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A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Oral Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 35659

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Alberto De Biase

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Guest Editor

Department of Oral Sciences and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: oral surgery; oral pathology; oral implantology; biomaterials

Dr. Marco Lollobrigida

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Guest Editor

Department of Oral Sciences and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: oral surgery; oral implantology; biomaterials

Dr. Luca Lamazza

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Department of Oral Sciences and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: oral medicine; oral surgery; oral implantology; bone regeneration

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite you to submit a contribution to the Special Issue of the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health entitled “New Advances in Dentistry".

Dental science is constantly guided by new technologies, operative techniques, and materials. During the last decade, dental disciplines have been characterized by substantial changes providing new standards for oral healthcare providers with respect to both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Remarkably, new, impressive possibilities have arisen from advances in digital technologies and materials science and engineering. High-quality research should explore the opportunities offered by new knowledge and technologies and translate them to the clinical practice.

The aim of this Special Issue is to present the most recent advances in the dental field. Topics of interest include (but are not limited to) dental materials and biomaterials, digital workflows and technology, diagnostics, pharmaceutics.

Prof. Dr. Alberto De Biase
Dr. Marco Lollobrigida
Dr. Luca Lamazza
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

biomaterials
oral surgery
periodontology
prosthetics
digital dentistry
tissue engineering
tissue regeneration
oral medicine
orthodontics
oral microbiology
restorative dentistry

Published Papers (13 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 4264 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Recovery following Orthognathic Surgery Procedures—A Pilot Study

by Cristian Dinu, Avram Manea, Denisa Tomoiagă, Mihaela Băciuț, Oana Almășan, Andrei Otto Mitre, Ioan Barbur, Mihaela Hedeșiu, Gabriel Armencea, Horia Opriș, Sebastian Stoia, Tiberiu Tamaș, Grigore Băciuț, Florin Onișor and Simion Bran

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 16028; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192316028 - 30 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1555

Abstract

This study aims at evaluating and categorizing patients’ objective and subjective postoperative recovery symptoms after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery assigning the healing process. The patients were monitored throughout the recovery process, and their symptoms were managed. A prospective, observational study was performed. Patients with Class II and III malocclusion (aged 18 to 35) were evaluated and monitored preoperatively, and postoperatively at 48 h, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months postsurgery. A questionnaire was used to assess pain and anesthesia/hypoesthesia. The most common objective and subjective signs that were correlated with the healing process were edema, hematoma, trismus, pain, and anesthesia/hypoesthesia. Edema peaked at 48–72 h postoperatively (distance between eye’s external canthus and gonion, mean difference = 4.53, between tragus and cheilion, mean difference = 7, between tragus and gnathion, mean difference = 4.65, p < 0.001); mouth opening amplitude was significantly decreased during the first two weeks postsurgery (class II, mean difference = 32.42, p = 0.006, class III, mean difference = 44.57, p < 0.001), but it steadily and considerably improved over three months. The nose tended to widen postsurgery. The most severe pain experienced by patients was of medium intensity in the mandibular body, described as pressure, and usually did not spread. Patients were most severely and persistently impacted by anesthesia/hypoesthesia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Dentistry)

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10 pages, 856 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Student Evaluation of Distance Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey on Medical, Dental, and Healthcare Students at Sapienza University of Rome

by Marco Lollobrigida, Livia Ottolenghi, Denise Corridore, Gianluca Pingitore, Cecilia Damiano, Giorgio Serafini and Alberto De Biase

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(16), 10351; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191610351 - 19 Aug 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1481

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a deep impact on university education, necessitating an abrupt shift from face-to-face learning to distance learning (DL). This has created new challenges, especially for those courses in which practical activities and internships are integral parts of the education program. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of DL on the study progress of a population of pregraduate students of medicine, dentistry, and healthcare professions. The survey was administered through an anonymous questionnaire by sharing a Google Forms link. Demographic data and educational background information were collected to obtain a profile of the participants. Different aspects of DL were investigated, including availability of digital devices, quality of connection, and environmental conditions; other questions focused on the effects of DL on students’ progress and professional maturation. Measures of association were also calculated using the chi-squared test, Cramer V, and Somers D. Among the 372 who participated, the results showed that students had a positive attitude toward online classroom and that DL did not substantially affect their progress. Most of the associations were statistically significant, also highlighting the effect of the degree course on the responses. Some critical issues clearly emerged, however, including the lack of adequate devices and environmental conditions due to economic disparity, poor relationships, suspension of internship programs, and clinical training. The results suggest that DL cannot be considered as a substitute for classroom-based medical education outside an emergency context. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Dentistry)

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13 pages, 1346 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Clinical Evaluation of the Optical Filter for Autofluorescence Glasses for Oral Cancer Curing Light Exposed (GOCCLES^®) in the Management of Potentially Premalignant Disorders: A Retrospective Study

by Carlo Lajolo, Mariateresa Tranfa, Romeo Patini, Antonino Fiorino, Teresa Musarra, Roberto Boniello and Alessandro Moro

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(9), 5579; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19095579 - 04 May 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1634

Abstract

Background: Any oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) must be regularly monitored through clinical examination to detect any possible malignant transformation. Conventional intraoral exams, however, can be difficult because these conditions may resemble benign lesions. For this reason, several non-invasive diagnostic technologies have been developed to help the clinician in detecting and distinguishing between cancerous and benign lesions. Epithelial dysplasia can be considered the most important predictor of malignant evolution. Therefore, in this study we aim to evaluate the ability of an optical filter for autofluorescence Glasses for Oral Cancer Curing Light Exposed (GOCCLES^®) and of toluidine blue staining in identifying dysplastic areas in patients with OPMDs. Methods: In this retrospective study, medical records, photographs and videos of 25 patients with oral lesions were analyzed. Forty-two biopsy samples in 25 patients with OPMDs and at least one suspicious oral mucosa lesion that were evaluated in white light, autofluorescence with optical filter GOCCLES^®, toluidine blue staining and then biopsied with histopathological analysis were analyzed. Results: The sensitivity and specificity for the autofluorescence evaluation with GOCCLES^® for identifying dysplasia or carcinoma were 66% and 48%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 34% and 77%, respectively, and the accuracy was 53%. The sensitivity and specificity for toluidine blue staining were 91% and 68%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 55% and 95%, respectively, and the accuracy was 75%. Conclusions: The optical filter for autofluorescence (GOCCLES^®) and toluidine blue staining are simple, inexpensive, rapid and non-invasive procedures that can assist the clinician in distinguishing OPMDs from healthy mucosa but they are not able to distinguish benign and malignant lesions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Dentistry)

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13 pages, 3150 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Study of the SEM Evaluation, EDX Assessment, Morphometric Analysis, and Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Three Novel Brands of NiTi Alloy Endodontic Files

by Vicente Faus-Matoses, Raúl Pérez García, Vicente Faus-Llácer, Ignacio Faus-Matoses, Óscar Alonso Ezpeleta, Alberto Albaladejo Martínez and Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(7), 4414; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19074414 - 06 Apr 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2121

Abstract

In this study, we compare and analyze the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), morphometry and cyclic fatigue resistance of Endogal, PathMax, and Smarttrack novel brands of nickel–titanium (NiTi) alloy endodontic files. Material and Methods: Thirty sterile NiTi endodontic rotary files were randomly selected and assigned to one of the following study groups: A: 25.08 F2 Endogal (EDG) (n = 10); B: 25.08 F2 Path Max Pro (PMP) (n = 10); and C: 25.06 Smarttrack (ST) (n = 10). Dynamic cyclic fatigue tests were conducted using a cyclic fatigue device in stainless steel artificial root canal systems with an apical diameter of 250 µm, curvature angle of 60°, radius of curvature of 3 mm, and taper of 6%. Additionally, we analyzed the NiTi endodontic rotary files using EDX, SEM, and morphometry after micro-CT scanning. The results were analyzed using Weibull statistical analysis and ANOVA testing. Results: SEM, EDX, and morphometric analyses showed differences between the three novel brands of NiTi endodontic rotary files. Moreover, statistically significant differences were observed between the number of cycles to failure and time to failure of the three novel brands of NiTi endodontic rotary files (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Smarttrack NiTi alloy endodontic reciprocating files display greater resistance to cyclic fatigue than Endogal and Path Max Pro NiTi alloy endodontic rotary files, due to the reciprocating movement and metallurgical composition. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Dentistry)

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11 pages, 1622 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Digital Technique to Analyze the Wear of CM-Wire NiTi Alloy Endodontic Reciprocating Files: An In Vitro Study

by Vicente Faus-Matoses, Vicente Faus-Llácer, Álvaro Aldeguer Muñoz, Jorge Alonso Pérez-Barquero, Ignacio Faus-Matoses, Celia Ruiz-Sánchez and Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(6), 3203; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19063203 - 09 Mar 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1354

Abstract

The present study seeks to describe a novel digital measurement technique for analyzing the wear volume of controlled memory (CM)-wire NiTi alloy endodontic reciprocating files after clinical use. Material and Methods: Ten CM-wire NiTi endodontic reciprocating files were randomly used in ten first upper molar teeth within four root canals. The CM-wire NiTi alloy endodontic reciprocating files were subjected to preoperative and postoperative micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scans to obtain accurate digital imaging and communication on medicine (DICOM) digital files, which were segmented using intensity-based thresholding and an exclusive OR (XOR) logical operation (Boolean algebra logical operator) to obtain a mask of the location to localize and quantify the wear volume of the CM-wire NiTi alloy endodontic reciprocating files. Gage repeatability and reproducibility statistical analysis was applied to assess the reproducibility and repeatability of this measurement technique. Results: The analysis showed a repeatability and reproducibility of 0.00% for the digital measurement technique used to analyze the wear volume of CM-wire NiTi alloy endodontic reciprocating files after clinical use. Wear was mostly identified at the tip and cutting edges of the CM-wire NiTi alloy endodontic reciprocating files. Conclusions: This novel digital measurement technique is a repeatable, reproducible, and accurate method of quantifying the wear volume of CM-wire NiTi alloy endodontic reciprocating files after clinical use. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Dentistry)

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11 pages, 3028 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Analysis of Ease of Removal of Fractured NiTi Endodontic Rotary Files from the Root Canal System—An In Vitro Study

by Vicente Faus-Matoses, Eva Burgos Ibáñez, Vicente Faus-Llácer, Celia Ruiz-Sánchez, Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho and Ignacio Faus-Matoses

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(2), 718; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19020718 - 10 Jan 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2146

Abstract

This study aimed at analyzing and comparing the ease of removal of fractured nickel–titanium (NiTi) endodontic rotary files from the root canal system between the ultrasonic tips and the Endo Rescue appliance removal systems, as well as comparing the volume of dentin removed between ultrasonic tips and the Endo Rescue appliance using a micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scan. Material and Methods: Forty NiTi endodontic rotary files were intentionally fractured in 40 root canal systems of 20 lower first molar teeth and distributed into the following study groups: A: Ultrasonic tips (n = 20) (US) and B: Endo Rescue device (n = 20) (ER). Preoperative and postoperative micro-CT scans were uploaded into image processing software to analyze the volumetric variations of dentin using an algorithm that enables progressive differentiation between neighboring pixels after defining and segmenting the fractured NiTi endodontic rotary files and the root canal systems in both micro-CT scans. A non-parametric Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test or t-test for independent samples was used to analyze the results. Results: The US and ES study groups saw 8 (1 mesiobuccal and 7 distal root canal system) and 3 (distal root canal system) fractured NiTi endodontic rotary files removed, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found in the amount of dentin removed between the US and ER study groups at the mesiobuccal (p = 0.9109) and distal root canal system (p = 0.8669). Conclusions: Ultrasonic tips enable greater ease of removal of NiTi endodontic rotary files from the root canal system, with similar amounts of dentin removal between the two methods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Dentistry)

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13 pages, 2981 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Different Software Programs on the Accuracy of Dental Scanner Using Three-Dimensional Analysis

by Keunbada Son, Wan-Sun Lee and Kyu-Bok Lee

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(16), 8449; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18168449 - 10 Aug 2021

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3728

Abstract

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the 3D analysis for complete arch, half arch, and tooth preparation region by using four analysis software programs. The CAD reference model (CRM; N = 1 per region) and CAD test models (CTMs; N = 20 per software) of complete arch, half arch, and tooth preparation were obtained by using scanners. For both CRM and CTMs, mesh data other than the same area were deleted. For 3D analysis, four analysis software programs (Geomagic control X, GOM Inspect, Cloudcompare, and Materialise 3-matic) were used in the alignment of CRM and CTMs as well as in the 3D comparison. Root mean square (RMS) was regarded as the result of the 3D comparison. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey honestly significant difference tests were performed for statistical comparison of four analysis software programs (α = 0.05). In half-arch and tooth preparation region, the four analysis software programs showed a significant difference in RMS values (p < 0.001), but in complete-arch region, no significant difference was found among the four software programs (p = 0.139). As the area of the virtual cast for 3D analysis becomes smaller, variable results are obtained depending on the software program used, and the difference in results among software programs are not considered in the 3D analysis for complete-arch region. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Dentistry)

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Review

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17 pages, 734 KiB

Open AccessReview

Guided Endodontics: A Literature Review

by Kateryna Kulinkovych-Levchuk, María Pilar Pecci-Lloret, Pablo Castelo-Baz, Miguel Ramón Pecci-Lloret and Ricardo E. Oñate-Sánchez

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(21), 13900; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192113900 - 26 Oct 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3342

Abstract

The main objective of this paper is to perform an updated literature review of guided endodontics based on the available up-to-date scientific literature to identify and describe the technique, its benefits, and its limitations. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science) were used to perform a literature search from 1 January 2017 to 13 May 2022. After discarding duplicates, out of 1047 results, a total of 29 articles were eligible for review. Guided endodontics is a novel technique that is currently evolving. It is applied in multiple treatments, especially in accessing and locating root canals in teeth with pulp canal obliteration, microsurgical endodontics, and removing glass fiber posts in endodontic retreatments. In addition, it is independent of an operator’s experience, requires less treatment time for the patient, and is more accurate and safer than conventional endodontics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Dentistry)

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14 pages, 3003 KiB

Open AccessReview

Autogenous Tooth Bone Grafts for Repair and Regeneration of Maxillofacial Defects: A Narrative Review

by Omer Sefvan Janjua, Sana Mehmood Qureshi, Muhammad Saad Shaikh, Ahmad Alnazzawi, Francisco J. Rodriguez-Lozano, Maria Pilar Pecci-Lloret and Muhammad Sohail Zafar

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(6), 3690; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19063690 - 20 Mar 2022

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3666

Abstract

Autogenous tooth graft is an innovative and ingenious technique that employs a stepwise approach and utilizes human teeth as an autogenous source of bone graft. The structure of teeth closely resembles bone, both physically and biochemically, and can be efficiently used for the process as it depicts properties of osteoinduction and osteoconduction. Autogenous tooth bone has characteristics similar to bone grafts in terms of healing potential, physical properties, and clinical outcome. Autogenous tooth graft has shown reasonable promise as a graft material for the regeneration of maxillary and mandibular defects. Autogenous tooth bone graft finds its principal application in sinus and ridge augmentations and for socket preservation before implant placement. Additionally, it can be used successfully for alveolar cleft patients and patients with limited periodontal defects. The overall complication rates reported for autogenous tooth grafts are comparable to other graft sources. However, although long-term results are still underway, it is still recommended as a grafting option for limited defects in the cranio-facial region. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Dentistry)

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Other

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26 pages, 695 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Efficacy of Topical Treatments for the Management of Symptomatic Oral Lichen Planus: A Systematic Review

by Giorgio Serafini, Alberto De Biase, Luca Lamazza, Giulia Mazzucchi and Marco Lollobrigida

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(2), 1202; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph20021202 - 10 Jan 2023

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2240

Abstract

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucosal inflammatory disease associated with T-cell-mediated immunological dysfunction. Symptomatic OLP is a painful condition, and complete healing is often not achieved. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of topical drugs, medications, and other interventions compared to placebo or to other treatments in pain reduction and clinical resolution in adult patients with symptomatic OLP. A detailed electronic literature search was performed through the MEDLINE (PubMed) database between 1 January 2005 and 30 September 2022. Eligible studies were selected based on the inclusion criteria, and a quality assessment was conducted. From 649 titles, 121 articles were selected as abstracts, 75 papers were assessed as full text, along with 15 other papers obtained through a manual search. A total of 15 RCTs were finally included in the review process. Because of the significant heterogeneity in the study design of the included studies, no meta-analysis of the data could be performed. Topical corticosteroids represent the first-line treatment in the management of symptomatic OLP due to their efficacy and minimal adverse effects. Calcineurin inhibitors seem to be equally effective and are indicated in recalcitrant cases, extensive lesions, patients susceptible to oral candidiasis, or cases unresponsive to corticosteroids. Other treatments, such as aloe vera, chamomile, isotretinoin, ozone, and laser therapy, could be beneficial as adjunct therapies in association with first-line treatments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Dentistry)

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19 pages, 14341 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Guided Endodontics as a Personalized Tool for Complicated Clinical Cases

by Wojciech Dąbrowski, Wiesława Puchalska, Adam Ziemlewski and Iwona Ordyniec-Kwaśnica

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(16), 9958; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19169958 - 12 Aug 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3473

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to present a technique to individualize root canal localization in teeth with calcified root canals using a digitally planned, 3D-printed endodontic guide. Root canal calcification is characterized by the apposition of tertiary dentin along the canal wall. The endodontic treatment of teeth with calcified canals is often challenging. However, digital dentistry meets these challenges. Merging CBCT images with an intraoral scan allows a clinician to prepare an endodontic guide. This article describes the clinical and digital workflow of the guided endodontic access approach in teeth with difficulties in terms of root canal localization due to post-traumatic pulp canal obliteration (PCO) and canal calcification in elderly patients. The path of entry into the root canal system was planned using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The template was printed on a 3D printer using transparent resin. During root canal treatment (RCT), the endodontic tool was inserted through the sleeve until the desired location was reached. The use of an endodontic guide allowed for minimally invasive RCT, avoiding the excessive loss of tooth structures. Navigated endodontics enables clinicians to perform RCT in a more predictable manner and allows clinicians to avoid iatrogenic complications, which improves the treatment prognosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Dentistry)

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7 pages, 4243 KiB

Open AccessTechnical Note

A Digital Workflow for the Fabrication of a Milled Removable Partial Denture

by Xing-Yu Piao, Jeongho Jeon, June-Sung Shim and Ji-Man Park

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(14), 8540; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19148540 - 13 Jul 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3491

Abstract

Complete dentures fabricated with the additive or subtractive method have been widely used and proven to be clinically acceptable. However, fabrication of removable partial dentures (RPDs) using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing is limited by its technique sensitivity as the pink resin, which encases part of metal framework, cannot be fabricated digitally. This article introduces a digital workflow to fabricate an RPD with the subtractive method. A complex structure of the offset metal framework and denture base with teeth sockets was milled with this technique. Artificial teeth were milled with a resin disk according to the computer-aided design data, resulting in the customized occlusal surface. This digital technique can be an alternative to the analog fabrication method as the RPD was fabricated digitally, keeping the original structures and reducing resin shrinkage on the intaglio surface. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Dentistry)

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12 pages, 8619 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

One-Stage Virtual Plan of a Complex Orthodontic/Prosthetic Dental Rehabilitation

by Alessandro Nota, Alisa Dmitrievna Chegodaeva, Alexander Nikolaevich Ryakhovsky, Maria Alexandrovna Vykhodtseva, Laura Pittari and Simona Tecco

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1474; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19031474 - 28 Jan 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4037

Abstract

In complex dental treatments, a preliminary virtual plan (VP) can minimise the probability of errors and increase the predictability of the achieved result. Digital technologies and artificial intelligence open more opportunities for such planning, as they can be applied at the early stages of clinical examination to develop a simultaneous VP of all stages of treatment. The present clinical case describes a one-stage entire VP combining all the stages of treatment: gnathological, orthodontic, and prosthetic rehabilitation, until the final result. This approach avoids the accumulation errors associated with multistage VP, in which one stage of planning follows the end of a previous stage. One-step VP also allows demonstrating to the patients the expected results of the restoration, which increases their motivation to initiate the treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Dentistry)

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