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Socio-Cultural and Critical Approaches to Physical Education, Health and the Body

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A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Exercise and Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 46985

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Gustavo González-Calvo

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Guest Editor

Research Group for the Study of Physical Education, Recreational Physical Activity and Sports in the European Framework, Universidad de Valladolid, 47002 Valladolid, Spain
Interests: physical education; narratives; life story; embodiment; subjectivities of bodies

Dr. Alfonso Garcia-Monge

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Assistant Guest Editor

Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal, Universidad de Valladolid, 47002 Valladolid, Spain
Interests: physical education; embodiment; socialization process; learning process

Dr. Daniel Bores-García

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Assistant Guest Editor

Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Madrid, Spain
Interests: physical education; communities of practice; pedagogical models; subjectivities of bodies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

IJERPH is seeking manuscripts for a new Special Issue on “Socio-Cultural and Critical Approaches to Physical Education, Health and the Body”. The aim of socio-cultural and critical studies is to question daily life as something profoundly complex and yet amenable to understanding. Bodies are everywhere, and making sense of the body and health is part of our routine and taken-for-granted social behavior. People construct their body with words, actions, and meanings, in relationship with others and living in a specific society and culture.

Physical Education, under certain conditions, could foster wellbeing and help students to develop an understanding of themselves, accepting and respecting their own body realities and those of others, providing them with resources that help them to enjoy their bodies throughout their lives, with criteria for understanding and, where appropriate, questioning, the socio-economic framework they are part of. However, the current debate is centered around the so-called obesity discourse which, in recent years, has shifted the focus of Physical Education on fighting the growing epidemic of sofa children. A salutogenic perspective of health has inspired health-promoting initiatives in schools and young people’s engagement in community sport. In other cases, academics have drawn on a salutogenic health philosophy to inform new research agendas and rationales for school curriculums that move beyond a deficit perspective of youth, school PE, and its teachers.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to provide a collection of papers that examine Physical Education, bodies, and health from a socio-cultural and critical perspective. In so doing, it invites contributions around (but not limited to) the following topics.

What are socio-cultural and critical studies in relation to the Physical Education, body, and health?
The body, embodiment and bodywork;
Gender, sexuality, and Physical Education;
Obesity, fatness, and thinness;
Fitness, health, and wellbeing;
Studying Physical Education: methods and strategies;
Consumerism and the influences on the body and health;
The body, educational politics, and health;
The (re)invention of Physical Education;
Physical Education, space, and identity.

Dr. Gustavo González-Calvo
Dr. Alfonso Garcia-Monge
Dr. Daniel Bores-García
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

body
embodiment
physical education
health
obesity
educational politics
subjectivities of bodies

Published Papers (13 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

17 pages, 1046 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Health, Identification and Pleasure: An Ethnographic Study on the Self-Management and Construction of Taijiquan Park Culture Space

by Xiujie Ma, Jing Xie and George Jennings

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(16), 8860; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18168860 - 23 Aug 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2332

Abstract

The public space of a park is one of the most important carriers of social interaction and cultural practice in urban areas. Taking an ethnography of Taijiquan in Chengdu (China) as a case study, this article explores the production of Taijiquan’s “park culture space” (PCS). Our analysis revealed that the development of PCS not only transformed “public space” in the park to a “private space” through Taijiquan practice and exchange but also transformed “material space” in the park into “social space” with identification. We found that working on the process of self-managing Taijiquan’s “park culture space” included the democratic operation mechanism of communication and consultation, the cooperative operation mechanism of mutual benefit, and the incentive operation mechanism of balancing interests. Taijiquan’s “park culture space” was the reproduction of public space that was not only bonded with Taijiquan practice but was also reconstructed and expanded by Taijiquan practitioners. Furthermore, it involved the return of Taijiquan practitioners’ historical memory and collective life experience alongside the construction of Taijiquan practitioners’ group identity and the development of self-organization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Socio-Cultural and Critical Approaches to Physical Education, Health and the Body)

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9 pages, 551 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relation of Physical Activity Level to Postural Balance in Obese and Overweight Spanish Adult Males: A Cross-Sectional Study

by José Manuel Delfa-de la Morena, Eliane A. Castro, Miguel Ángel Rojo-Tirado and Daniel Bores-García

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(16), 8282; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18168282 - 05 Aug 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1806

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of physical activity level on postural control in obese and overweight Spanish adult males. Forty-three males aged between 25 and 60 years old were included. Anthropometric, body composition, and physical activity variables were assessed, and postural control was evaluated using the Sensory Organization Test. No correlation was found between the level of physical activity and postural control, assessed by the Sensory Organization Test within the whole sample. However, within the group with a higher total fat mass percentage, non-sedentary individuals presented improved scores on the somatosensory organization test when compared to sedentary individuals (96.9 ± 1.8 vs. 95.4 ± 1.2; p < 0.05) and poorer scores on the composite equilibrium score (73.4 ± 7.2 vs. 79.2 ± 6.9; p < 0.05). The altered integration of somatosensory inputs most likely affects the tuning, sequencing, and execution of balance strategies in sedentary men with a high total fat mass percentage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Socio-Cultural and Critical Approaches to Physical Education, Health and the Body)

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10 pages, 318 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Socioeconomic Inequities in Youth Participation in Physical Activity and Sports

by Pooja S. Tandon, Emily Kroshus, Katharine Olsen, Kimberly Garrett, Pingping Qu and Julie McCleery

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(13), 6946; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18136946 - 29 Jun 2021

Cited by 28 | Viewed by 6660

Abstract

Access to opportunities for physical activity and sports, and therefore potential benefits of participation, are distributed inequitably. The aims of this study were to describe and compare youth experiences related to sport and physical activity by socioeconomic factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted of students in 5–12th grades in King County, Washington, USA. Students were asked about physical activity and sports experiences and about demographic factors including family affluence, which was categorized as low, medium, and high. Participants were 1038 youth (50% girls, 58% non-White, and 32% from homes where languages other than English are spoken). Children from low-affluence families reported fewer days/week of physical activity, fewer sports sampled, and lower rates of ever playing sports. Greater proportions of children from low-affluence families reported these barriers to sports: (1) don’t want to get hurt, (2) don’t feel welcome on teams, (3) too expensive, and (4) transportation. Middle school children from high-affluence families had three times higher odds of meeting physical activity recommendations, and high-affluence high schoolers had three times higher odds of ever participating in sports compared to peers from low-affluence families. Socioeconomic status was inversely associated with outcomes related to youth physical activity and sports participation. The disproportionately reported barriers to sports participation are modifiable, and cross-sector solutions can help promote play equity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Socio-Cultural and Critical Approaches to Physical Education, Health and the Body)

15 pages, 395 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dance Is for All: A Social Marketing Intervention with Children and Adolescents to Reduce Prejudice towards Boys Who Dance

by Ana Silva, Elisabete Sá, Joaquim Silva and José Carlos Pinho

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(13), 6861; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18136861 - 26 Jun 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2501

Abstract

Dance is proven to offer a myriad of physical, psychological, and social benefits. However, because dance has been frequently perceived as a feminine practice, there is a prevailing prejudice towards boys who dance, making it hard for them to engage in this physical activity. Social marketing has been presented as a promising framework to deal with different social problems, including prejudice, although its effectiveness is still difficult to establish. Drawing on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), a quasi-experimental study involving a sample of 436 children and adolescents, composed of 51.38% boys and 48.62% girls was implemented to measure the effectiveness of a Social Marketing Intervention (SMI) in reducing prejudice towards dance and boys who dance, in particular, and in increasing their intentions to practice this physical activity. The study furthermore aimed to compare the influence of the SMI on participants of two different stages of child development to ascertain when it is most effective to intervene. The questionnaire was used to collect information and included items derived from relevant literature. To assess differences between children and adolescents before and after the SMI, the analysis relied on independent t-tests and paired t-tests. Results suggest positive effects of the SMI on some dimensions of the TPB. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Socio-Cultural and Critical Approaches to Physical Education, Health and the Body)

15 pages, 6325 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Perspective of Physical Education Teachers in Spain Regarding Barriers to the Practice of Physical Activity among Immigrant Children and Adolescents: A Qualitative Study

by Romain Marconnot, Jorge Pérez-Corrales, Juan Nicolás Cuenca-Zaldívar, Javier Güeita-Rodríguez, Pilar Carrasco-Garrido, Cristina García-Bravo, Eva Solera-Hernández, Sonia Gutiérrez Gómez-Calcerrada and Domingo Palacios-Ceña

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(11), 5598; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18115598 - 24 May 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2989

Abstract

Physical activity (PA) contributes to the development of children and adolescents and to their mental and physical health. The practice of PA in the school context can contribute towards generating a more inclusive educational community for immigrant children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to describe the perspectives of Spanish physical education (PE) teachers on the practice of PA among immigrant children and adolescents. This research was a qualitative exploratory study. A purposeful sampling strategy was used. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and field notes. Twenty teachers were recruited. An inductive thematic analysis and content analysis were applied. The following topics were identified: (a) Professional expectations; (b) Economic resources; (c) Integration; (d) Family; (e) Religious beliefs and practices; and (f) Gender difference. A predominance of positive emotions was identified in the narratives, and the most repeated words in word clouds were ‘Caribbean’, ‘Latin’, and ‘population’. These findings help to identify PA barriers for immigrant children and adolescents and may contribute to the creation of PA-based interventions in social and educational contexts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Socio-Cultural and Critical Approaches to Physical Education, Health and the Body)

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15 pages, 1404 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sociopolitical Approach to the Launch History of the KBO League: Application of Complex System Paradigm

by Won-Chul Bing

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(10), 5471; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18105471 - 20 May 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2469

Abstract

The Korean Baseball Organization (KBO) League is a sports culture that Koreans love and enjoy most. However, the launch of the KBO League is related to political issues in Korea. The purpose of this study is to explain the launch history of the KBO league through a sociopolitical approach. The history of the KBO league was explained by applying a complex paradigm that explains sociocultural phenomena from a new perspective. This study used historical analysis, a qualitative study approach. Literature related to Korean professional baseball, complex system theory, sports, and politics were reviewed. This study introduces the characteristics and theory of the complex system paradigm and analyzes the history of the KBO League based on this theory. The edge of chaos, bifurcation point, positive feedback, emergence of the theory of complex system are used as elements of an overall theoretical framework to analyze the history and development of the KBO league. The study results are explained in four frameworks. First, the KBO was launched on the edge of chaos, or in the midst of social chaos provoked by Chun Doo-Hwan, who seized power through a military coup. Second, the Chun Doo-Hwan regime launched the professional baseball league to divert the public’s attention from politics to sports and provided support to construct baseball fields as venues for the national pastime. The Chun Doo-Hwan regime’s appeasement policy became a bifurcation point, which promoted the launch of the professional baseball league. Third, from the viewpoint of the complex system paradigm, the launch of the Korean baseball league was enabled by the positive feedback of the Korea professional baseball promotion committee, established in 1975 under the initiative of Korean American businessman Hong Yoon-Hee. Fourth, the Korean professional baseball league led to the emergence of the consumption culture of professional sports, and it became a national leisure and a crucial part of Korea’s sports culture. In terms of sociopolitical, the KBO League started in the dark of Korean society, but it is becoming a vitality for Korean sports culture and health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Socio-Cultural and Critical Approaches to Physical Education, Health and the Body)

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20 pages, 1956 KiB

Open AccessArticle

“Hang the Flesh off the Bones”: Cultivating an “Ideal Body” in Taijiquan and Neigong

by Xiujie Ma and George Jennings

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(9), 4417; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18094417 - 21 Apr 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2943

Abstract

In a globalized, media-driven society, people are being exposed to different cultural and philosophical ideas. In Europe, the School of Internal Arts (pseudonym) follows key principles of the ancient Chinese text The Yijinjing (The Muscle-Tendon Change Classic) “Skeleton up, flesh down”, in its online and offline pedagogy. This article draws on an ongoing ethnographic, netnographic and cross-cultural investigation of the transmission of knowledge in this atypical association that combines Taijiquan with a range of practices such as Qigong, body loosening exercises and meditation. Exploring the ideal body cultivated by the students, we describe and illustrate key (and often overlooked) body areas—namely the spine, scapula, Kua and feet, which are continually worked on in the School of Internal Arts’ exercise-based pedagogy. We argue that Neigong and Taijiquan, rather than being forms of physical education, are vehicles for adult physical re-education. This re-education offers space in which mind-body tension built over the life course are systematically released through specific forms of attentive, meditative exercise to lay the foundations for a strong, powerful body for martial artistry and health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Socio-Cultural and Critical Approaches to Physical Education, Health and the Body)

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14 pages, 1051 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Teaching Approaches to Learn Theoretical Contents in Physical Education: A Study about Contour Lines

by Nicolás Julio Bores-Calle, Ana Escudero and Daniel Bores-García

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(22), 8599; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17228599 - 19 Nov 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2270

Abstract

Purpose: Fostering student’s map reading skills, specifically understanding contour lines, is a challenging area of the Physical Education curriculum. Method: 238 students in their first year of secondary education (Mage = 13.1) were randomly assigned to one of these experimental conditions in physical education classes: (a) Teaching intervention 1 (TI-1): integrating the concept of contour lines into practical sessions of acrobatic gymnastics; (b) TI-2: theoretical sessions regarding contour lines; (c) Active control (AC): reading an introductory text about topographic maps; and two passive controls (PC) without any intervention, (d) PC-1 and (e) PC-2. Results: All students, except for PC-2, improved their knowledge of contour lines. Nevertheless, performing corporal figures (in TI-1) and employing pointing and tracing gestures (in TI-2) helped students to correctly resolve a broader range of tasks. Conclusions: The results highlighted the benefits of teaching proposals that favor movement and the experience of the body. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Socio-Cultural and Critical Approaches to Physical Education, Health and the Body)

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15 pages, 375 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experiences of a Teacher in Relation to the Student’s Feelings of Learned Helplessness

by Gustavo González-Calvo

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(21), 8280; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17218280 - 09 Nov 2020

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2935

Abstract

This paper is based on the concern of a novice physical education teacher to reinforce the self-esteem and motor competence sensations of students during lessons. This concern arises from the experiences gained as a student. I draw on autobiographical narratives to delve into how these experiences led me to develop a feeling of learned incompetence, a sense of failure within the educational system and, consequently, an obvious difficulty to shape my personal and professional identity. However, it is these same experiences that condition professional development and teaching practice. Thus, I attempt to break from pedagogical models and to offer a dignified and democratic education to students. I attempt to engage the reader by communicating the subjectivity of different moments in a provocative, fragmented, physical, and emotional manner. Thus, I share the concerns, reflections, and manner of working, as a teacher, in the form of autobiographical reports and class journals. The intention is to understand how this manner of working responds to the feelings of incompetence learned by school children. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Socio-Cultural and Critical Approaches to Physical Education, Health and the Body)

14 pages, 561 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Meaning of Physical Activity: A Qualitative Study on the Perspective of South American Immigrant Parents

by Romain Marconnot, Antonio Luis Marín-Rojas, Carmen Jiménez-Antona, Jorge Pérez-Corrales, Javier Güeita-Rodríguez and Domingo Palacios-Ceña

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(20), 7500; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17207500 - 15 Oct 2020

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2410

Abstract

Physical activity facilitates the acquisition of healthy habits from childhood to adulthood. There are differences in the practice of physical activity between immigrant children and native Spanish children. The aim was to describe physical activity in children, from the perspective of South American immigrant parents. A qualitative case study was conducted. Parents were recruited using purposeful sampling. Data were collected from 12 participants by means of unstructured interviews together with researcher notes. A thematic analysis was applied. The following topics were identified: (a) physical activity and health, (b) socialization, (c) the need for movement, (d) gender, (e) barriers, (f) educational burden, (g) community living, and (h) reason for immigrating. Parents described how physical activity is fundamental and has benefits for health, and for the relationship between children. They perceived that physical activity should not be limited by gender. The time dedicated to other school activities, the norms related to community living, and financial limitations were especially relevant as barriers for the performance of physical activity. These results can be used to revise the curriculum in schools, promote equal opportunities for physical activity and support family participation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Socio-Cultural and Critical Approaches to Physical Education, Health and the Body)

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17 pages, 374 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Social Justice Pedagogies in School Health and Physical Education—Building Relationships, Teaching for Social Cohesion and Addressing Social Inequities

by Göran Gerdin, Lena Larsson, Katarina Schenker, Susanne Linnér, Kjersti Mordal Moen, Knut Westlie, Wayne Smith and Rod Philpot

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(18), 6904; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17186904 - 21 Sep 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3888

Abstract

A focus on equity and social justice in school health and physical education (HPE) is pertinent in an era where there are growing concerns about the impact of neoliberal globalization and the precariousness of society. The aim of the present study was to identify school HPE teaching practices that promote social justice and more equitable health outcomes. Data were generated through 20 HPE lesson observations and post-lesson interviews with 13 HPE teachers across schools in Sweden, Norway, and New Zealand. The data were analysed following the principles of thematic analysis. In this paper, we present and discuss findings related to three overall themes: (i) relationships; (ii) teaching for social cohesion; (iii) and explicitly teaching about, and acting on, social inequities. Collectively, these themes represent examples of the enactment of social justice pedagogies in HPE practice. To conclude, we point out the difficulty of enacting social justice pedagogies and that social justice pedagogies may not always transform structures nor make a uniform difference to all students. However, on the basis of our findings, we are reaffirmed in our view that HPE teachers can make a difference when it comes to contributing to more socially just and equitable outcomes in HPE and beyond. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Socio-Cultural and Critical Approaches to Physical Education, Health and the Body)

21 pages, 703 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Examining Gender Differences, Personality Traits, Academic Performance, and Motivation in Ukrainian and Polish Students of Physical Education: A Cross-Cultural Study

by Cezary Kuśnierz, Aleksandra M. Rogowska and Iuliia Pavlova

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(16), 5729; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17165729 - 07 Aug 2020

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 8643

Abstract

Background: This study examined the relationship of academic performance with the Big Five traits of personality, academic motivation, and gender in a cross-cultural context. Methods: Participants in the study were 424 university students of physical education (PE) departments from Poland (53%) and Ukraine (47%). Undergraduates completed a brief version of the International Personality Item Pool (Mini-IPIP) to assess the Five-Factor model of personality, the Academic Motivations Scale (AMS), and grade point average (GPA). Results: Polish PE students scored higher in emotional stability and extroversion and had a higher GPA than Ukrainian PE undergraduates. Gender differences were found in both personality traits and academic motivation scales. Intrinsic motivation may predict academic performance. Conscientiousness and intellect emerged as mediators of the relationship between intrinsic motivation and academic performance and gender was found as a moderator in the relationship between conscientiousness and academic success. Conclusions: Women are more motivated regarding academic achievements than men. In addition to intrinsic motivation, the most important factors for academic grades are some personality traits, gender, and cultural differences. Openness and conscientiousness in men are mediators between intrinsic motivation and academic performance. The results of this study may be useful for PE academic teachers to improve the motivation of their students. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Socio-Cultural and Critical Approaches to Physical Education, Health and the Body)

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Review

Jump to: Research

12 pages, 592 KiB

Open AccessReview

Systematic Review of Self-Assessment in Physical Education

by Fernando M. Otero-Saborido, Victor Torreblanca-Martínez and José Antonio González-Jurado

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(2), 766; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18020766 - 18 Jan 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3689

Abstract

Self-assessment is among the most impactful processes in student learning. Since no review of this process was found in the field of physical education (PE), the objective of this work was to perform a systematic review of the literature published over the last five years on the self-assessment of PE students in formal education contexts. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to select the articles. A total of three researchers independently applied the above criteria and obtained a total of thirteen studies. After synthesising the results by category, we found that: a majority of the studies were conducted in Europe; all 13 studies covered the educational stages of either secondary or higher education; an even number of qualitative and quantitative approaches were distributed among the studies; some studies focused on specific sports or contents, while others were applicable to any subject; and, finally, depending on the research design adopted, the results described self-assessment strategy processes, improvements in learning, drew descriptive portraits of students regarding health, or reflected students’ positive perceptions of self-assessment. It is necessary to conduct further studies on PE students’ self-assessment, especially in primary education. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Socio-Cultural and Critical Approaches to Physical Education, Health and the Body)

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