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Approach to Promoting Oral Health

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Oral Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 50192

Special Issue Editor

Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea
Interests: dental health education; dental health services; healthcare inequality; dental health surveys; epidemiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As the close association between oral health and systemic health has been revealed, there is now an increasing amount of interest in individuals’ oral health status as a determinant of quality of life. In addition, oral health status and oral health behaviors in population groups across the life cycle have been suggested as important factors for oral health-related quality of life.

In order to more actively address oral health problems, various survey research and observational studies regarding individuals’ demographic characteristics, social-psychological factors, health status, health behaviors, healthcare policies, and oral healthcare services are needed, and studies analyzing significant influencing factors through appropriate oral care interventions are also needed. In particular, risk assessment for oral diseases, and intervention programs for patients with special needs are expected to significantly contribute to promoting oral health in the communities.

This Special Issue focuses on a multifaceted approach to improving oral health and quality of life in various population groups. We invite you to submit your original research articles and reviews. In addition to the keywords described below, your submissions in all areas related to various oral health promotion are greatly welcome.

Prof. Dr. Jong-Hwa Jang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oral health
  • dental hygiene
  • dental health education
  • dental health surveys
  • dental health services
  • oral health-related quality of life
  • oral diseases
  • healthcare inequality
  • risk assessment
  • biomarkers

Published Papers (22 papers)

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18 pages, 693 KiB  
Article
Validation of the Malay Oral Impacts on Daily Performances and Evaluation of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in a Multi-Ethnic Urban Malaysian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Fei Yee Lim, Chui Ling Goo, Wai Keung Leung and Victor Goh
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(24), 16944; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192416944 - 16 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1499
Abstract
Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP) can be used as a generic or condition-specific oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) instrument. It offers different contexts on how dental conditions affect OHRQoL. This cross-sectional study aimed to validate a newly translated Malay OIDP (OIDP-M), [...] Read more.
Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP) can be used as a generic or condition-specific oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) instrument. It offers different contexts on how dental conditions affect OHRQoL. This cross-sectional study aimed to validate a newly translated Malay OIDP (OIDP-M), compare OHRQoL, decayed, missing, or filled teeth (DMFT) in Malaysians, and investigate factors associated with OHRQoL. A total of 368 Malaysians were surveyed and examined for DMFT. Short-form oral health impact profile-Malaysia [S-OHIP(M)] and OIDP-M were used to measure OHRQoL. The OIDP-M was tested for reliability and validity. DMFT, S-OHIP(M), and OIDP-M between ethnicities were compared. Associations between ethnicity, DMFT, S-OHIP(M), and OIDP-M of Malays and Chinese were evaluated through partial correlation. Malays and Chinese had more filled teeth and DMFT compared with Indians. Malays reported worse OHRQoL through S-OHIP(M). Decayed teeth were positively associated with S-OHIP(M), physical, psychological, social disabilities, and handicap. For OIDP-M, decayed teeth were positively associated with OIDP-M, working, and sleeping. Missing teeth and ethnicity were positively associated with eating and speaking. Filled teeth were negatively associated with cleaning teeth. The OIDP-M was reliable and valid for evaluating OHRQoL. There were differences in DMFT and OHRQoL between ethnicities. Ethnicity affects OHRQoL, where Malays experienced worse OHRQoL due to dental problems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Approach to Promoting Oral Health)
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12 pages, 1875 KiB  
Article
Clinical and Pathological Manifestation of the Oral Mucosa in Institutionalized Children from Romania
by Alexandra Mihaela Stoica, Csinszka Andrea Kovacs-Ivacson, Oana Elena Stoica, Liana Beresescu and Monica Monea
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 15564; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192315564 - 23 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1470
Abstract
Institutionalized children, regardless of their age, are prone to psychiatric disorders, compared to those who live in two-parent families, due to the unfavorable physical and psychological conditions in which they develop. Unpropitious psychological conditions affect the child’s general health and induce local manifestations [...] Read more.
Institutionalized children, regardless of their age, are prone to psychiatric disorders, compared to those who live in two-parent families, due to the unfavorable physical and psychological conditions in which they develop. Unpropitious psychological conditions affect the child’s general health and induce local manifestations that can be found in the oral cavity, affecting both soft tissues and teeth. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to assess and diagnose a series of pathological manifestations of the oral mucosa associated with poor living conditions or closely related to psychological stress. The clinical examination was performed by 4 specialist dentists, who consulted 150 children representing the study group and 52 children representing the control group, all having ages between 14 and 18 years old and meeting the same inclusion criteria. From the control group, 62.5% presented plaque-induced gingivitis (26.6% girls, 35.8% boys), 26.6% presented mucosal lesions produced by lip and cheek biting (23.3% girls, 35.8% boys), and 11.7% presented geographic tongue (6.6% girls, 5% boys), herpes simplex eruptions (3.3% girls, 4.2% boys) and oral ulcerations (12.5% girls, 10.8% boys). Morsicatio buccarul is a chronic, self-mutilating habit, currently becoming one of the most common tics encountered among institutionalized children. Furthermore, these children do not benefit from constant support and guidance to perform their dental hygiene, so the incidence of gingivitis induced by bacterial plaque and calculus is very high. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Approach to Promoting Oral Health)
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11 pages, 735 KiB  
Article
Effects of Integrative Cognitive Function Improvement Program on Cognitive Function, Oral Health, and Mental Health in Older People: A Randomized Clinical Trial
by Eun-Seo Jung, Yoon-Young Choi and Kyeong-Hee Lee
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(21), 14339; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192114339 - 02 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1339
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of an integrative cognitive function improvement program that combined existing cognitive, emotional, and physical therapies on cognitive function, oral health, and mental health in elder participants. Participants were classified into one of the following groups: cognitively normal [...] Read more.
We aimed to investigate the effects of an integrative cognitive function improvement program that combined existing cognitive, emotional, and physical therapies on cognitive function, oral health, and mental health in elder participants. Participants were classified into one of the following groups: cognitively normal (CN; n = 18), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 17), and control (n = 17). An integrative cognitive function improvement program was administered to the CN and MCI groups for six weeks. To measure cognitive function, electroencephalogram (EEG) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were evaluated, and to measure oral health, the O’Leary index, Löe & Silness index, tongue coating, unstimulated saliva flow rate, and oral muscle strength were measured. To measure mental health status, mental health, happiness and social support were measured. The CN and MCI groups showed a significant change in EEG-based indices for awareness level and physical stress. Regarding oral health, the O’Leary and the Löe & Silness index score decreased significantly in the CN and MCI groups. Saliva flow rate increased significantly in the CN and MCI groups. In regards to mental health, the happiness score increased post-intervention in the CN and MCI groups. In conclusion, the integrative cognitive function improvement program was effective in improving cognitive function, oral health, and mental health of elder people. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Approach to Promoting Oral Health)
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14 pages, 1022 KiB  
Article
Factors Related to the Intention to Use Dental Care by Industrial Workers Due to COVID-19: Application of Anderson Model and Planned Behavior Theory
by Hye-Ran Eun, Jong-Tae Park and Jong-Hwa Jang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12883; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191912883 - 08 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1482
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected medical and dental care in Korea. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the intention to use dental care in industrial workers, an economically active population. An online questionnaire survey was completed by 301 industrial workers. Stress [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected medical and dental care in Korea. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the intention to use dental care in industrial workers, an economically active population. An online questionnaire survey was completed by 301 industrial workers. Stress and anxiety to viral epidemics-6 (SAVE-6), attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, and intention to use dental care, based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), were measured. Predisposing, enabling, and need factors based on the Andersen model were measured as control variables for influencing factors. In the final hierarchical multiple regression analysis, the most significant relevant factors affecting intention to use dental care were attitude (β = 0.598, p < 0.001), followed by experience of dental clinic visits (β = 0.237, p < 0.001), subjective norm (β = 0.125, p < 0.001), perceived behavior control (β = 0.114, p = 0.004), SAVE-6 (β = −0.073, p = 0.025), and gingival bleeding (β = 0.062, p = 0.029). Dental care use decreased to 58.5%, and socio-psychological factors based on TPB were closely associated with the intention to use dental care. Therefore, awareness must be raised regarding oral health practices to increase the use of dental care among industrial workers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Approach to Promoting Oral Health)
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13 pages, 548 KiB  
Article
Association of Number of Teeth with ADL/IADL in Korean Middle-Aged and Older Adults: An Analysis of the 7th Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging
by Nu-Ri Jun, Jae-Hyun Kim, Jong-Tae Park and Jong-Hwa Jang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12840; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191912840 - 07 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1012
Abstract
We determined the association between the number of natural and implant teeth with activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL) levels in middle-aged and older adults aged ≥ 55 years. We included 6,925 participants, who underwent a computer-assisted personal interview in [...] Read more.
We determined the association between the number of natural and implant teeth with activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL) levels in middle-aged and older adults aged ≥ 55 years. We included 6,925 participants, who underwent a computer-assisted personal interview in the 7th Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. After controlling for general characteristics, the associations between the number of natural and implant teeth with ADL and IADL levels were examined using multiple regression analysis. The participants had 21.2 natural teeth and 1.08 implant teeth on average. The ADL and IADL levels were 0.61 and 1.56, 0.40 and 1.16, and 1.10 and 0.31 in participants with ≤ 9, 10–19, and ≥ 20 teeth, respectively. There was no significant association between ADL and the number of natural and implant teeth (p > 0.05). However, a one-unit increase in IADL score was associated with a reduced number of natural (β = −0.031, p < 0.001) and implant (β = −0.194, p = 0.006) teeth. Difficulties regarding IADL were associated with fewer natural and implant teeth, suggesting that maintaining and managing the number of teeth is critical to promoting the health of middle-aged and older adults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Approach to Promoting Oral Health)
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9 pages, 337 KiB  
Article
Association between Handgrip Strength and Periodontitis in Korean Adults Aged ≥30 Years: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014–2015)
by Hye-Ryeong An and Jun-Seon Choi
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(17), 10598; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191710598 - 25 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1347
Abstract
This study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014–2015 database to analyze the association between periodontitis and handgrip strength, a representative measure of hand impairment and function, in adults aged ≥30 years. The data of 5926 adults (male: [...] Read more.
This study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014–2015 database to analyze the association between periodontitis and handgrip strength, a representative measure of hand impairment and function, in adults aged ≥30 years. The data of 5926 adults (male: 2766, females: 3160) who underwent handgrip strength and periodontal tissue examination and had neither rheumatoid arthritis nor osteoarthritis were analyzed. Handgrip strength was assessed using a digital grip strength dynamometer. The average values of the right handgrip strength, calculated separately by sex and age group (five 10-year age groups), were used as the cut-off for reduced handgrip strength. Periodontal status was evaluated using the Community Periodontal Index, defining scores ≥ 3 as periodontitis. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to compare the differences in the prevalence of periodontitis according to handgrip strength. In the final regression model adjusted for risk factors for periodontitis, the likelihood of periodontitis decreased as the level of handgrip strength increased (p < 0.05). Therefore, this study suggests that handgrip strength may be a valuable indicator of periodontal health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Approach to Promoting Oral Health)
8 pages, 599 KiB  
Article
Clinical Efficacy of 1% CHX Gluconate Gel and 0.12% CHX Solution: A Randomized Controlled Trial
by Su-Young Lee and Eun-Joo Nam
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(15), 9358; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19159358 - 30 Jul 2022
Viewed by 1673
Abstract
Chlorhexidine (CHX) is an effective antibacterial agent and is used in dental treatment in several formulations. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of CHX solution and CHX gel on dental plaque inhibition and gingivitis relief by a randomized clinical [...] Read more.
Chlorhexidine (CHX) is an effective antibacterial agent and is used in dental treatment in several formulations. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of CHX solution and CHX gel on dental plaque inhibition and gingivitis relief by a randomized clinical trial. Thirty-eight participants were randomly divided into two groups: control group (0.12% CHX solution) and test group (1% CHX gel). Participants were provided with CHX products and were instructed to use each product in the morning and evening for 1 week. Clinical results were evaluated by analyzing the collected data of Turesky et al. the modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TQHPI), gingival index (GI) and the BANA test. Measurements were conducted 4 weeks and 8 weeks after using chlorhexidine products. The results were analyzed using repeated measured ANOVA and paired t-test. TQHPI and GI were significantly different after treatments in both groups (p < 0.001). The GI decreased more in the test group compared to the control group 4 weeks and 8 weeks later. In both groups, the BANA score also significantly decreased (p < 0.001) after 8 weeks, though the BANA score decreased relatively more in the CHX gel group than the CHX solution group. These results suggest that 1% CHX gel is more effective in reducing gingivitis and bacteria of periodontal disease than the 0.12% CHX solution. Therefore, the 1% CHX gel is expected to be actively used for non-surgical treatment of periodontal disease patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Approach to Promoting Oral Health)
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12 pages, 352 KiB  
Article
Self-Reported Gum Bleeding, Perception, Knowledge, and Behavior in Working-Age Hong Kong Chinese—A Cross-Sectional Study
by Tsz Yung Wong, Yiu Cheung Tsang, Kim Wai Shadow Yeung and Wai Keung Leung
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(9), 5749; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19095749 - 09 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1898
Abstract
Gingivitis and periodontitis are highly prevalent in Hong Kong, where the provision of oral health services is predominantly private. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between the oral symptoms of gum bleeding and self-reported behavioral factors, beliefs, and knowledge among Hong [...] Read more.
Gingivitis and periodontitis are highly prevalent in Hong Kong, where the provision of oral health services is predominantly private. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between the oral symptoms of gum bleeding and self-reported behavioral factors, beliefs, and knowledge among Hong Kong Chinese. The research team commissioned the Public Opinion Programme of The University of Hong Kong to conduct a structured, population-based, computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI), which covered questions related to the demography, perception, and knowledge (including traditional Cantonese beliefs) of gum health, dental attendance, oral health behavior, and dental anxiety. A total of 1,265 individuals aged 25–60 years old were successfully contacted, and 704 (55.7%) reported prior gum bleeding experience. A total of 516 individuals (64.9% females, median 55–60 years) completed the CATI satisfactorily, and 321 (62.2%) experienced gum bleeding in the past 12 months. The factors that were significantly associated with reports of gum bleeding in the past 12 months include having periodontitis, sensitive teeth, having tertiary or higher education, flossing/interdental cleaning, not cleaning teeth well enough, lack of sleep, consuming too much ‘heaty’ food, avoiding going to the dentist when gums are bleeding, and waiting for gum bleeding to subside (p < 0.05, r2 =0.198; forward stepwise logistic regression). Within the limitations of this study, approximately half of the Hong Kong working-age adults surveyed reported experiencing gum bleeding, and 62.2% of the participants experienced it within the past 12 months. Members of Hong Kong’s working-age population who reported having higher levels of education appeared more readily aware of their gum problems. Those with bleeding gums, especially those who have discernable periodontitis, poor dental awareness/behaviors, and/or a poor lifestyle should be targeted to receive education and encouragement, which will allow them to take action and improve their own gum health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Approach to Promoting Oral Health)
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10 pages, 1821 KiB  
Article
Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Bacterial Potential of Mulberry Leaf Extract on Oral Microorganisms
by Dokyeong Kim and Kyung-Hee Kang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(9), 4984; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19094984 - 20 Apr 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2575
Abstract
Mulberry leaves extract (Morus alba extracts; MAE) is known to have therapeutic potentials for numerous human diseases, including diabetes, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. However, there has not been sufficient research proving therapeutic effects on oral disease and its related oral [...] Read more.
Mulberry leaves extract (Morus alba extracts; MAE) is known to have therapeutic potentials for numerous human diseases, including diabetes, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. However, there has not been sufficient research proving therapeutic effects on oral disease and its related oral risk factors. Thus, we investigated whether MAE has any anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects on risk factors causing oral infectious diseases. To examine the anti-inflammatory response and bacterial inhibition of MAE, we measured intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the bacterial growth rate. Our study showed that MAE has anti-inflammatory activities, which inhibit the ROS generation and suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in human monocyte THP-1 cells by stimulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or F. nucleatum, which are the virulent factors in periodontal diseases. Furthermore, MAE inhibited the bacterial growth on oral microorganisms (F. nucleatum and S. mutans) infected THP-1 cells. These findings suggested that MAE could be a potential natural source for therapeutic drugs in oral infectious disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Approach to Promoting Oral Health)
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10 pages, 318 KiB  
Article
Patients’ Satisfaction and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of Edentulous Patients Using Conventional Complete Dentures and Implant-Retained Overdentures in Saudi Arabia
by Salwa Omar Bajunaid, Abdullah S. Alshahrani, Ahad A. Aldosari, Atheer N. Almojel, Rehab S. Alanazi, Tala M. Alsulaim and Syed Rashid Habib
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(1), 557; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19010557 - 04 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2199
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare patients’ satisfaction and quality of life (QoL) when using implant overdentures vs. conventional dentures. The QoL of Saudi patients who were provided mandibular implant-supported overdentures was assessed using a structured questionnaire. Overall satisfaction; ability to [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to compare patients’ satisfaction and quality of life (QoL) when using implant overdentures vs. conventional dentures. The QoL of Saudi patients who were provided mandibular implant-supported overdentures was assessed using a structured questionnaire. Overall satisfaction; ability to speak, eat, and chew food; comfort; esthetics; stability; and satisfaction of general oral health were measured. A total of 48.3% vs. 6.9% were, overall, very satisfied with their implant overdentures and conventional dentures, respectively. A total of 37.9% of the patients were very satisfied regarding speaking with their implant overdentures vs. 17.2% with conventional dentures. Furthermore, 41.4% were very comfortable with their implant overdentures vs. 5.2% were very comfortable using conventional dentures. However, only 15.5% were very satisfied with the esthetics of the conventional dentures compared to 43.1% being satisfied with implant overdentures. Only 1.7% were very satisfied with the stability of conventional dentures vs. 44.8% being satisfied using implant overdentures. About 8.6% of the candidates were very satisfied regarding chewing food with conventional dentures vs. 36.2% being very satisfied using implant overdentures. Approximately 10.3% were very satisfied with their general oral health using conventional dentures compared to 29.3% being very satisfied using implant overdentures. Mandibular implant overdentures had a strong impact on patients’ quality of life over conventional complete dentures and should be considered the minimum standard of care provided to completely edentulous patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Approach to Promoting Oral Health)
10 pages, 664 KiB  
Article
Factors Influencing Protective Behaviors for Dental Radiation Exposure among Female Korean Dental Hygienists Using Health Belief Model
by Su-Yeon Hwang, Jung-Eun Park and Jong-Hwa Jang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(1), 518; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19010518 - 04 Jan 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1892
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the associated factors for protective behaviors for dental radiation exposure (PBDRE) among dental hygienists using the health belief model (HBM). The HBM, which is composed of perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action, [...] Read more.
This study aimed to identify the associated factors for protective behaviors for dental radiation exposure (PBDRE) among dental hygienists using the health belief model (HBM). The HBM, which is composed of perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action, explains preventive behavior. In this study, self-efficacy and modifying factors were additionally applied to the HBM. The subjects of the study were 204 dental hygienists who were working at hospitals or clinics in Korea. An online survey was conducted to measure PBDRE-related factors based on the HBM and self-efficacy. The collected data were analyzed using frequency analysis, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Regarding modifying factors, performance was found to be high when protection facilities were sufficient (β = 0.24, p < 0.001) and low when radiation education was not received (β = −0.16, p < 0.05). Among the HBM factors, cues to action for PBDRE (β = 0.28, p < 0.001) was the most influential factor in the performance of PBDRE, and the effect of its perceived benefits on radiation exposure was also high (β = 0.17, p < 0.001). Regarding the performance of PBDRE according to the HBM, providing education programs on protection can stimulate appropriate cues to action to perform PBDRE. In addition, if the benefits of PBDRE are highlighted, the performance of PBDRE by dental hygienists is increased. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Approach to Promoting Oral Health)
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13 pages, 1331 KiB  
Article
Effect of Oral Health Education Using a Mobile App (OHEMA) on the Oral Health and Swallowing-Related Quality of Life in Community-Based Integrated Care of the Elderly: A Randomized Clinical Trial
by Ji-Yun Ki, Se-Rim Jo, Kyung-Sook Cho, Jung-Eun Park, Ja-Won Cho and Jong-Hwa Jang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(21), 11679; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182111679 - 07 Nov 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3024
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of oral health education using a mobile app (OHEMA) on the oral health and swallowing-related quality of life (SWAL-QoL) of the elderly population in a community-based integrated care project (CICP). Forty elderly individuals in the CICP were randomized [...] Read more.
This study investigated the effect of oral health education using a mobile app (OHEMA) on the oral health and swallowing-related quality of life (SWAL-QoL) of the elderly population in a community-based integrated care project (CICP). Forty elderly individuals in the CICP were randomized into intervention and control groups. OHEMA provided information on customized oral health care management, oral exercises, and intraoral and extraoral massage methods for 50 min/session, once a week, for 6 weeks. Pre- and post-intervention surveys assessed the unstimulated salivary flow rate, subjective oral dryness, tongue pressure, and SWAL-QoL, which were analyzed using ANCOVA and repeated measures ANOVA. In the intervention group, tongue pressure increased significantly from pre- (17.75) to post-intervention (27.24) (p < 0.001), and subjective oral dryness decreased from pre- (30.75) to post-intervention (18.50). The unstimulated salivary flow rate had a higher mean score in the intervention group (7.19) than in the control group (5.04) (p < 0.001). The SWAL-QoL significantly improved from pre- (152.10) to post-intervention (171.50) in the intervention group (p < 0.001) but did not change significantly in the control group (p > 0.05). OHEMA appears to be a useful tool for oral health education for the elderly as it improved the SWAL-QoL, with increased tongue pressure and reduced oral dryness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Approach to Promoting Oral Health)
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10 pages, 327 KiB  
Article
Associations between Mental Health and Oral Health among Korean Adolescents: Analysis of the National Surveys (2008–2017)
by Kyeong-Hee Lee, Won-Kee Lee, Eun-Seo Jung and Yoon-Young Choi
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(20), 10660; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182010660 - 12 Oct 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1644
Abstract
We aimed to analyze the trends and associations between the oral and mental health of Korean adolescents using the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Surveys. In total, 713,713 adolescents who participated in the surveys were included. To examine trends in oral and mental [...] Read more.
We aimed to analyze the trends and associations between the oral and mental health of Korean adolescents using the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Surveys. In total, 713,713 adolescents who participated in the surveys were included. To examine trends in oral and mental health, Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated between the weighted percentages and years, and the regression line slope was assessed to estimate annual changes. A complex sample logistic regression analysis was also performed. Experiencing oral symptoms and suicide-related factors both showed a gradually decreasing trend from 2008 and slight increases in 2017 and 2016, respectively. Compared with adolescents who had no oral symptoms, those with all six oral symptoms showed an increase in suicide attempts in the last 12 months, suicide ideation, and feelings of sadness and despair. In conclusion, experiencing more oral symptoms is associated with an increased risk of suicide-related factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Approach to Promoting Oral Health)
13 pages, 801 KiB  
Article
Effectiveness of a Dental Intervention to Improve Oral Health among Home Care Recipients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
by Jonas Czwikla, Alexandra Herzberg, Sonja Kapp, Stephan Kloep, Heinz Rothgang, Ina Nitschke, Cornelius Haffner and Falk Hoffmann
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(17), 9339; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18179339 - 03 Sep 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2468
Abstract
We quantified the effectiveness of an oral health intervention among home care recipients. Seven German insurance funds invited home care recipients to participate in a two-arm randomized controlled trial. At t0, the treatment group (TG) received an intervention comprising an oral [...] Read more.
We quantified the effectiveness of an oral health intervention among home care recipients. Seven German insurance funds invited home care recipients to participate in a two-arm randomized controlled trial. At t0, the treatment group (TG) received an intervention comprising an oral health assessment, dental treatment recommendations and oral health education. The control group (CG) received usual care. At t1, blinded observers assessed objective (Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT)) and subjective (Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)) oral health and the objective periodontal situation (Periodontal Screening Index (PSI)). Of 9656 invited individuals, 527 (5.5%) participated. In the TG, 164 of 259 (63.3%) participants received the intervention and 112 (43.2%) received an outcome assessment. In the CG, 137 of 268 (51.1%) participants received an outcome assessment. The OHAT mean score (2.83 vs. 3.31, p = 0.0665) and the OHIP mean score (8.92 vs. 7.99, p = 0.1884) did not differ significantly. The prevalence of any periodontal problems (77.1% vs. 92.0%, p = 0.0027) was significantly lower in the TG than in the CG, but the prevalence of periodontitis was not (35.4% vs. 44.6%, p = 0.1764). Future studies should investigate whether other recruitment strategies and a more comprehensive intervention might be more successful in improving oral health among home care recipients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Approach to Promoting Oral Health)
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11 pages, 724 KiB  
Article
Prediction Models of Early Childhood Caries Based on Machine Learning Algorithms
by You-Hyun Park, Sung-Hwa Kim and Yoon-Young Choi
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(16), 8613; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18168613 - 15 Aug 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2999
Abstract
In this study, we developed machine learning-based prediction models for early childhood caries and compared their performances with the traditional regression model. We analyzed the data of 4195 children aged 1–5 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2007–2018). [...] Read more.
In this study, we developed machine learning-based prediction models for early childhood caries and compared their performances with the traditional regression model. We analyzed the data of 4195 children aged 1–5 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2007–2018). Moreover, we developed prediction models using the XGBoost (version 1.3.1), random forest, and LightGBM (version 3.1.1) algorithms in addition to logistic regression. Two different methods were applied for variable selection, including a regression-based backward elimination and a random forest-based permutation importance classifier. We compared the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) values and misclassification rates of the different models and observed that all four prediction models had AUROC values ranging between 0.774 and 0.785. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed between the AUROC values of the four models. Based on the results, we can confirm that both traditional logistic regression and ML-based models can show favorable performance and can be used to predict early childhood caries, identify ECC high-risk groups, and implement active preventive treatments. However, further research is essential to improving the performance of the prediction model using recent methods, such as deep learning. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Approach to Promoting Oral Health)
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8 pages, 900 KiB  
Article
Bioelectric Effect of a Microcurrent Toothbrush on Plaque Removal
by Ji-Hyun Lee and Jin-Hee Ha
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(16), 8255; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18168255 - 04 Aug 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3969
Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a microcurrent toothbrush (approved by the US Food and Drug Administration [FDA]), which employs a superimposed alternating and direct electric current, named as a Proxywave® technology, similar to the intensity of the biocurrent, in plaque removal [...] Read more.
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a microcurrent toothbrush (approved by the US Food and Drug Administration [FDA]), which employs a superimposed alternating and direct electric current, named as a Proxywave® technology, similar to the intensity of the biocurrent, in plaque removal and reducing gingivitis by biofilm removal through the bioelectric effect. This study enrolled 40 volunteers with gingivitis. Dental observations were made every two weeks, before and after the use of each toothbrush. We randomly assigned participants into two groups: one group used the Proxywave® toothbrush (PB) for two weeks followed by the control toothbrush (CB) for two weeks, while the other group used the CB for two weeks followed by the PB. The participants had a two-week washout period. If the toothbrush used earlier has had an effect on the bacterial flora in the oral cavity, this is to remove this effect and return it to its previous state. During each dental visit, we recorded plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) scores. The PI and GI scores were significantly lower in both the PB and the CB (p < 0.05). Considering the PI, there was no significant difference between the toothbrushes on all the surfaces. Considering the GI, the PB showed a significant decrease in the interproximal surface, compared to the CB (p < 0.05). The PB showed a significant decrease in the interproximal GI and had a beneficial effect in the interproximal area where the bristles could not reach. No adverse events were observed in the participants during the clinical trial. The microcurrent toothbrush is a device that can be safely used for plaque removal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Approach to Promoting Oral Health)
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9 pages, 326 KiB  
Article
Association between the Number of Prosthetic Crowns and Periodontitis: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNANES VII) from 2016–2018
by Yun-Jeong Kim, Jae-Young Lee, Young Ku and Hyun-Jae Cho
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(11), 5957; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18115957 - 02 Jun 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2330
Abstract
Although the presence of prosthetic restorations has been associated with plaque accumulation, gingivitis, and periodontitis, there is a lack of large epidemiological investigations providing evidence on the association of prosthetic crowns with periodontitis. This study aimed to analyze the association between the number [...] Read more.
Although the presence of prosthetic restorations has been associated with plaque accumulation, gingivitis, and periodontitis, there is a lack of large epidemiological investigations providing evidence on the association of prosthetic crowns with periodontitis. This study aimed to analyze the association between the number of prosthetic crowns and the presence of periodontitis. This study was based on the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2018). A total of 12,689 participants over the age of 19 years were surveyed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the association between the number of prosthetic crowns and periodontitis after adjusting for potential confounders, including demographic variables, socio-economic characteristics, oral health-related variables, and oral and systemic clinical variables. The odds ratio of periodontitis showed statistically significant differences in the anterior and posterior regions, and the prevalence of periodontal disease increased as the number of crown prostheses increased. Participants with 6–10 and 11 prosthetic crowns had 1.24 and 1.28 times higher prevalence of periodontitis, respectively, than patients with no prosthetic crown. The results of this study show that the number of prosthetic crowns present in adults is related to the prevalence of periodontitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Approach to Promoting Oral Health)
9 pages, 291 KiB  
Article
Relationship between the Toothbrushing Behavior and Hand Hygiene Practices of Korean Adolescents: A Study Focused on the 15th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey Conducted in 2019
by Eun-Jeong Kim and Hye-Ju Lee
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(11), 5913; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18115913 - 31 May 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2476
Abstract
Hand hygiene is one of the most important measures available to prevent infectious diseases such as COVID-19, and it is recommended that individuals wash their hands periodically before and after meals, after using toilets, before preparing food at home, at schools, and in [...] Read more.
Hand hygiene is one of the most important measures available to prevent infectious diseases such as COVID-19, and it is recommended that individuals wash their hands periodically before and after meals, after using toilets, before preparing food at home, at schools, and in public places. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between oral hygiene and hand hygiene in Korean adolescents. Data from 57,303 adolescents who participated in the 2019 Korea Youth Risk Behavior web-based survey were analyzed to determine the relationship between oral hygiene and hand hygiene. A complex sample logistic regression analysis was performed to determine association between toothbrushing behavior and handwashing practices. According to the results of this study, adolescents who brushed their teeth after lunch were 1.48 times more likely to practice handwashing before lunch than were those who did not brush their teeth after lunch (p < 0.001). In addition, the odds ratios adjusted for gender, grade, school type, and residence were found to be 1.87 (p < 0.001). Moreover, these adjusted odds ratios were higher in students who received personal hygiene education (OR: 1.98, p < 0.001). Oral hygiene practices were found to be related to personal hygiene, as assessed by handwashing, in Korean adolescents. Additional studies are needed to develop ways of improving the hygiene and health of adolescents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Approach to Promoting Oral Health)
10 pages, 308 KiB  
Article
Effects of Lingual and Palatal Site Toothbrushing on Periodontal Disease in the Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Byung-Ik Yang, Ji-A Park, Jae-Young Lee and Bo-Hyoung Jin
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(10), 5067; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18105067 - 11 May 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1770
Abstract
(1) Background: To analyze the association between periodontal health status and daily oral health activities including lingual and palatal site toothbrushing. (2) Methods: One hundred and fifty Korean elderly people aged >65 years participated in the study. Clinical examination regarding oral [...] Read more.
(1) Background: To analyze the association between periodontal health status and daily oral health activities including lingual and palatal site toothbrushing. (2) Methods: One hundred and fifty Korean elderly people aged >65 years participated in the study. Clinical examination regarding oral health status, including periodontal health status, was evaluated, and data on the oral health activities, socio-demographic factors, and systemic health-related factors were obtained using a questionnaire. Statistical analyses assessed the differences of periodontal health status according to daily oral health activities, including lingual and palatal site toothbrushing. (3) Results: Oral health activities including lingual and palatal site toothbrushing, frequency of toothbrushing, use of an interdental toothbrush, dietary patterns, and activity dependence correlated with bleeding on probing (BOP) and periodontitis. After adjusting for covariates, the prevalence of periodontitis was lower in the group where the inner surfaces of the teeth were partially or wholly cleaned than in the group without such cleaning. High BOP was significantly associated with the brushing of the inner surfaces of teeth. (4) Conclusions: Lingual and palatal site toothbrushing was associated with good periodontal health status in the elderly; the importance of brushing the inner surfaces of teeth should be emphasized for them and their caregivers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Approach to Promoting Oral Health)

Review

Jump to: Research, Other

14 pages, 866 KiB  
Review
Evaluation of Salivary Biomarkers of Periodontal Disease Based on Smoking Status: A Systematic Review
by Jin-won Noh, Jong-Hwa Jang, Hae-Soo Yoon, Kyoung-Beom Kim, Min-Hee Heo, Ha-eun Jang, Young-Jin Kim and Yejin Lee
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(21), 14619; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192114619 - 07 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2221
Abstract
Saliva is a useful biomarker for diagnosing oral health conditions, including periodontal disease (PD). Smoking is a risk factor for PD. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the salivary biomarkers associated with PD based on smoking status. A comprehensive search [...] Read more.
Saliva is a useful biomarker for diagnosing oral health conditions, including periodontal disease (PD). Smoking is a risk factor for PD. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the salivary biomarkers associated with PD based on smoking status. A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane, SCOPUS, and Web of Sciences databases was conducted up to 1 January 2021 using key terms relevant to the topic of our research and Cochrane methodology and improved with searching a gray literature resource. The methodological quality of all included studies was assessed with the revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2. Seven studies were included. Smokers had increased levels of malondialdehyde, sialic acid, salivary cortisol, salivary interleukin 1β, albumin, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP), and the pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), as well as decreased levels of superoxide dismutase, activity of lactate dehydrogenase, activity of enzyme activity of β-glucuronidase, uric acid, matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8)/TIMP-1 ratio, and combinations of MMP-8 and ICTP. However, mixed results were observed some studies in detecting glutathione peroxidase, MMP-8, and MMP-14. The results were interpreted with caution because of limitations in the number of included studies and the study design. Some salivary biomarkers are potentially useful in combination or alone for diagnosing PD. Methodological and systematic studies are needed to develop more effective biomarkers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Approach to Promoting Oral Health)
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19 pages, 1413 KiB  
Review
The Relationship between Dental Fear and Anxiety, General Anxiety/Fear, Sensory Over-Responsivity, and Oral Health Behaviors and Outcomes: A Conceptual Model
by Leah I. Stein Duker, Mollianne Grager, Willa Giffin, Natasha Hikita and José C. Polido
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(4), 2380; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19042380 - 18 Feb 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4578
Abstract
Dental fear and anxiety (DFA) is common across the lifespan and represents a barrier to proper oral health behaviors and outcomes. The aim of this study is to present a conceptual model of the relationships between DFA, general anxiety/fear, sensory over-responsivity (SOR), and/or [...] Read more.
Dental fear and anxiety (DFA) is common across the lifespan and represents a barrier to proper oral health behaviors and outcomes. The aim of this study is to present a conceptual model of the relationships between DFA, general anxiety/fear, sensory over-responsivity (SOR), and/or oral health behaviors and outcomes. Two rounds of literature searches were performed using the PubMed database. Included articles examined DFA, general anxiety/fear, SOR, catastrophizing, and/or oral health behaviors and outcomes in typically developing populations across the lifespan. The relationships between the constructs were recorded and organized into a conceptual model. A total of 188 articles were included. The results provided supporting evidence for relationships between DFA and all other constructs included in the model (general anxiety/fear, SOR, poor oral health, irregular dental attendance, dental behavior management problems [DBMP], and need for treatment with pharmacological methods). Additionally, SOR was associated with general anxiety/fear and DBMP; general anxiety/fear was linked to poor oral health, irregular attendance, and DBMP. This model provides a comprehensive view of the relationships between person factors (e.g., general anxiety/fear, SOR, and DFA) and oral health behaviors and outcomes. This is valuable in order to highlight connections between constructs that may be targeted in the development of new interventions to improve oral health behaviors and outcomes as well as the experience of DFA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Approach to Promoting Oral Health)
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Other

Jump to: Research, Review

12 pages, 1078 KiB  
Systematic Review
Lateral Cephalometric Analytical Uses for Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: The Importance of Cervical Posture and Hyoid Position
by Horia Opris, Mihaela Baciut, Simion Bran, Florin Onisor, Oana Almasan, Avram Manea, Tiberiu Tamas, Sebastian Stoia, Armencea Gabriel, Grigore Baciut, Bogdan Crisan, Mihaela Hedesiu, Liana Crisan, Ioan Barbur, Daiana Opris and Cristian Dinu
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(17), 11077; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191711077 - 04 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2083
Abstract
The temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) is a syndrome that affects the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Its pathophysiology is not yet fully known. Cephalometric analysis is used for routine evaluation regarding orthodontic treatment and other purposes. The aim of this study was [...] Read more.
The temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) is a syndrome that affects the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Its pathophysiology is not yet fully known. Cephalometric analysis is used for routine evaluation regarding orthodontic treatment and other purposes. The aim of this study was to assess if using cephalometric analysis and TMJ conservative therapy to evaluate the hyoid bone position and the cervical posture reduced symptoms in adults with TMDs compared to no intervention. The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature (PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase) for clinical studies of TMDs with conservative treatment and lateral cephalometric analysis of the hyoid and cervical posture. To assess the risk of bias for non-randomized clinical trials ROBINS-I tool was used. Out of 137 studies found, 6 remained to be included. Most of them found a link between TMD and lateral cephalometric analysis, but there was a high risk of bias. This review found a possible link between TMDs, the neck and cervical posture. There is a benefit reported regarding the use of the lateral cephalometry as a treatment, but more extensive prospective randomized clinical trials are necessary to be able to draw definitive conclusions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Approach to Promoting Oral Health)
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