Schrock, Werner Hopfenmüller and Julia Jockusch
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(14), 8621; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19148621 - 15 Jul 2022
Viewed by 1256
Abstract
Soft skills include communication skills and personality traits that are important when choosing a dentist, but other factors within the dental office also seem to be important for patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate factors that are important to people [...] Read more.
Soft skills include communication skills and personality traits that are important when choosing a dentist, but other factors within the dental office also seem to be important for patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate factors that are important to people in a dentist as well as characteristics of the ideal dentist and to evaluate possible age-, gender-, and residence of living specific differences. A telephone survey with participants aged 35 years or older (ag—age group: ag 1: 35–50 years, ag 2: 70–84 years, ag 3: >85 years) in three German cities was conducted. Data were analyzed with respect to gender and age. Most of the participants (n = 298, 64.2%), regardless of their own gender, age, or place of residence did not care about the gender of the dentist. In general, the price of the treatment does not play a role in choosing the ideal dentist. Women differ significantly from men in their choice of dentist (ANOVA p < 0.001 (preference of non-smoker), ANOVA p < 0.001 (preference, that the dentist does not smell of smoke, importance of appearance (ANOVA p < 0.001) and psycho-social skills, etc.). As age increases, professional experience and psycho-social competencies are rated as important. With the increase in age, the mean value of the desired years of professional experience increases without significant differences between age groups. The importance of advanced training (ANOVA p < 0.001; Bonferoni correction: significant difference between ag 1 and ag 2 p < 0.001, and ag 1 and ag 3 p < 0.001) decreases with age. Especially for participants aged 70 to 84 years, a relationship of trust is important. Between the places of residence, statistical differences for almost all surveyed items were found (e.g., importance that the dentist speaks the patients’ native language ANOVA p < 0.001, Bonferoni correction: significant difference between Berlin and Leipzig, Berlin and Mainz, and Leipzig and Mainz (each p < 0.001), dentist has a specialization ANOVA p < 0.001, Bonferoni correction: significant difference between Berlin and Leipzig and Berlin and Mainz (each p < 0.001), etc.). Dentists should be trained to develop psycho-social skills to meet the special demands of the increasing older population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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15 pages, 371 KiB  
Article
What Counts for the Old and Oldest Old?—An Analysis of Patient Criteria for Choosing a Dentist—Part I: Awareness and Selection Criteria, Infrastructure, and Dental Office Equipment
by Ina Nitschke, Richard von Chlingensperg, Annett Schrock, Werner Hopfenmüller and Julia Jockusch
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(14), 8307; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19148307 - 07 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1098
Abstract
Utilization of a dentist is influenced by many factors. The aim of this study is to present the factors relating to how patients become aware of a dentist, according to which criteria they select the dentist, and which factors in the infrastructure, equipment [...] Read more.
Utilization of a dentist is influenced by many factors. The aim of this study is to present the factors relating to how patients become aware of a dentist, according to which criteria they select the dentist, and which factors in the infrastructure, equipment of dental offices, and human interactions are important for patients. A telephone survey with 466 participants (female 59.9%) in three age groups (ag 1: 35–50 years, ag 2: 70–84 years, ag 3: >85 years) in three German cities was conducted. Data were analyzed with respect to age, gender, and place of residence. Hardly any differences in the selection of the dentist and the selection criteria applied were found between the sexes, the age groups, or the places of residence. Recommendation seems to be the major aspect regarding how patients become aware of or select their dentist (n = 278, 65.6%), while modern technologies, e.g., the internet, play a subordinate role (n = 31, 7.3%). The unimportance of modern technologies increases significantly with the increase in age. As age increases, factors such as infrastructure (e.g., elevator available (ANOVA p < 0.001; Bonferoni correction: significant differences between ag 1 and ag 2 p < 0.001, ag 1 and ag 3 p < 0.001, and ag 2 and ag 3 p = 0.009); accessibility by wheelchair (ANOVA p < 0.001; Bonferoni correction: significant differences between ag 1 and ag 2 p = 0.006; and ag 1 and ag 3 p < 0.001); etc.) and dental office equipment become significantly important and influence the choice of dentist, while the importance of good parking facilities significantly decreased with age (ANOVA p = 0.003; Bonferoni correction: significant differences between ag 1 and ag 3 p = 0.004, and ag 2 and ag 3 p = 0.023). With increasing age, e.g., the importance of a television in the waiting room (ANOVA p = 0.012; Bonferoni correction: significant differences between ag 1 and ag 3 p = 0.014; and ag 2 and ag 3 p = 0.011), a modern waiting room (ANOVA p < 0.001; Bonferoni correction: significant differences between ag 1 and ag 3 p < 0.001; and ag 2 and ag 3 p < 0.001) or the possibility to visualize the oral situation on a screen decreases significantly (ANOVA p < 0.001; Bonferoni correction: significant differences between ag 1 and ag 2 p < 0.001; ag 1 and ag 3 p < 0.001, and ag 2 and ag 3 p < 0.001). If dentists want to welcome and treat older people, they should adapt the accessibility, infrastructure and equipment of their practice to the needs of older people in order to be able to guarantee continuous lifelong dental care regardless of the need for assistance or care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
10 pages, 824 KiB  
Article
Barriers and Motivations to Provide Dental Care to Adult Patients with Movement Disorders
by Natalia S. Rozas, Hillary D. Strassner, June M. Sadowsky and Cameron B. Jeter
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(9), 5256; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19095256 - 26 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1598
Abstract
Patients with movement disorders, like Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases, tend to have poor oral health. Although contributing factors have been proposed, the willingness and ability of dentists to treat this patient population are still unknown. Our objective is to understand the current barriers [...] Read more.
Patients with movement disorders, like Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases, tend to have poor oral health. Although contributing factors have been proposed, the willingness and ability of dentists to treat this patient population are still unknown. Our objective is to understand the current barriers and motivations of dentists to treat this patient population as a path to improved care and quality of life. A total of 176 dentists in Texas were surveyed through a structured questionnaire which contained both closed and open-ended questions. Nearly 30% of participants reported having no barriers to treating these patients and 26.7% reported that no such patients have visited their practice. Barriers reported included lack of education on the topic (17.6%) and longer appointments than average (14.8%). A main motivation to treat these patients was more training and education on the subject (38.6%). Poor oral health in patients with movement disorders may not be due to barriers encountered by dentists, but rather encountered by patients, such as access to and use of dental treatment. General dentists are willing to provide care for adult patients with movement disorders and continuing education for these providers is preferred over referral to a specialist. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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11 pages, 2338 KiB  
Article
The Usage of an Air Purifier Device with HEPA 14 Filter during Dental Procedures in COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Clinical Trial
by Paolo Capparè, Raffaele D’Ambrosio, Renato De Cunto, Atanaz Darvizeh, Matteo Nagni and Enrico Gherlone
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(9), 5139; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19095139 - 23 Apr 2022
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 2936
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of an air purifier device (professional XXl inn-561 innoliving) with HEPA 14 filter in reducing the number of suspended particles generated during dental procedures as a vector of COVID-19 transmission. The survey [...] Read more.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of an air purifier device (professional XXl inn-561 innoliving) with HEPA 14 filter in reducing the number of suspended particles generated during dental procedures as a vector of COVID-19 transmission. The survey was conducted on 80 individuals who underwent Oral Surgery with dental Hygiene Procedures, divided into two groups based on the operational risk classification related to dental procedures: a Test Group (with application of filtering device) and a Control Group (without filtering device). All procedures were monitored throughout the clinical controls, utilising professional tools such as molecular particle counters (Lasair III 350 L 9.50 L/min), bacteriological plates (Tryptic Soy Agar), sound meters for LAFp sound pressure level (SPL) and LCpk instantaneous peak level. The rate of suspended particles, microbiological pollution and noise pollution were calculated. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis method. The results showed the higher efficacy of the TEST Group on pollution abatement, 83% more than the Control fgroup. Additionally, the contamination was reduced by 69–80%. Noise pollution was not noticeable compared to the sounds already present in the clinical environment. The addition of PAC equipment to the already existing safety measures was found to be significantly effective in further microbiological risk reduction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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14 pages, 1593 KiB  
Article
Lateral Alveolar Ridge Augmentation with Autologous Dentin of Periodontally Compromised Teeth: A Retrospective Study
by Michael Korsch, Marco Peichl and Andreas Bartols
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(8), 4560; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19084560 - 10 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1586
Abstract
Tooth shell technique (TST) using autologous dentine is possible with lateral ridge augmentation while avoiding a donor region. This study aimed to clarify whether the use of periodontally compromised teeth (PCT) leads to similar results compared to non-periodontally compromised teeth (NPCT). In this [...] Read more.
Tooth shell technique (TST) using autologous dentine is possible with lateral ridge augmentation while avoiding a donor region. This study aimed to clarify whether the use of periodontally compromised teeth (PCT) leads to similar results compared to non-periodontally compromised teeth (NPCT). In this retrospective study, the dentin matrix of 41 patients (PCT: n = 19 with 29 implants; NPCT: n = 22, with 29 implants) was used for TST. All cases were re-examined. Outcome parameters were biological complications, horizontal hard tissue loss, osseointegration, and the integrity of the buccal lamella. Only in one case in the PCT group, a graft was lost. In three cases, minor complications were identified, including two cases of wound dehiscence and one case of inflammation with suppuration (PCT: n = 1, NPCT: n = 3). All implants, except the one with the severe complication, were osseointegrated and the integrity of the buccal bone lamella was preserved. Mean difference of the resorption of the crestal width and the buccal lamella did not differ statistically between the two groups. TST using PCT showed results comparable to those of NPCT in terms of complications and graft resorption. Processed dentin matrix from PCT can be used and applied with predictable results for bone grafting, utilizing TST. Full article
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13 pages, 3633 KiB  
Article
A Basic Study for Predicting Dysphagia in Panoramic X-ray Images Using Artificial Intelligence (AI)—Part 1: Determining Evaluation Factors and Cutoff Levels
by Yukiko Matsuda, Emi Ito, Migiwa Kuroda and Kazuyuki Araki
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(8), 4529; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19084529 - 09 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4120
Abstract
Background: Dysphagia relates to quality of life; this disorder is related to the difficulties of dental treatment. Purpose: To detect radiographic signs of dysphagia by using panoramic radiograph with an AI system. Methods: Seventy-seven patients who underwent a panoramic radiograph and a videofluorographic [...] Read more.
Background: Dysphagia relates to quality of life; this disorder is related to the difficulties of dental treatment. Purpose: To detect radiographic signs of dysphagia by using panoramic radiograph with an AI system. Methods: Seventy-seven patients who underwent a panoramic radiograph and a videofluorographic swallowing study were analyzed. Age, gender, the number of remaining teeth, the distance between the tongue and the palate, the vertical and horizontal hyoid bone position, and the width of the tongue were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used. For the statistically significant factors, the cutoff level was determined. The cutoff level was determined by using analysis of the receiver operations characteristic (ROC) curve and the Youden Index. Results: A significant relationship with presence of dysphagia was only observed for the vertical hyoid bone position. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.72. The cutoff level decided for the hyoid bone was observed to be lower than the mandibular border line. Conclusions: In cases where the hyoid bone is lower than the mandibular border line on a panoramic radiograph, it suggests the risk of dysphagia would be high. We will create an AI model for the detection of the risk of dysphagia by using the assessment of vertical hyoid bone position. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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14 pages, 1184 KiB  
Article
A Retrospective Data Analysis for the Risk Evaluation of the Development of Drug-Associated Jaw Necrosis through Dentoalveolar Interventions
by Mayte Buchbender, Charlotte Bauerschmitz, Sebastian Pirkl, Marco R. Kesting and Christian M. Schmitt
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(7), 4339; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19074339 - 04 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1455
Abstract
This study aimed to analyse the development of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in patients who underwent surgical intervention to identify potential risk factors between three different groups sorted by the type of oral surgery (single tooth extraction, multiple extraction, osteotomy). Data [...] Read more.
This study aimed to analyse the development of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in patients who underwent surgical intervention to identify potential risk factors between three different groups sorted by the type of oral surgery (single tooth extraction, multiple extraction, osteotomy). Data from patients with this medical history between 2010 and 2017 were retrospectively analysed. The following parameters were collected: sex, age, medical status, surgical intervention location of dentoalveolar intervention and form of medication. A total of 115 patients fulfilled the criteria and underwent 115 dental surgical interventions (female n = 90, male n = 25). In total, 73 (63.47%) of them had metastatic underlying diseases, and 42 (36.52%) had osteoporotic ones. MRONJ occurred in 10 patients (8.70%) (female n = 5, male n = 5). The occurrence of MRONJ was significantly correlated (p ≤ 0.05) with the mandible site and male sex. Tooth removal at the mandible site remains the main risk factor for the development of MRONJ. The risk profile of developing MRONJ after dentoalveolar interventions could be expected as follows: tooth osteotomy > multiple extractions > single tooth extraction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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11 pages, 1341 KiB  
Article
A Comparison of Pre-Emptive Co-Amoxiclav, Postoperative Amoxicillin, and Metronidazole for Prevention of Postoperative Complications in Dentoalveolar Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
by Giath Gazal, Khalid H. Al-Samadani, Hamdi Mohammed Alsaidalani, Ghofran Ali Karbouji and Abdullah Mohammed Alharbi
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(7), 4178; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19074178 - 31 Mar 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2999
Abstract
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of different oral antibiotics for prevention of dry socket and infection in adults following the surgical extraction of teeth under LA. Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted from 10 September 2020 until 10 May 2021. Forty-six patients [...] Read more.
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of different oral antibiotics for prevention of dry socket and infection in adults following the surgical extraction of teeth under LA. Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted from 10 September 2020 until 10 May 2021. Forty-six patients were randomly allocated to three groups. Sixteen patients were in the postoperative co-amoxiclav (625 mg) group, fifteen in the preoperative co-amoxiclav (625 mg) plus postoperative metronidazole (500 mg) group and fifteen in the preoperative co-amoxiclav (625 mg) plus postoperative amoxicillin (500 mg) group. Evaluation of the postoperative signs of alveolar osteitis and infection was made by a dental surgeon five days postoperatively. Evaluation of the post-surgical extraction pain was made by patients immediately and five days postoperatively on standard 100 mm visual analogue scales (VAS). Furthermore, difficulty of surgery was recorded for all patients immediately postoperatively using (VAS). Results: all antibiotics used in this study were effective. Only 15% of patients had painful alveolar osteitis and 2% had oral infections. There was no significant decrease in the number of patients with severe alveolar osteitis or infection for co-amoxiclav plus metronidazole and co-amoxiclav plus amoxicillin groups compared to co-amoxiclav group at 5 days post-operation (p-values: 0.715, 0.819 & 0.309). Clinically, metronidazole was more effective in protecting the extracted tooth socket from alveolar osteitis compared to co-amoxiclav and amoxicillin. Moreover, there were significant decreases in mean pain scores at 5 days post-operation compared with the levels of pain immediately after surgery (p-value: 0.001). Conclusions: Administration of a single preoperative dose of co-amoxiclav with a full postoperative dose of amoxicillin or metronidazole was more effective than conventional treatment with postoperative co-amoxilcalv in reducing the incidence of both alveolar osteitis and infection after surgical extractions. However, these differences were not statistically significant. Interestingly, patients in metronidazole group had the lowest incidence of dry socket. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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7 pages, 313 KiB  
Article
Prevalence and Periodontal Conditions of Developmental Grooves in an Italian School of Dentistry and Dental Hygiene: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Giovanna Laura Di Domenico, Simone Fabrizi, Paolo Capparè, Maria Teresa Sberna and Massimo de Sanctis
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(7), 4047; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19074047 - 29 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1404
Abstract
Background: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to (i) determine the prevalence and distribution of developmental grooves in a young population and (ii) to evaluate the local periodontal conditions. Methods: Two hundred and fifty-one students with a mean age of 22.9 ± [...] Read more.
Background: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to (i) determine the prevalence and distribution of developmental grooves in a young population and (ii) to evaluate the local periodontal conditions. Methods: Two hundred and fifty-one students with a mean age of 22.9 ± 4.7, attending the School of Dentistry and Dental Hygiene of Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (Milan, Italy) were included. The subjects underwent a clinical evaluation by two calibrated examiners. The following clinical parameters were recorded for each site presenting a radicular groove and for each corresponding site on an adjacent tooth used as control: probing pocket depth, plaque index, bleeding on probing, recession depth. Results: The prevalence of radicular grooves at patient and tooth level was 15.9% and 5%, respectively. When compared to control sites, the number of teeth with a radicular groove that presented plaque and bleeding on probing was higher. The logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of radicular grooves was significantly associated with the presence of plaque (OR, 6.14, p < 0.001) and of bleeding on probing (OR, 2.91, p = 0.01). Conclusions: The presence of radicular grooves increases the possibility of developing gingival inflammation by acting as a plaque retentive factor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
27 pages, 487 KiB  
Article
A Fresh Look at Mouthwashes—What Is Inside and What Is It For?
by Dominik Radzki, Marta Wilhelm-Węglarz, Katarzyna Pruska, Aida Kusiak and Iwona Ordyniec-Kwaśnica
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(7), 3926; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19073926 - 25 Mar 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 6440
Abstract
Mouthwashes are a very popular additional oral hygiene element and there are plenty of individual products, whose compositions are in a state of flux. The aim of our study was to investigate the compositions of mouthwashes and their functions, as well as to [...] Read more.
Mouthwashes are a very popular additional oral hygiene element and there are plenty of individual products, whose compositions are in a state of flux. The aim of our study was to investigate the compositions of mouthwashes and their functions, as well as to discuss their effectiveness in preventing and curing oral diseases and side effects. We searched for mouthwashes available on the market in Poland. We identified 241 individual mouthwash products. The extraction of compositions was performed and functions of the ingredients were assessed. Then, analysis was performed. The evaluation revealed that there are plenty of ingredients, but a typical mouthwash is a water–glycerine mixture and consists of additional sweetener, surfactant, preservative, and some colourant and flavouring agent, as well as usually having two oral health substances, anticaries sodium fluoride and antimicrobial essential oils. The effectiveness or side effects of several substances of mouthwashes were thoroughly discussed. We recommend not multiplying individual mouthwash products and their ingredients beyond medical or pharmaceutical necessity, especially without scientific proof. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
10 pages, 338 KiB  
Article
Association between Healthy Lifestyle (Diet Quality, Physical Activity, Normal Body Weight) and Periodontal Diseases in Korean Adults
by Su-Yeon Hwang, Jong-Hwa Jang and Jung-Eun Park
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(7), 3871; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19073871 - 24 Mar 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2219
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between healthy lifestyle (HLS; i.e., diet quality, physical activity, normal weight) and periodontal diseases in Korean adults. Studying this association may help inform future intervention programs aimed at preventing the development of periodontal diseases. Raw data [...] Read more.
This study aimed to investigate the association between healthy lifestyle (HLS; i.e., diet quality, physical activity, normal weight) and periodontal diseases in Korean adults. Studying this association may help inform future intervention programs aimed at preventing the development of periodontal diseases. Raw data of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VII (2016–2018) were used. Data from 12,689 adults aged 19 years and over who had a periodontal examination were analyzed. The associations between HLS and periodontal diseases were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression after adjusting for demographic and health factors as covariates. We found that each of the HLS (diet quality, physical activity, normal body weight) practices was significantly associated with periodontal diseases (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.13–1.55; OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.04–1.30; OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.14–1.40, respectively). In particular, having poor HLS practices was identified as a risk factor for periodontal diseases (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.10–2.15). HLS was associated with periodontal diseases. Thus, in addition to improving oral hygiene—the primary focus in the past—improving HLS should be emphasized for patients with periodontal diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
17 pages, 1325 KiB  
Article
The OrBiD (Oral Health, Bite Force and Dementia) Pilot Study: A Study Protocol for New Approaches to Masticatory Muscle Training and Efficient Recruitment for Longitudinal Studies in People with Dementia
by Julia Jockusch, Daniel Wiedemeier and Ina Nitschke
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(6), 3700; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19063700 - 20 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1853
Abstract
Research with people with dementia is a great challenge in terms of recruitment, study participation and adherence to interventions resulting in less research activity and higher financial, organizational and personnel efforts. As dementia progresses, there is a deterioration in general and oral health [...] Read more.
Research with people with dementia is a great challenge in terms of recruitment, study participation and adherence to interventions resulting in less research activity and higher financial, organizational and personnel efforts. As dementia progresses, there is a deterioration in general and oral health and chewing function. Oral treatment options often focus on healthy patients. Interventions for people with dementia are needed. The aims of the paper were to describe the study protocol of the OrBiD (Oral Health, Bite Force and Dementia) pilot study as well as the description of two new methodological approaches. These are (A) an efficient recruitment process of people with dementia, simultaneous double study participation and (B) a novel approach to train the masticatory muscles by using physiotherapy. A novel methodology for the recruitment process (A) and, in particular, for the assignment of subjects to the experimental and control groups was developed and successfully tested. Additionally, a physiotherapy program (B) to train strength and coordination of the masticatory muscles was newly developed with the challenge to ensure that this training could also be carried out with people with cognitive impairments and dementia, if necessary, in cooperation with their relatives or caregivers. This was also successfully implemented. Recommendations for a feasibility assessment of a study involving people with dementia were made considering the organizational effort, the required personnel, structural and financial resources, the required number of subjects and the type of study design. When planning crossed studies, it must be ensured that the content, the interventions or their possible results of the study arms do not influence each other. The overall aim of this paper is to demonstrate the sustainable and efficient feasibility of studies with people with dementia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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11 pages, 466 KiB  
Article
Correlation between Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics (SAVE) and Burnout among Korean Dental Hygienists during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Seul-Ah Lee, Jung-Eun Park and Jong-Hwa Jang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(6), 3668; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19063668 - 19 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1883
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the correlations among Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics (SAVE), job stress (JS), and burnout among Korean dental hygienists during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify the moderating effect of JS. As a cross-sectional study, a self-reporting questionnaire [...] Read more.
This study aimed to investigate the correlations among Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics (SAVE), job stress (JS), and burnout among Korean dental hygienists during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify the moderating effect of JS. As a cross-sectional study, a self-reporting questionnaire was used to survey 204 clinical dental hygienists to measure the levels of SAVE, JS, and burnout, along with their demographic characteristics as the control variables. Pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were performed to analyse the correlations among burnout, SAVE, and JS, including the moderating effect of JS. With education level and subjective health controlled, JS (β = 1.05, p < 0.001), SAVE (β = 0.69, p = 0.020) and the interaction between SAVE and JS (β = −0.93, p = 0.050) were identified as significant influencing factors of burnout. The adjusted explanatory power of the model was found to be 52.4%. In summary, both SAVE and JS were significant influencing factors of burnout among dental hygienists, while a moderating effect of JS was also identified. Therefore, it is necessary to create a work environment that can relieve SAVE and JS to reduce burnout among dental hygienists. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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10 pages, 961 KiB  
Article
Amino Acid-Enriched Formula for the Post-Operative Care of Extraction Sockets Evaluated by 3-D Intraoral Scanning
by Saverio Cosola, Giacomo Oldoini, Michela Boccuzzi, Enrica Giammarinaro, Annamaria Genovesi, Ugo Covani and Simone Marconcini
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(6), 3302; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19063302 - 11 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2166
Abstract
Background: Hyaluronic acid and amino acids play an important role in the wound healing process, stimulating the development of the connective tissue and the activity and proliferation of fibroblasts. The aim of the present controlled clinical study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy [...] Read more.
Background: Hyaluronic acid and amino acids play an important role in the wound healing process, stimulating the development of the connective tissue and the activity and proliferation of fibroblasts. The aim of the present controlled clinical study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a topical gel formula containing hyaluronic acid and amino acids in terms of wound closure rate, painkiller intake, and patients’ reported pain and edema. Methods: This study included patients in need of a single tooth extraction. Patients were randomized into two groups with differing post-operative care regimens. Patients in the test group used the amino acid and hyaluronic acid-based gel, while the control group did not use any product. Each parameter was measured in both groups at different time points: immediately after surgery, and after 7, 14, 30, and 60 days. Results: A total of 40 patients (46.52 ± 9.84 years old) completed the observational period, and 40 extraction sockets were examined. After 7 days, the edema was significantly lower in the test group. The reported pain was lower in the test group without a significant difference, except for the first time point at 7 days. With the follow-up questionnaire, patients declared to have taken painkillers mainly during the first 7 days after surgery; however, the test group showed a lower need for painkillers than the control group. Conclusion: The post-operative and domiciliary use of an amino acid and hyaluronic acid-based gel for the management of soft tissue closure after tooth extraction is a valid coadjutant to reduce swelling, pain, and the need for painkillers. Additional studies are required to support the results of the present study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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11 pages, 612 KiB  
Article
Association between Participation in the Short Version of a Workplace Oral Health Promotion Program and Medical and Dental Care Expenditures in Japanese Workers: A Longitudinal Study
by Yuki Mochida, Shinya Fuchida and Tatsuo Yamamoto
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(5), 3143; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19053143 - 07 Mar 2022
Viewed by 1949
Abstract
Studies suggest that intensive oral health promotion programs in the workplace reduce dental and medical care expenditures. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the short version of an oral health promotion program in the workplace from the viewpoint of dental [...] Read more.
Studies suggest that intensive oral health promotion programs in the workplace reduce dental and medical care expenditures. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the short version of an oral health promotion program in the workplace from the viewpoint of dental and medical care expenditures. Data for annual expenditures and number of days of dental, periodontal, and medical treatment in fiscal year 2018 and participation in the short version of a workplace oral health promotion program of 2545 workers (20–68 years old) in a company in fiscal year 2017 and prior were obtained. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression models or negative binomial regression models were used to evaluate the association between participation in the program and expenditures or number of days of treatment after adjusting for sex and age. Program participants were more likely than non-participants to visit dentists for dental and periodontal treatment. Those who participated twice or more spent less on dental, periodontal, and medical treatment and had fewer visits to dentists than non-participants. These results suggest that the short version of an oral health promotion program in the workplace decreases expenditures for dental, periodontal, and medical treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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13 pages, 3212 KiB  
Article
Salivary Morning Cortisol as a Potential Predictor for High Academic Stress Level in Dental Students: A Preliminary Study
by Kacper Nijakowski, Dawid Gruszczyński, Kacper Łaganowski, Jagoda Furmańczak, Alicja Brożek, Marcin Nowicki, Dorota Formanowicz and Anna Surdacka
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(5), 3132; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19053132 - 07 Mar 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2954
Abstract
Students experience different levels of acute and chronic stress during the academic year. Selected salivary biochemical parameters change as a result of stress. Our preliminary study aimed to indicate possible links between alterations in the salivary biochemical parameters (such as cortisol and total [...] Read more.
Students experience different levels of acute and chronic stress during the academic year. Selected salivary biochemical parameters change as a result of stress. Our preliminary study aimed to indicate possible links between alterations in the salivary biochemical parameters (such as cortisol and total antioxidant status) and different accompanying stress levels in dental students during the academic year. The study group consisted of 20 volunteer dental students at the Poznan University of Medical Sciences—both genders, aged 20–26 years. Students were asked to fill in the electronic version of the author’s survey on experiencing and coping with stress. Samples of unstimulated saliva were collected in the morning and late evening at four-time points: in the middle of the academic year, during the examination period, at the beginning of the academic year, and in the middle of the following academic year, together with a determination of currently experienced stress on the Stress Numerical Rating Scale-11. According to the circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion, morning levels of the hormone in saliva were much higher than in the evening. In evening cortisol, significant differences were observed during the studied periods—the highest level was found at the beginning of the academic year. However, the morning cortisol concentrations correlated more strongly with the declared stress levels and showed better predictability for high-stress levels. Salivary morning cortisol could be a potential marker of academic stress levels. Further studies are needed on a larger group to confirm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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11 pages, 662 KiB  
Article
Factors Associated with Regular Dental Checkups’ Discontinuation during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Web-Based Survey in Japan
by Katsuo Oshima, Hiroko Miura, Rumi Tano and Hideki Fukuda
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(5), 2917; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19052917 - 02 Mar 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1602
Abstract
Managing oral health through regular dental checkups (RDCs) can help prevent dental diseases. Our study aimed to investigate the proportion and characteristics of those who stopped receiving RDCs owing to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A nationwide web-based survey in Japan in [...] Read more.
Managing oral health through regular dental checkups (RDCs) can help prevent dental diseases. Our study aimed to investigate the proportion and characteristics of those who stopped receiving RDCs owing to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A nationwide web-based survey in Japan in September 2021 (3556 participants) revealed that 62.4% of participants had habitually received RDCs before COVID-19. Of these (n = 2219), 71.5% had received RDCs since the pandemic and 28.5% had not. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed the following characteristics of those without RDCs since the pandemic: female (male, OR: 0.58, 95%CI: 0.45–0.74), lower household income (<2000 K JPY, OR: 1.45, 95%CI: 0.94–2.23; 2000 K–< 4000 K JPY, OR: 1.46, 95%CI: 1.08–1.98), fewer teeth (20–27, OR: 0.63, 95%CI: 0.39–1.03; ≥28, OR: 0.60, 95%CI: 0.36–0.98), and no interdental cleaning habits (OR: 0.51, 95%CI: 0.41–0.63). These results suggest that the disruption to RDCs owing to the pandemic is related to individual socioeconomic factors. Additionally, these individuals have poor oral health, which may be worsened by such barriers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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17 pages, 4798 KiB  
Article
Dimensional Changes in the Alveolus after a Combination of Immediate Postextraction Implant and Connective Grafting and/or Socket Shield Technique
by Ramón Gómez-Meda, María Rizo-Gorrita, María-Angeles Serrera-Figallo, Jonathan Esquivel, Cristina Herraez-Galindo and Daniel Torres-Lagares
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(5), 2795; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19052795 - 27 Feb 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2294
Abstract
Immediate implant placement protocols after dental extraction have enabled a reduction in surgical phases. This procedure has increased patient satisfaction and similar survival rates to late implant placement procedures. However, placing an implant immediately after dental extraction does not counteract the physiological remodeling [...] Read more.
Immediate implant placement protocols after dental extraction have enabled a reduction in surgical phases. This procedure has increased patient satisfaction and similar survival rates to late implant placement procedures. However, placing an implant immediately after dental extraction does not counteract the physiological remodeling of alveolar bone. For this reason, additional surgical techniques have been developed, such as the placement of a connective tissue graft (CTG) or the socket shield technique (SST). Dimensional changes in the peri-implant tissues were observed after placement of immediate implants following the extraction and CTG and/or SST. A total of 26 surgical interventions were carried out in which dimensional change variables of peri-implant tissues were analyzed. The preoperative state and immediate postoperative situation were compared with the situation after one year. Measurements were taken at 3, 5, and 7 mm from the gingival margin and analyzed in this CBCT radiological study (Planmeca Promax 3D). The implant platform was used as a reference point for the measurement of changes in alveolar crest height. One year after performing either of the two techniques (CTG and/or SST), a significant increase in the gingiva thickness and vestibular cortex occurred at 5 mm (0.65 ± 1.16 mm) and 7 mm (0.95 ± 1.45 mm) from the gingival margin. Additionally, an increase in thickness of palatal bone was registered at 3 mm (0.48 ± 0.90 mm). The graft placement group showed an increase in thickness of peri-implant tissue in the vestibular area after one year, although CTG and SST groups were clinically similar. The implementation of SST revealed promising results regarding the buccal thickness of hard and soft tissues after one year. A significant increase in vestibular cortical bone thickness, as well as the overall mucosa thickness and buccal bone at 3 mm from the gingival margin, was observed. A significant reduction in the distance from the bone crest to the platform was detected in both techniques. Both techniques (CTG and SST) are appropriate to provide sufficient volume to peri-implant tissues in the vestibular area of anterior maxillary implants. Some limitations were detected, such as the lack of an aesthetic analysis or small sample size, so results should be interpreted with caution. Future studies are necessary to further evaluate the long-term predictability of these techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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12 pages, 474 KiB  
Article
New Method of Avoiding Underestimation of Caries Incidence and Its Association with Possible Risk Factors in Japanese University Students: A Prospective Cohort Study
by Daisuke Ekuni, Naoki Toyama, Yoshiaki Iwasaki and Manabu Morita
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(4), 2490; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19042490 - 21 Feb 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2110
Abstract
The objective of this three-year prospective cohort study was to investigate the association between a new definition of an increase in dental caries and risk factors in Japanese young adults. Data of Okayama University students who volunteered to undergo oral examinations and answer [...] Read more.
The objective of this three-year prospective cohort study was to investigate the association between a new definition of an increase in dental caries and risk factors in Japanese young adults. Data of Okayama University students who volunteered to undergo oral examinations and answer questionnaires in 2015 and 2018 were analyzed. The status of filled teeth and the status of occlusal/proximal surfaces of filled or decayed teeth were recorded. An increase in dental caries was defined as a change in the status of filled teeth and/or an increase in dental caries of occlusal and proximal surfaces. A total of 393 participants (18.2 ± 0.8 years) were analyzed. First and second molars showed a high prevalence of dental caries. Of the participants, 144 (36.6%) showed an increase in dental caries. In all the participants and in the females, the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) score and history of orthodontic treatment at baseline were significantly associated with an increase in dental caries (p < 0.05) in logistic regression analyses. In the males, the DMFT score and the daily frequency of snacking (≥2) at baseline were significantly associated with an increase in dental caries (p = 0.04). The DMFT score and history of orthodontic treatment at baseline can be risk factors for an increase in dental caries using the new definition in young adults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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12 pages, 941 KiB  
Article
Travel Time for Dental Care Services Based on Patient Preference in South Korea
by Han-A Cho, Bo-Ra Kim and Hosung Shin
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(4), 2051; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19042051 - 12 Feb 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1820
Abstract
This study analyzed patient preferences using travel time from residence to dental institution when selecting dental care services. We used data from the Korean Health Panel from 2008 to 2017 and analyzed each dental service episode. Since the distribution of travel time was [...] Read more.
This study analyzed patient preferences using travel time from residence to dental institution when selecting dental care services. We used data from the Korean Health Panel from 2008 to 2017 and analyzed each dental service episode. Since the distribution of travel time was skewed to the left, median travel time was analyzed. The association of travel time with services was analyzed via the population-averaged generalized estimating equation (GEE) with the Poisson family. The median of the average travel time per episode was longer for non-National Health Insurance (NHI)-covered services and shorter for NHI-covered services. The first quintile of low-income subjects traveled the longest for all services and utilized dental care the most. In the GEE analysis, travel time was approximately three times longer for implant treatment and gold inlay/resin fillings and >2 times longer for orthodontic care than for NHI-covered services. Patients residing in rural counties traveled for longer than residents of large cities. Income was statistically significant; however, the coefficient was close to zero. Travel time was related to the type of service and reflected patient preference. This was more prominent for expensive non-NHI-covered services than for NHI-covered services. The findings suggest patients’ subjective preferences for dental clinic selection are expressed as rational deliberation considering each individual’s situation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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21 pages, 2370 KiB  
Article
Oral Health-Related Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours of Arab Dental Students: Multi-National Cross-Sectional Study and Literature Analysis 2000–2020
by Abanoub Riad, Nuraldeen Maher Al-Khanati, Julien Issa, Mazen Zenati, Nèziha Ben Abdesslem, Sameh Attia and Martin Krsek
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1658; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19031658 - 31 Jan 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5184
Abstract
Dental students are the future leaders of oral health in their respective communities; therefore, their oral health-related attitudes and behaviours are of practical value for primary disease prevention. The present study aimed to evaluate oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours of dental students [...] Read more.
Dental students are the future leaders of oral health in their respective communities; therefore, their oral health-related attitudes and behaviours are of practical value for primary disease prevention. The present study aimed to evaluate oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours of dental students in Arab countries and explore the potential sociodemographic predictors of their oral health outcomes. A multi-centre, cross-sectional study was conducted during the academic year 2019/2020 in three Arab countries: Lebanon, Syria, and Tunisia. The study used a validated Arabic version of the Hiroshima University Dental Behavioural Inventory (HU-DBI) composed of original twenty items that assess the level of oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours, and four additional dichotomous items related to tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, problematic internet use, and regular dental check-up The HU-DBI score ranges between 0 and 12. A total of 1430 students took part in this study, out of which 60.8% were females, 57.8% were enrolled in clinical years, 24.5% were tobacco smokers, 7.2% were alcohol drinkers, and 87% reported internet addiction. The mean HU-DBI score was 6.31 ± 1.84, with Lebanon having the highest score (6.67 ± 1.83), followed by Syria (6.38 ± 1.83) and Tunisia (6.05 ± 1.83). Clinical students (6.78 ± 1.70) had higher HU-DBI scores than their preclinical peers (5.97 ± 1.86). The year-over-year analysis revealed that dental public health and preventive dentistry courses had significantly and positively impacted the undergraduate students’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours. The gender-based differences were not statistically significant, with a modest trend favouring males, especially oral health behaviours. Tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and problematic internet use were associated with lower HU-DBI scores. In the Arab world, the economic rank of the country where the dental students live/study was weakly correlated with the students’ mean HU-DBI score. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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14 pages, 1234 KiB  
Article
The Gaseous Ozone Therapy as a Promising Antiseptic Adjuvant of Periodontal Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
by Biagio Rapone, Elisabetta Ferrara, Luigi Santacroce, Skender Topi, Antonio Gnoni, Gianna Dipalma, Antonio Mancini, Marina Di Domenico, Gianluca Martino Tartaglia, Antonio Scarano and Francesco Inchingolo
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(2), 985; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19020985 - 16 Jan 2022
Cited by 66 | Viewed by 3774
Abstract
Background: the establishment of periodontitis is regulated by the primary etiological factor and several individual conditions including the immune response mechanism of the host and individual genetic factors. It results when the oral homeostasis is interrupted, and biological reactions favor the development and [...] Read more.
Background: the establishment of periodontitis is regulated by the primary etiological factor and several individual conditions including the immune response mechanism of the host and individual genetic factors. It results when the oral homeostasis is interrupted, and biological reactions favor the development and progression of periodontal tissues damage. Different strategies have been explored for reinforcing the therapeutic effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment of periodontal tissue damage. Gaseous ozone therapy has been recognized as a promising antiseptic adjuvant, because of its immunostimulating, antimicrobial, antihypoxic, and biosynthetic effects. Then, we hypothesized that the adjunct of gaseous ozone therapy to standard periodontal treatment may be leveraged to promote the tissue healing response. Methods: to test this hypothesis, we conducted a prospective randomized study comparing non-surgical periodontal treatment plus gaseous ozone therapy to standard therapy. A total of 90 healthy individuals with moderate or severe generalized periodontitis were involved in the study. The trial was conducted from September 2019 to October 2020. Forty-five patients were randomized to receive scaling and root-planning (SRP) used as conventional non-surgical periodontal therapy plus gaseous ozone therapy (GROUP A); forty-five were allocated to standard treatment (GROUP B). The endpoint was defined as the periodontal response rate after the application of the ozone therapy at 3 months and 6 months, defined as no longer meeting the criteria for active periodontitis. Statistical analysis was performed employing SPSS v.18 Chicago: SPSS Inc. Results: periodontal parameters differed significantly between patients treated with the two distinct procedures at 3 months (p ≤ 0.005); a statistically significant difference between groups was observed from baseline in the CAL (p ≤ 0.0001), PPD (p ≤ 0.0001) and BOP (p ≤ 0.0001) scores. Conclusions: The present study suggests that SRP combined with ozone therapy in the treatment of periodontitis revealed an improved outcome than SRP alone. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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18 pages, 1417 KiB  
Article
Characterizing the Content Related to Oral Health Education on TikTok
by Laurie Fraticelli, Colette Smentek, Delphine Tardivo, Julien Masson, Céline Clément, Sylvain Roy, Claude Dussart, Denis Bourgeois and Florence Carrouel
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(24), 13260; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182413260 - 16 Dec 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 6406
Abstract
Neglecting oral hygiene in adolescents negatively affects dental caries and periodontal diseases, in addition to social and emotional well-being. Thus, the TikTok platform (ByteDance, Beijing, China)as a social media could be a powerful channel to provide health-related information and educational content. This study [...] Read more.
Neglecting oral hygiene in adolescents negatively affects dental caries and periodontal diseases, in addition to social and emotional well-being. Thus, the TikTok platform (ByteDance, Beijing, China)as a social media could be a powerful channel to provide health-related information and educational content. This study aims to assess the quality of the TikTok videos corresponding to #oralhealtheducation. Sixty-nine videos were identified. Three oral health professionals (OHP), three health education professionals (HEP), and ten of TikTok’s target audience watched and evaluated the videos from a qualitative questionnaire. OHP detected false or incorrect information in 11.6% (8/69) of the videos. At least two HEPs reported being unable to detect this type of content or whether the video met dental ethics standards in both the videos. Disagreement was observed among the professionals themselves. The evaluation indicated that TikTok’s target audience was satisfied with the products viewed with an average score of >2.5, unlike the professionals, whose average score was <2.5 on a scale of 0 to 5. Users are advised to think critically and to consider the content of TikTok oral health videos with caution. The involvement of health professionals in the writing and validation of the videos could be an added value to positively respond to the needs of the adolescents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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10 pages, 336 KiB  
Article
The Association between Oral Health-Related Quality of Life, Loneliness, Perceived and Objective Social Isolation—Results of a Nationally Representative Survey
by André Hajek and Hans-Helmut König
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(24), 12886; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182412886 - 07 Dec 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2166
Abstract
The aim was to examine the association between oral health-related quality of life and loneliness and perceived as well as objective social isolation. Data were used from a nationally representative survey with n = 3075 (late Summer 2021). The established Oral Health Impact [...] Read more.
The aim was to examine the association between oral health-related quality of life and loneliness and perceived as well as objective social isolation. Data were used from a nationally representative survey with n = 3075 (late Summer 2021). The established Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-G5) was used to quantify oral health-related quality of life. Moreover, established tools were used to quantify the outcome measures (De Jong Gierveld loneliness scale, Bude/Lantermann scale and Lubben Social Network Scale). It was adjusted for several covariates in regression analysis. Linear regressions showed that low oral health-related quality of life is associated with higher loneliness (B = 0.03, p < 0.001), higher perceived social isolation (B = 0.06, p < 0.001) and higher objective social isolation (B = 0.07, p < 0.05). Further regressions were performed (e.g., stratified by denture usage). Our study stressed the importance of low oral health-related quality of life for loneliness and social isolation (both perceived and objective). This knowledge is important to address individuals at risk. Future studies should clarify the underlying mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
15 pages, 1934 KiB  
Article
Are Public Oral Care Services Evenly Distributed?—Nation-Wide Assessment of the Provision of Oral Care in Japan Using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims
by Tomoko Kodama, Yusuke Ida, Katsuo Oshima and Hiroko Miura
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(20), 10850; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182010850 - 15 Oct 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2072
Abstract
The provision of oral health care services is one of the global challenges under the realization of universal health coverage in many countries. Despite the increasing importance of oral health care in an aging society, the disparities in the provision of oral care [...] Read more.
The provision of oral health care services is one of the global challenges under the realization of universal health coverage in many countries. Despite the increasing importance of oral health care in an aging society, the disparities in the provision of oral care in Japan have not been clarified. Therefore, this study investigated the status of oral and dental care provision using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups (NDB) at the level of prefectures and secondary medical care areas. Additionally, a multiple regression model was applied to identify the influence of human resources in oral care services and economic factors on the standardized claims data ratio (SCR) of total dental receipts. The results showed that the total amount of oral care provided tended to be higher in metropolitan areas, with bimodal peaks in children aged 5–9 and adults in their 70s. The SCR for dental caries showed little difference nationally, but SCR for periodontal disease tended to be higher in prefectures including metropolitan areas. In a multiple regression model, the number of dentists and prefectural income per capita influenced the SCR of total dental receipts. In secondary medical care areas, some depopulated areas are supplemented by adjacent areas. These results suggest that oral health care services in the national health insurance system are generally well provided; however, they are likely to be influenced by human resources and economic disparities, and regional differences may occur in the care of periodontal diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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10 pages, 338 KiB  
Article
Psychological Distress, Dental Health, and Dental Fear among Finnish University Students: A National Survey
by Vesa Pohjola, Kristina Kunttu and Jorma I. Virtanen
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(19), 10245; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph181910245 - 29 Sep 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1810
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dental fear, psychological distress, and perceived symptoms of teeth controlled for age, gender, educational sector, and tobacco use. The data from the Finnish University Student Health Survey 2016 targeting students (n [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dental fear, psychological distress, and perceived symptoms of teeth controlled for age, gender, educational sector, and tobacco use. The data from the Finnish University Student Health Survey 2016 targeting students (n = 10,000) of academic universities and universities of applied sciences were used. Psychological distress was measured with the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation 10 (CORE-10) and the General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12) and dental fear with the question ‘Do you feel scared about receiving dental care?’. The study included 3110 students. In logistic regression analyses those with psychological distress (measured with CORE-10 and GHQ-12) and those reporting teeth-related symptoms were more likely than their counterparts to have high dental fear. In gender-specific analyses men with psychological distress (measured with CORE-10) and women with teeth-related symptoms were more likely to have high levels of dental fear. Finnish university students with psychological distress and teeth-related symptoms were more likely to experience higher levels of dental fear than their counterparts were. The results of this study support possible common vulnerability factors that dental fear and other psychological disorders may share. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
13 pages, 1362 KiB  
Article
Association between Dental Scaling and Reduced Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease: A Nationwide Matched Cohort Study
by Yu-Hsiang Chung, Hsien-Cheng Kuo, Hsin-Yi Liu, Mei-Yi Wu, Wei-Jen Chang, Jui-Tai Chen, Yih-Giun Cherng, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Ying-Xiu Dai, Hsiang-Ling Wu, Wan-Chi Liu and Ying-Hsuan Tai
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(17), 8910; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18178910 - 24 Aug 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2320
Abstract
Periodontitis is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is also associated with kidney function decline. It is unclear whether dental scaling treatment prevents the progression of CKD. In a nationwide cohort study, Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database was used [...] Read more.
Periodontitis is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is also associated with kidney function decline. It is unclear whether dental scaling treatment prevents the progression of CKD. In a nationwide cohort study, Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database was used to select people with CKD. Propensity score-matching procedures were performed to compare the long-term risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) between CKD patients with and without the receipt of dental scaling. A total of 33,637 matched pairs with CKD were included, with 503,373 person-years of follow-up for analyses. Dental scaling was significantly associated with a lower risk of ESRD (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77–0.90). In addition, there was a dose-dependent relationship between the frequency of dental scaling and a reduced risk of ESRD. Dental scaling was also linked to reduced risks of major adverse cardiovascular events (aHR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.87–0.95), sepsis (aHR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.77–0.85), and all-cause mortality (aHR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.76–0.87). Dental scaling was significantly associated with lower risks of progression to ESRD in patients with CKD. Regular dental scaling may serve as a prophylactic measure for kidney function decline. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research, Other

11 pages, 994 KiB  
Review
Kinesio Taping as a Therapeutic Tool for Masticatory Myofascial Pain Syndrome—An Insight View
by Ahmed Shaher Alqahtani and Sameena Parveen
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(5), 3872; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph20053872 - 22 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2718
Abstract
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is thought to stem from masticatory muscle hypersensitivity. Masticatory myofascial pain syndrome (MMPS) is characterized by multiple trigger points (MTrPs), also known as hyperirritable points, in taut bands of affected muscles, regional muscle pain, or referred pain to nearby [...] Read more.
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is thought to stem from masticatory muscle hypersensitivity. Masticatory myofascial pain syndrome (MMPS) is characterized by multiple trigger points (MTrPs), also known as hyperirritable points, in taut bands of affected muscles, regional muscle pain, or referred pain to nearby maxillofacial areas like teeth, masticatory muscles or the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Muscle stiffness, reduced range of motion, muscle weakening without atrophy, and autonomic symptoms may accompany regional discomfort. Multiple treatments have been utilized to reduce trigger points and mandibular function restrictions. As a result of these incapacitating symptoms, MMPS can significantly impair many elements of quality of life. The application of Kinesio tape (KT) is a non-invasive method of treating dormant myofascial trigger points. Utilizing the body’s innate capacity for self-repair, this technique entails taping specific regions of the skin. KT alleviates discomfort, decreases swelling and inflammation, enhances or suppresses motor function in the muscles, stimulates proprioception, promotes lymphatic drainage, stimulates blood flow, and expedites tissue recovery. However, studies conducted to assess its effects have frequently yielded contradictory results. To the best of our knowledge, just a few research has looked into the therapeutic effects of KT on MMPS. The purpose of this review is to determine the efficacy of KT as a therapeutic tool for regular treatment or as an adjunct to existing therapy for MMPS based on the evidence presented in this review. To establish KT as a reliable independent treatment option, additional research is necessary to confirm the efficacy of KT techniques and applications, specifically randomized clinical trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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24 pages, 2564 KiB  
Review
Impact of Intermittent Fasting on Metabolic Syndrome and Periodontal Disease—A Suggested Preventive Strategy to Reduce the Public Health Burden
by Sameena Parveen and Yaser Ali Alhazmi
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(21), 14536; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192114536 - 05 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 6583
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence continues to climb significantly worldwide in today’s ad libitum society. MetS has tremendous societal and economic ramifications, making it imperative to develop effective strategies for preventing and controlling it to alleviate this growing burden. Periodontal disease and MetS are [...] Read more.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence continues to climb significantly worldwide in today’s ad libitum society. MetS has tremendous societal and economic ramifications, making it imperative to develop effective strategies for preventing and controlling it to alleviate this growing burden. Periodontal disease and MetS are associated with several risk factors. Studies in the past have demonstrated that obesity, cardiovascular illness, and type 2 diabetes mellitus have a negative effect on the severity of the periodontal disease. Patients with metabolic syndrome have elevated serum levels of proinflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein. Similar inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and C-reactive protein, are increased in patients with severe periodontal disease. Remarkably, intermittent fasting is underpinned by scientific evidence, claiming to be the most effective non-pharmacological, potential therapeutic alternative for combating a wide range of metabolic, inflammatory, and lifestyle-related diseases. Nonetheless, an insufficient investigation has been performed to determine whether intermittent fasting has therapeutic benefits on periodontal inflammation and diseases. Here, we show the interrelationship between metabolic syndrome and periodontal disease and contextualize the beneficial impact of intermittent fasting in modulating the chronic metabolic and periodontal inflammatory response. We also anticipate that this review paves the way for further exploration of intermittent fasting as a unique research paradigm representing a cost-effective alternative strategy to conventional disease management in patients with periodontal diseases and metabolic syndrome which may serve as the foundation for an integrative vision relevant to primary, diagnostic, and therapeutic purposes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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18 pages, 572 KiB  
Review
Effectiveness of Curcumin in Reducing Self-Rated Pain-Levels in the Orofacial Region: A Systematic Review of Randomized-Controlled Trials
by Barbara Sterniczuk, Paul Emile Rossouw, Dimitrios Michelogiannakis and Fawad Javed
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(11), 6443; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19116443 - 25 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2101
Abstract
The aim was to systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the effectiveness of curcumin in reducing self-rated pain levels in the orofacial region (OFR). The addressed focused question was “Is curcumin effective in reducing self-rated pain levels in the OFR?”. Indexed [...] Read more.
The aim was to systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the effectiveness of curcumin in reducing self-rated pain levels in the orofacial region (OFR). The addressed focused question was “Is curcumin effective in reducing self-rated pain levels in the OFR?”. Indexed databases (PubMed (National Library of Medicine), Scopus, EMBASE, MEDLINE (OVID), and Web of Science) were searched up to and including February 2022 using different keywords. The inclusion criteria were (a) original studies (RCTs) in indexed databases; and (b) studies assessing the role of curcumin in the management of pain in the OFR. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The pattern of the present systematic review was customized to primarily summarize the pertinent information. Nineteen RCTs were included. Results from 79% of the studies reported that curcumin exhibits analgesic properties and is effective in reducing self-rated pain associated with the OFR. Three studies had a low risk of bias, while nine and seven studies had a moderate and high risk of bias, respectively. Curcumin can be used as an alternative to conventional therapies in alleviating pain in the OFR. However, due to the limitations and risk of bias in the aforementioned studies, more high-quality RCTs are needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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24 pages, 2975 KiB  
Review
Dental Healthcare Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Rabia Tariq Butt, Omer Sefvan Janjua, Sana Mehmood Qureshi, Muhammad Saad Shaikh, Julia Guerrero-Gironés, Francisco J. Rodríguez-Lozano and Muhammad Sohail Zafar
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(21), 11008; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182111008 - 20 Oct 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3890
Abstract
The hustle and bustle of the planet Earth have come to a halt thanks to the novel coronavirus. The virus has affected approximately 219 million people globally; taken the lives of 4.55 million patients as of September 2021; and created an ambiance of [...] Read more.
The hustle and bustle of the planet Earth have come to a halt thanks to the novel coronavirus. The virus has affected approximately 219 million people globally; taken the lives of 4.55 million patients as of September 2021; and created an ambiance of fear, social distancing, and economic instability. The purpose of this review article is to trace the historical origin and evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus is highly contagious with a unique feature of rapid mutations—the scientific research is paving the way for discoveries regarding novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) diagnosis, features, prevention, and vaccination. The connections between the coronavirus pandemic and dental practices are essential because COVID-19 is transmitted by aerosols, fomites, and respiratory droplets, which are also produced during dental procedures, putting both the patient and the dentist at risk. The main emphasis of this paper is to highlight the psychological, economic, and social impact of this pandemic on dental practices throughout the world and under what circumstances and guidelines can dental health care be provided. In the current situation of the pandemic, an appropriate screening tool must be established either by using rapid molecular testing or saliva point-of-care technology, which will be effective in identifying as well as isolating the potential contacts and carriers in hopes to contain and mitigate infection. The blessing in disguise is that this virus has united the leaders, scientists, health care providers, and people of all professions from all around the world to fight against a common enemy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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9 pages, 9011 KiB  
Review
Role of Essential Oil-Based Mouthwashes in Controlling Gingivitis in Patients Undergoing Fixed Orthodontic Treatment. A Review of Clinical Trials
by Aristeidis Panagiotou, P. Emile Rossouw, Dimitrios Michelogiannakis and Fawad Javed
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(20), 10825; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182010825 - 15 Oct 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3513
Abstract
Essential oil (EO)-based mouthwashes have been used for oral health maintenance due to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim was to review clinical trials that assessed the role of EO-based mouthwashes in controlling gingivitis in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment (OT). The [...] Read more.
Essential oil (EO)-based mouthwashes have been used for oral health maintenance due to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim was to review clinical trials that assessed the role of EO-based mouthwashes in controlling gingivitis in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment (OT). The Patients, Interventions, Control and Outcome (PICO) format was based on the following: (a) P: Patients undergoing fixed OT (b) Intervention: EO-based mouth-wash; Control: Mouthwashes that did not contain EOs or no mouthwash (d) Outcome: Control of gingivitis measured by clinical indices. Databases were searched manually and electronically up to and including May 2021 using different medical subject subheadings. Data screening and extraction were performed. The risk of bias within randomized controlled trials was assessed using the revised Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool (RoB 2). The Risk of Bias In Non-randomized Studies—of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool was used for non-randomized controlled trials. Disagreements related to literature search and RoB evaluations were resolved via discussion. Six clinical studies were included. Four studies showed that Listerine® is effective in controlling gingivitis in patients undergoing fixed OT. One study reported that the use of 5% Fructus mume mouthwash resulted in a significant reduction in gingival bleeding. Two mouthwashes that contained 1% Matricaria chamomilla L. and 0.5% Zingiber officinale were also found to be efficient in controlling gingival bleeding. Four, one and one studies had a low, moderate and high RoB, respectively. In conclusion, EO-based mouthwashes seem to be effective for the management of gingivitis among patients undergoing fixed OT. Further well-designed and power-adjusted clinical trials are needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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14 pages, 1306 KiB  
Systematic Review
Oral Health Status in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review
by Kacper Nijakowski, Dawid Gruszczyński and Anna Surdacka
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(21), 11521; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182111521 - 02 Nov 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3457
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic disorders that affect the gastrointestinal tract, including the oral cavity. This systematic review was designed to answer the question “Is there a relationship between oral health status and inflammatory bowel diseases?”. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, [...] Read more.
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic disorders that affect the gastrointestinal tract, including the oral cavity. This systematic review was designed to answer the question “Is there a relationship between oral health status and inflammatory bowel diseases?”. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, fifteen studies were included (according to PRISMA statement guidelines). Due to their heterogeneity, only six articles about the prevalence of periodontal disease in IBD patients were included in the meta-analysis. Both Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients had an increased odds of periodontitis coincidence compared to the controls, more than 2- and 3-fold, respectively. Moreover, in most studies, patients with IBD were characterized by higher values of caries indices. In conclusion, despite the conducted systematic review, the risk of oral diseases in IBD patients cannot be clearly established due to the possible association of other factors, e.g., sociodemographic or environmental factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Health and Health Promotion Research)
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