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A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Exercise and Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 7322

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Dr. Dustin Scott Kehler

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School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
Interests: aging; healthy aging; circulatory and respiratory health; rehabilitation; health behaviors; therapeutic exercise

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Due to medical advancements and general improvements in social circumstances, people find themselves living longer. However, increased longevity does not mean people are living in good health, especially in their last decade of life. Indeed, people age at varying rates as they accumulate health deficits. Frailty is a way to describe the variability in adverse health outcomes at a given age. Among the major contributors to frailty in relation to the accumulation of health problems are high levels of sedentary behaviors and physical inactivity. In this Special Issue on “Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior on Older Adults” of IJERPH, original articles and systematic knowledge syntheses that contribute to a better understanding of the ways in which movement behaviors (i.e., sedentary behavior and physical activity) are unique and/or complementary in how they contribute to the outcomes related to frailty and/or aging are invited. Epidemiological studies using accelerometry, as well as clinical and intervention studies, are especially welcome.

Dr. Dustin Scott Kehler
Guest Editor

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Keywords

physical activity
sedentary behavior
frailty
aging
clinical trials
knowledge syntheses
epidemiological studies

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 1544 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparing Virtual and Center-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation on Changes in Frailty

by Evan MacEachern, Nicholas Giacomantonio, Olga Theou, Jack Quach, Wanda Firth, Ifedayo Abel-Adegbite and Dustin Scott Kehler

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(2), 1554; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph20021554 - 14 Jan 2023

Viewed by 1532

Abstract

Many patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are frail. Center-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) can improve frailty; however, whether virtual CR provides similar frailty improvements has not been examined. To answer this question, we (1) compared the effect of virtual and accelerated center-based CR on frailty and (2) determined if admission frailty affected frailty change and CVD biomarkers. The virtual and accelerated center-based CR programs provided exercise and education on nutrition, medication, exercise safety, and CVD. Frailty was measured with a 65-item frailty index. The primary outcome, frailty change, was analyzed with a two-way mixed ANOVA. Simple slopes analysis determined whether admission frailty affected frailty and CVD biomarker change by CR model type. Our results showed that admission frailty was higher in center-based versus virtual participants. However, we observed no main effect of CR model on frailty change. Results also revealed that participants who were frailer at CR admission observed greater frailty improvements and reductions in triglyceride and cholesterol levels when completing virtual versus accelerated center-based CR. Even though both program models did not change frailty, higher admission frailty was associated with greater frailty reductions and change to some CVD biomarkers in virtual CR. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior on Older Adults)

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17 pages, 952 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Life-Space Mobility and Objectively Measured Movement Behavior in Older Adults with Hypertension after Receiving COVID-19 Vaccination

by Rodrigo A. V. Browne, Ludmila L. P. Cabral, Gledson T. A. Oliveira, Geovani A. D. Macêdo, Júlio Sócrates, Raíssa de M. Silva, Maria B. F. Araújo, Yuri A. Freire and Eduardo C. Costa

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12532; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191912532 - 01 Oct 2022

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Abstract

This study examined the changes in life-space (LS) mobility and objectively measured movement behavior in older adults with hypertension after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine and their associations with housing type. A total of 32 participants were included in this exploratory longitudinal study with a 1-year follow-up. LS mobility and accelerometer-based physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) were assessed before and ~2 months after receiving COVID-19 vaccination. Participants residing in apartment/row housing showed an increase in LS mobility composite score (β = 14, p < 0.05). In addition, they showed an increase in light PA on weekdays and the weekend (β = 3.5%; β = 6.5%; p < 0.05) and a decrease in SB on weekdays and the weekend (β = −3.7%; β = −6.6%; p < 0.05). Furthermore, changes in SB pattern were found (less time spent in bouts of ≥10 and 30 min, more breaks/day and breaks/hour). Significant associations were found between changes in LS mobility composite score and PA (positive association) and SB (negative association) in older adults residing in apartment/row housing (p < 0.05). Older adults with hypertension, particularly those who resided in houses with limited outdoor space (apartment/row housing), showed positive changes in LS mobility and objectively measured movement behavior in a period after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine and characterized by social distancing policies without mobility restrictions when compared with the period of social distancing policies with high mobility restrictions and without vaccine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior on Older Adults)

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13 pages, 1111 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Physical Activity in Centenarians beyond Cut-Point-Based Accelerometer Metrics

by Adrián Hernández-Vicente, Jorge Marín-Puyalto, Esther Pueyo, Germán Vicente-Rodríguez and Nuria Garatachea

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(18), 11384; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191811384 - 09 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1739

Abstract

This study described and compared physical activity (PA) characteristics at the end of the human lifespan using conventional cut-point-based versus cut-point-free accelerometer metrics. Eighteen institutionalized centenarians (101.5 ± 2.1 years, 72.2% female, 89% frail) wore the wrist GENEActiv accelerometer for 7 days. Conventional metrics, such as time spent in light-intensity PA (LiPA) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) were calculated according to published cut-points for adults and older adults. The following cut-point-free metrics were evaluated: average acceleration, intensity gradient and Mx metrics. Depending on the cut-point, centenarians accumulated a median of 15–132 min/day of LiPA and 3–15 min/day of MVPA. The average acceleration was 9.2 mg [Q1: 6.7 mg–Q3: 12.6 mg] and the intensity gradient was −3.19 [−3.34–−3.12]. The distribution of Z-values revealed positive skew for MVPA, indicating a potential floor effect, whereas the skew magnitude was attenuated for cut-point-free metrics such as intensity gradient or M5. However, both cut-point-based and cut-point-free metrics were similarly positively associated with functional independence, cognitive and physical capacities. This is the first time that PA has been described in centenarians using cut-point-free metrics. Our results suggest that new analytical approaches could overcome cut-point limitations when studying the oldest-old. Future studies using these new cut-point-free PA metrics are warranted to provide more complete and comparable information across groups and populations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior on Older Adults)

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12 pages, 351 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association between Daily Physical Activity and Locomotive Syndrome in Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Yoshihiko Ishihara, Hayao Ozaki, Takashi Nakagata, Toshinori Yoshihara, Toshiharu Natsume, Tomoharu Kitada, Masayoshi Ishibashi, Pengyu Deng, Yasuyuki Yamada, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Shuichi Machida and Hisashi Naito

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(13), 8164; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19138164 - 03 Jul 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2189 | Correction

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the association between locomotive syndrome (LS) and daily physical activity (PA) in community-dwelling older adults. This cross-sectional study included 80 healthy Japanese older adults (40 men and 40 women; age: 60–79 years). Habitual daily PA was evaluated using a triaxial wrist accelerometer. Participants were divided into two groups based on the results of the two-step test, stand-up test, and 25-question geriatric locomotive function scale. Binomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the statistical relationships between daily PA and category of LS, adjusting for age from adjusted odds ratio (adjusted OR) with the 95 percent confidence intervals (95%CI) and bootstrap 95%CI. The mean step count and time spent on moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were significantly higher among non-LS participants than among LS participants in women, but not in men. Logistic regression analyses indicated that spending longer than 28 min/day on MVPA was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of LS relative to short time category under 28 min/day in women (adjusted OR = 0.12, 95%CI = 0.02–0.59, bootstrap 95%CI = 0.01–0.43), but not in men. This study suggests that in community-dwelling older women, those with higher MVPA had lower odds of LS, and daily MVPA was associated with LS, but not in men. Therefore, the associations between LS and daily physical activity were partly dependent on sex differences. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior on Older Adults)

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