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Suicide Attempt Research and Suicide Prevention
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Suicide Attempt Research and Suicide Prevention

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Mental Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 38178

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Marios Adamou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
Interests: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; autism spectrum disorder; artificial intelligence; systems thinking; healthcare service development
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Suicide is a major public health issue and is a frequent cause of death worldwide. Suicide is an act by an individual which emerges after a complex and detrimental interplay of several factors such as societal, psychological, spiritual, clinical, and biological.

This call for papers aims to bring together a wide range of interdisciplinary research around the world to provide high-quality evidence and further our current understanding in the field of suicide.

This Special Issue will investigate the issue of suicide from the perspectives of different clinical groups and services. These groups can include child and adolescent populations, older adult populations, people with an intellectual disability, people with neurodevelopmental disorders, affective disorders, anxiety disorders, LGBTQ+ populations, and people accessing primary care, secondary care, prison services.

Manuscripts can include reviews or original research and for the specific population or service groups authors can approach the topic discussing epidemiology, risk factors, interventions, and service provision for patients and families.

Prof. Dr. Marios Adamou
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • suicide prevention
  • interventions to prevent suicide
  • suicide prediction
  • evidence-informed interventions
  • suicide clinical risk assessment
  • artificial intelligence
  • systems approach to suicide prevention

Published Papers (15 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 916 KiB  
Article
The Roles of Endorsement and Stigma in Suicidal Ideation and Behavior among Chinese College Students
by Shunyan Lyu and Yu Li
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(1), 877; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph20010877 - 03 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1733
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that stereotypes towards suicide, including endorsement of suicide and stigma toward suicide, may contribute to suicidal ideation and behaviors. However, this has not been examined directly. In this study, we examined whether endorsement of suicide and stigma toward suicide [...] Read more.
Previous studies have suggested that stereotypes towards suicide, including endorsement of suicide and stigma toward suicide, may contribute to suicidal ideation and behaviors. However, this has not been examined directly. In this study, we examined whether endorsement of suicide and stigma toward suicide are involved in the pathway from suicidal ideation to suicide attempts among college students. To this end, we used the Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale (SIDAS), the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), and the Stigma of Suicide Scale (SOSS) to assess suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, endorsement of suicide, and stigma toward suicide, respectively, in a sample of 944 Chinese college students (mean age, 20.97 years). Using mediation analysis, we found that suicidal ideation partially mediated the relationship between endorsement of suicide and suicide attempts and between stigma toward suicide and suicide attempts. These findings provide novel evidence that endorsement of suicide and stigma toward suicide are closely associated with suicide attempts, but partially through the influences of suicidal ideation. Future studies should elaborate on their longitudinal relationships. Implications of these findings for clinical practices are discussed with reference to the ideation-to-action framework of suicide, aiming to reduce suicidal behaviors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Suicide Attempt Research and Suicide Prevention)
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11 pages, 352 KiB  
Article
Association between Sleep and Suicidal Ideation in Chinese Undergraduate Students
by Ran Wu, Chun-Ying Wang, Feng Wang, Yu-Jing Wang, Hong Zhu, Guang-Hai Wang and Chun-Lei Jiang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 15433; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192315433 - 22 Nov 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1757
Abstract
Suicide is an important global public health issue, which deserves more attention. This study aims to examine the relative independent relationship between suicide ideation and subjective sleep quality, sleep hygiene, and insomnia symptoms in undergraduate students in China. This population-based study included 2379 [...] Read more.
Suicide is an important global public health issue, which deserves more attention. This study aims to examine the relative independent relationship between suicide ideation and subjective sleep quality, sleep hygiene, and insomnia symptoms in undergraduate students in China. This population-based study included 2379 undergraduate students aged 18–26, randomly recruited from three public universities in Shanghai. The participants completed four questionnaires: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; Sleep Hygiene Practice Scale; Insomnia Severity Index; and the Symptom Checklist 90 (specifically the depression and anxiety dimensions and Q15-suicide ideation). The results of Spearman’s correlation analysis indicate that poor sleep quality, short sleep duration, poor sleep hygiene, and insomnia symptoms were all associated with suicidal ideation in undergraduate students. However, according to the results of the hierarchical linear regression, no experience of sharing a bedroom at home, poor relationship with roommates, short sleep duration, sleep medicine use, and good daytime function were related to suicidal ideation, after controlling for the symptoms of depression and anxiety, which may be important in the identification of suicidal ideation. Sleep problems are highly discoverable and modifiable, and have a low sense of shame, therefore, sleep interventions for individuals with suicidal ideation and poor sleep quality may be an efficient and effective approach to suicide prevention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Suicide Attempt Research and Suicide Prevention)
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10 pages, 326 KiB  
Article
Determinants of Suicide Ideation in the Romanian Population
by Mihaela Elvira Vuscan, Cristina Faludi, Sergiu Ionica Rusu, Mihaela Laura Vica, Stefana Balici, Costel Vasile Siserman, Horia George Coman and Horea Vladi Matei
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(16), 10384; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191610384 - 20 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1378
Abstract
Background: Suicide ideation and behaviors are directly linked to the risk of death by suicide. In Romania, as well as worldwide, increased suicide rates were observed in the recent past, more so in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this [...] Read more.
Background: Suicide ideation and behaviors are directly linked to the risk of death by suicide. In Romania, as well as worldwide, increased suicide rates were observed in the recent past, more so in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of psychosocial factors, quality of life (QOL), and loneliness dimensions and adverse life antecedents on suicide ideation (SI) and prolonged sadness (PS). Methods: This cross-sectional quantitative research study used a CATI data gathering method to investigate 1102 randomly selected individuals over 18 years of age regarding various determinants of SI and PS. Data were collected in June 2021. Descriptive, inferential, and multivariate statistics were used for data analysis. Results: SI was negatively correlated with all the assessed psychosocial factors, more significantly with family relationships, wealth, health, social relationships, and affective life. Stronger correlations were observed when investigating the state of prolonged sadness, sex, and affective lives along with health and income, which were more influential. SI was negatively correlated with QOL and positively correlated with adverse life events and total loneliness scores. Lesser educated youngsters with reduced overall happiness and a history of depression, self-harm, and trauma were at greater risk of developing SI. Conclusions: This is the first national study exploring the suicide ideation and prolonged sadness in relation to psychosocial factors, quality of life, and adverse life events. These results have important implications for suicide prevention programs, which should be designed in accordance with similar studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Suicide Attempt Research and Suicide Prevention)
18 pages, 1308 KiB  
Article
A Psychometric Pilot Study Examining the Functions of Suicidal Communications Using IRT and Factor Analysis
by Kaitlyn R. Schuler, Margaret M. Baer, Ryon C. McDermott and Phillip N. Smith
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(16), 10081; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191610081 - 15 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1405
Abstract
Background: Suicide prevention, an important public health issue, relies on suicidal communications to identify and intervene with those at risk. Scant research tests explicit theories of suicidal communication impeding applications to prevention science. The current study pilots a new measure assessing the functions [...] Read more.
Background: Suicide prevention, an important public health issue, relies on suicidal communications to identify and intervene with those at risk. Scant research tests explicit theories of suicidal communication impeding applications to prevention science. The current study pilots a new measure assessing the functions of suicidal communications using factor analysis and item response theory. Methods: MTurk workers (n = 898) completed an anonymous survey. The original scale included 35 items refined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, bifactor modeling, and item response theory. Results: The initial EFA identified a two-correlated-factor solution. The two-correlated-factor and unidimensional models yielded a poor fit. A bifactor model yielded a borderline to acceptable fit. The final four items were identified using a bifactor model and item response theory graded response models capturing ambivalence resolution defined as behaviors aimed to aid in suicide decision making. The final model yielded an excellent fit: 𝝌2(2) = 1.81, CFI (1.00), TLI (1.00), RMSEA (0.00), and SRMR (0.01). Conclusions: There may be one function of suicidal communications. Disclosure may elicit connection and reasons for living that serve as barriers to suicide and resolve ambivalence. Key limitations include convenience sampling and limited validity measures. Future research should partner with participants to improve scale and theory development efforts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Suicide Attempt Research and Suicide Prevention)
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14 pages, 604 KiB  
Article
Examining Risk Factors in the Cannabis–Suicide Link: Considering Trauma and Impulsivity among University Students
by Ayeila Z. B. Daneshmend, Jayme Stewart, Dana A. Jarkas, Sabina I. Franklyn, Robert L. Gabrys, Zachary R. Patterson, Alfonso Abizaid, Kim G. C. Hellemans and Robyn J. McQuaid
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(15), 9307; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19159307 - 29 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2431
Abstract
Cannabis is a commonly used substance among university students that may have several negative health repercussions, including suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA). The factors that contribute to or help explain this relation remain uncertain. Earlier negative experiences, especially trauma encountered during [...] Read more.
Cannabis is a commonly used substance among university students that may have several negative health repercussions, including suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA). The factors that contribute to or help explain this relation remain uncertain. Earlier negative experiences, especially trauma encountered during early life, have been associated with the development of psychopathology upon later stressor encounters. In the current study, we examined the associations between SI and SA with problematic cannabis use among young adults and the role of earlier trauma experiences and trait impulsiveness in understanding this link. Among university students (N = 539), problematic cannabis use was moderately related to lifetime and past-12-months suicidal ideation and attempts. Impulsiveness mediated the relationship between problematic cannabis use and lifetime SI and SA. Moreover, previous life trauma moderated the relationship between problematic cannabis use and SA, such that the association between problematic cannabis use and SA was stronger among those who experienced high levels of trauma. These findings highlight behavioral and environmental factors that could predict suicide ideation and attempts among young cannabis users. Accordingly, trait impulsiveness and early trauma experiences should be considered, alongside problematic cannabis use, in suicide-risk detection and prevention strategies among young adults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Suicide Attempt Research and Suicide Prevention)
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11 pages, 718 KiB  
Article
Childhood Trauma and Suicide: The Mediating Effect of Stress and Sleep
by Ran Wu, Hong Zhu, Meng-Yang Wu, Guang-Hai Wang and Chun-Lei Jiang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(14), 8493; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19148493 - 12 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2258
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between suicide risk, perceived stress, and sleep quality through a structural equation modeling approach. This study used convenience sampling to survey 780 undergraduate and graduate students aged 18–30 years. Students were invited to participate in the [...] Read more.
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between suicide risk, perceived stress, and sleep quality through a structural equation modeling approach. This study used convenience sampling to survey 780 undergraduate and graduate students aged 18–30 years. Students were invited to participate in the online questionnaires, which included the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The results showed that suicide ideation and suicidal behavior were positively correlated with childhood trauma, stress, and sleep. A well-fitted structural equation model (χ2 = 1.52, df = 1, χ2/df = 1.52, RMSEA = 0.03, CFI = 1.00, NFI = 1.00) was constructed in this study. The hierarchical regression test showed significance in all the path coefficients of the model. The total effect of emotional abuse on suicide behaviors was 49.5%. The mediating effects accounted for 73.7% of the total effects of emotional abuse on suicidal behaviors. The results demonstrate efforts targeting stress and poor sleep might mitigate the risk of suicidal behaviors among individuals with early emotional abuse experiences. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Suicide Attempt Research and Suicide Prevention)
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16 pages, 627 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Factors Associated with the Risk of Suicide in a Brazilian Capital: Cross-Sectional Study
by Marcos Vinicius de Carvalho Mendes, Solange Laurentino dos Santos, Claudia Cristina Lima de Castro, Betise Mery Alencar Sousa Macau Furtado, Heitor Victor Veiga da Costa, Albanita Gomes da Costa de Ceballos, Pauliana Valéria Machado Galvão and Cristine Vieira do Bonfim
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(1), 373; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19010373 - 30 Dec 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1518
Abstract
Suicide and suicide attempts are considered global health problems. With regard to the main causes of unnatural deaths, Brazil ranks as the eighth country with the highest absolute number of suicides. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors associated with [...] Read more.
Suicide and suicide attempts are considered global health problems. With regard to the main causes of unnatural deaths, Brazil ranks as the eighth country with the highest absolute number of suicides. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors associated with the risk of suicide in a metropolitan city in Brazil. This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Recife, in the northeast region of Brazil. Epidemiological surveillance was conducted on the information systems regarding attempted suicide, suicide, and undetermined deaths in the period from 2007 to 2017. A record linkage between the information systems was performed. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and logistic regression were performed with an adopted a significance level of 5%. In the city of Recife, there were 4495 suicide attempts in the period, and the most frequent suicide attempts were by single females, aged between 20 and 39 years old, and who used either medication or poison to die by suicide. A total of 141 individuals died by suicide, and exogenous intoxication was the most common method. Knowing the common characteristics and associated factors of those who attempt and die by suicide is key for the development of prevention policies and intervention strategies for suicide. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Suicide Attempt Research and Suicide Prevention)
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14 pages, 770 KiB  
Article
Mental Health Outcomes among Chinese College Students over a Decade
by Sibo Zhao, Jie Zhang, Lisu Peng and Wenhui Yang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(23), 12742; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182312742 - 03 Dec 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2212
Abstract
Background: Economic growth in China has brought about significant social and psychological changes in society. Objective: This study aims to explore how the mental and psychological health of college students has changed over the past decade. Methods: We observed several cohort samples in [...] Read more.
Background: Economic growth in China has brought about significant social and psychological changes in society. Objective: This study aims to explore how the mental and psychological health of college students has changed over the past decade. Methods: We observed several cohort samples in a Chinese university over a decade and looked at five mental health outcomes, including suicidal ideation, depression, optimism, self-esteem, and perceived social support, throughout each year of testing. Results: Our study highlights the declining rates of suicidal ideation and depression, combined with relative stability and even small increases in optimism, self-esteem, and perceived social support across a range of demographic variables. Conclusions: The findings of this study imply that in the context of economic growth, stabilizing and improving positive mental health states can help prevent and reduce the risk of depression and suicidal ideation among college students. The study also highlighted the need for more public health campaigns and interventions in universities to help students cope with mental health problems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Suicide Attempt Research and Suicide Prevention)
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13 pages, 340 KiB  
Article
Positive Relationships with Adults and Resilience to Suicide Attempt among New Mexico Hispanic Adolescents
by Meryn Hall, Lynne Fullerton, Dan Green and Courtney A. FitzGerald
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(19), 10430; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph181910430 - 04 Oct 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2551
Abstract
Suicide is a leading cause of adolescent death and has increased in recent years. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect that relationships with adults at home and in the community had on the probability of suicide attempts of Hispanic [...] Read more.
Suicide is a leading cause of adolescent death and has increased in recent years. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect that relationships with adults at home and in the community had on the probability of suicide attempts of Hispanic teenagers in New Mexico. Data from the 2019 New Mexico Youth Risk and Resiliency Survey were analyzed to identify the ways in which relationships with adults influenced suicide attempts among Hispanic adolescent students. The examined factors included: relationships with adults in the home and in the community and with same-age friends, and participation in hobbies or organizations outside of school. The resiliency factors were similar for male and female Hispanic students. As positive relationships with adults at home or in the community increased, the probability of suicide attempts decreased by 37–54%. Positive relationships with same-age friends were also associated with reduced suicide attempts. Community organization involvement and hobbies affected males and females differently. Adults at home and in the community can decrease the risk of suicide for Hispanic teenagers through supportive relationships. Hybrid programs focusing on adolescent health, positive communication, and academic support, which integrate adults from home and community environments, show promise in reducing suicidal thoughts and other risk behaviors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Suicide Attempt Research and Suicide Prevention)
15 pages, 2096 KiB  
Article
Characteristics of Presentations to the Emergency Department Following Attempted Suicide with Drugs
by Mirjam Kummer, Thomas Müller, Aristomenis K. Exadaktylos, Stephan Krähenbühl and Evangelia Liakoni
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(19), 10232; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph181910232 - 28 Sep 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2370
Abstract
A relatively high proportion of attempted suicides employ self-poisoning with medication. Data from emergency department presentations can help to identify possible risk drug classes and provide a basis for preventive measures. This retrospective analysis included cases presenting at the emergency department of the [...] Read more.
A relatively high proportion of attempted suicides employ self-poisoning with medication. Data from emergency department presentations can help to identify possible risk drug classes and provide a basis for preventive measures. This retrospective analysis included cases presenting at the emergency department of the University Hospital of Bern, Switzerland, from May 2012 to August 2016, after attempted suicide with drugs. We excluded attempted suicides with only alcohol or other non-medical substances. During the study period, there were 488 cases (466 patients) of attempted suicide with medical substances. The median patient age was 33 years (range 16–93) and 354 (73%) cases were female. The most commonly involved substances/drug classes were benzo-diazepines (n = 167, 34%), neuroleptics (n = 114, 23%) and paracetamol (n = 111, 23%). A total of 231 (47%) cases employed only a single substance. Common symptoms included somnolence (n = 245, 50%), tachycardia (n = 119, 24%) and nausea/vomiting (n = 76, 16%). In most cases, the poisoning was of minor severity (n = 231, 47%) and the patients were admitted to a psychiatric hospital (n = 264, 54%). Important preventive measures may include careful monitoring for suicidal behaviour when prescribing psychotropic drugs, in addition to restrictions in pack size. Efforts should also be made to enhance the awareness of health professionals qualified to prescribe or supply paracetamol. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Suicide Attempt Research and Suicide Prevention)
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14 pages, 1531 KiB  
Article
How Loneliness Worked on Suicidal Ideation among Chinese Nursing Home Residents: Roles of Depressive Symptoms and Resilience
by Yang Yang, Rui Wang, Dan Zhang, Xia Zhao and Yonggang Su
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(10), 5472; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18105472 - 20 May 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2881
Abstract
Suicide in later life is becoming severe under rapid population aging, especially for nursing home residents. Loneliness, an increasingly represented issue among nursing home residents, is found to be a risk factor for depressive symptoms. Both loneliness and depressive symptoms may contribute to [...] Read more.
Suicide in later life is becoming severe under rapid population aging, especially for nursing home residents. Loneliness, an increasingly represented issue among nursing home residents, is found to be a risk factor for depressive symptoms. Both loneliness and depressive symptoms may contribute to the development of suicidal ideation. According to the Protective Factor Model, resilience can act as a moderating role interacting with risk factors to buffer the negative effects on the outcome. The present study aimed to assess the mediating role of depressive symptoms and the moderating effect of resilience on the risk factors of suicidal ideation to attenuate the adverse contribution among nursing home residents. A total of 538 nursing home residents participated in this cross-sectional study, and their suicidal ideation, resilience, loneliness, and depressive symptoms were measured. The mediating effect and moderated mediation model were tested using the Macro Process of SPSS 21.0. Statistics showed that 19.7% of participants had suicidal ideation. The mediating model (H1: B = 0.477, p < 0.001; H2: B = 0.325, p < 0.001; H3: B = 0.308, p < 0.001) and the moderating effect of resilience interacting loneliness (H4: B = −0.133, p < 0.001; H6: B = −0.109, p < 0.001) and depressive symptoms (H5: B = −0.077, p < 0.001) were statistically significant. The findings indicated the protective effect of resilience in alleviating the negative influence of risk factors for suicidal ideation, suggesting that positive psychological interventions for resilience building might be effective in suicide prevention among nursing home residents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Suicide Attempt Research and Suicide Prevention)
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16 pages, 380 KiB  
Article
Self-Injurious Behavior in Community Youth
by Yeonkyeong Son, Sojung Kim and Jong-Sun Lee
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(4), 1955; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18041955 - 17 Feb 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2958
Abstract
The rapid increase of self-injurious behavior among Korean adolescents, and its reckless spread on social media, has driven the necessity to study this behavior. The present study investigates the characteristics of self-injurious behavior among adolescents in local communities, and the psychological factors affecting [...] Read more.
The rapid increase of self-injurious behavior among Korean adolescents, and its reckless spread on social media, has driven the necessity to study this behavior. The present study investigates the characteristics of self-injurious behavior among adolescents in local communities, and the psychological factors affecting such behavior. Questionnaires were administered to 516 sixth graders in elementary school and first to third graders in middle school of both genders, nationwide. They measured the prevalence and characteristics of self-injurious behavior and the relevant psychological factors, such as levels of depression, anxiety, and self-esteem. Furthermore, group differences were assessed for self-injury experience and the characteristics relevant to self-injurious behavior. In addition, this study performs logistic regression to explore the risk factors predicting self-injurious behavior. In all, 166 participants (32.2%) reported self-injury, with a higher rate of self-injury in female students than in male students. Although the study finds high rates of mild forms of self-injury, such as “biting”, “pulling hair,” and “hitting self”, it also finds relatively high reports of more risky methods, such as “cutting or carving”. The logistic regression shows a significant effect of the negative self-image sub-factor of depression (CDI) and oversensitivity and physical and sleep problems sub-factors of anxiety (RCMAS) on self-injurious behavior. The rates of self-injury were higher in female participants than in male ones, and adolescents in local communities reported higher rates of mild forms of self-injury than the moderate/severe forms. The results of this study suggest that early screenings and interventions should be conducted through evaluation of self-image and emotional stability of early adolescents to hinder the risk of self-harm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Suicide Attempt Research and Suicide Prevention)
14 pages, 373 KiB  
Article
The Role of Past Suicidal Behavior on Current Suicidality: A Retrospective Study in the Israeli Military
by Leah Shelef, Jessica M Rabbany, Peter M Gutierrez, Ron Kedem, Ariel Ben Yehuda, J. John Mann and Assaf Yacobi
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(2), 649; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18020649 - 14 Jan 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2545
Abstract
Past suicide attempts are a significant risk factor for future suicidality. Therefore, the present military-based study examined the past suicidal behavior of soldiers who recently made a severe suicide attempt. Our sample consisted of 65 active-duty soldiers (61.5% males), between the ages of [...] Read more.
Past suicide attempts are a significant risk factor for future suicidality. Therefore, the present military-based study examined the past suicidal behavior of soldiers who recently made a severe suicide attempt. Our sample consisted of 65 active-duty soldiers (61.5% males), between the ages of 18 and 28 years old (M = 20.4, SD ± 1.3). The inclusion criterion was a recent severe suicide attempt, requiring at least a 24 h hospitalization. This sample was divided into two groups, according to previous suicidal behavior, namely whether their first suicide attempt was before or after enlistment (n = 25; 38.5% and n = 40; 61.5%, respectively). We then examined the lethality and intent of the recent event in regard to this division. Four measures were used to assess the subjects’ suicidal characteristics: the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale, the Self-Harm Behavior Questionnaire, the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. No significant difference in the severity of the suicide attempts (either actual or potential severity) were found between those who had suicide attempts before enlistment and those who had their first attempt in the service. As a matter of fact, most of the suicide attempts that occurred for the first time during military service had used a violent method (58.3%, n = 21). Finally, using multivariate analyses, we found that current thoughts and behavior, rather than past suicidality, was the strongest predictor for the lethality of suicide attempts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Suicide Attempt Research and Suicide Prevention)
14 pages, 847 KiB  
Article
Suicidal Ideation Profiles in Patients with Fibromyalgia Using Transdiagnostic Psychological and Fibromyalgia-Associated Variables
by Jorge L. Ordóñez-Carrasco, María Sánchez-Castelló, Elena P. Calandre, Isabel Cuadrado-Guirado and Antonio J. Rojas-Tejada
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(1), 209; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18010209 - 30 Dec 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2658
Abstract
Several studies have emphasized the heterogeneity of fibromyalgia patients. Furthermore, fibromyalgia patients are considered a high-risk suicide group. The ideation-to-action framework proposes a set of transdiagnostic psychological factors involved in the development of suicidal ideation. The present study aims to explore the existence [...] Read more.
Several studies have emphasized the heterogeneity of fibromyalgia patients. Furthermore, fibromyalgia patients are considered a high-risk suicide group. The ideation-to-action framework proposes a set of transdiagnostic psychological factors involved in the development of suicidal ideation. The present study aims to explore the existence of different subgroups according to their vulnerability to suicidal ideation through these transdiagnostic psychological variables and a set of variables typically associated with fibromyalgia. In this cross-sectional study, 151 fibromyalgia patients were assessed through the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale, Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, Defeat Scale, Entrapment Scale, Psychache Scale, and Beck Hopelessness Scale. A K-means cluster analysis identified two clusters, one (45.70%) according to a low vulnerability, and a second (54.30%) with a high vulnerability to suicidal ideation. These clusters showed statistically significant differences in suicidal ideation and suicide risk. However, no differences were observed in most socio-demographic variables. In conclusion, fibromyalgia patients who present a clinical condition characterized by a moderate-high degree of physical dysfunction, overall disease impact and intensity of fibromyalgia-associated symptoms, along with a high degree of perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, defeat, entrapment, psychological pain and hopelessness, form a homogeneous group at high risk for suicidal ideation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Suicide Attempt Research and Suicide Prevention)
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Review

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15 pages, 706 KiB  
Review
A Scoping Review of Community-Based Adult Suicide Prevention Initiatives in Rural and Regional Australia
by Elissa Dabkowski, Joanne E. Porter, Michael S. Barbagallo, Valerie Prokopiv and Megan R. Jackson
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(12), 7007; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19127007 - 08 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5402
Abstract
The need for continued research into suicide prevention strategies is undeniable, with high global statistics demonstrating the urgency of this public health issue. In Australia, approximately 3000 people end their lives each year, with those living in rural and regional areas identified as [...] Read more.
The need for continued research into suicide prevention strategies is undeniable, with high global statistics demonstrating the urgency of this public health issue. In Australia, approximately 3000 people end their lives each year, with those living in rural and regional areas identified as having a higher risk of dying by suicide. Due to decreased access and support services in these areas, community-based suicide prevention initiatives provide opportunities to educate and support local communities. A scoping review was conducted to explore the literature pertaining to such programs in rural and/or regional communities in Australia. This review follows the five-stage Arksey and O’Malley (2005) framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. Nine databases were searched, from which studies were considered eligible if suicide prevention programs were community-based and catered for adults (aged ≥ 18 years) in rural or regional Australia. Ten papers that met our inclusion criteria were included in this review, showcasing a variety of interventions such as workshops, a digital intervention, art therapy, and initiatives to increase education and reduce stigma around suicide. Program engagement strategies included the importance of providing culturally appropriate services, the inclusion of lived experience mentoring, and tailoring the suicide prevention program to reach its targeted audience. Overall, there is a dearth of literature surrounding community-based suicide prevention initiatives for adults in rural and regional Australia. Further evaluation of community-based projects is required to ensure quality improvement and tailored suicide prevention initiatives for rural and regional Australians. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Suicide Attempt Research and Suicide Prevention)
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